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The organization of societal conflicts by pavement ants Tetramorium caespitum： an agent-based model of amine-mediated decision making

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 277-284页

作者： kevin M. HOOVER Andrew N. BUBAK Isaac j. LAW j.zmine D. W. YAEGER Kenneth j. RENNER j.hn G. SWALLOW Michael j. GREENE Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Neuroscience Program University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota 57069 USA

Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant's brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the territory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When members of 2 colonies randomly interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when: 1) there is a mismatch in nestmate recognition cues and 2) each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestmate ants. Instead of fighting, some ants will decide to recruit more workers from the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback mediates the development of colony wide wars. In ants, the monoamines serotonin (5-HT) and octopamine (OA) modulate many behaviors associated with colony organization and in particular behaviors associated with nestmate recognition and aggression. In this article, we develop and explore an agent-based model that conceptualizes how individual changes in brain concentrations of 5-HT and OA, paired with a simple threshold-based decision rule, can lead to the development of colony wide warfare. Model simulations do lead to the development of warfare with 91% of ants fighting at the end of 1 h. When conducting a sensitivity analysis, we determined that uncertainty in monoamine concentration signal decay influences the behavior of the model more than uncertainty in the decision-making rule or density. We conclude that pavement ant behavior is consistent with the detection of interaction rate through a single timed interval rather than integration of multiple interactions.

关键词：单胺类神经递质决策规则模型模拟体组织路面介导代理社会

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Broadband Fourier-Domain Mode-Locked Lasers

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Photonic Sensors 2011年第3期1卷 222-227页

作者： kevin HSU Panomsak MEEMON Kye-Sung LEE Peter j. DELFYETT j.nnick E ROLLAND Micron Optics Inc. Atlanta Georgia 30345 USA CREOL The College of Optics and Photonics University of Central Florida Orlando Florida 32816 USA The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA

宽带，高速度的打扫波长的激光能实质地在光连贯断层摄影术，化学光谱学，并且光纤的察觉到提高应用。我们报导在大约 90 kHz 操作的 Fourier 域模式锁激光的示范有效在 158 nm 上打扫率用一个单个乐队的图案打扫范围并且用一个唯一的... 详细信息

宽带，高速度的打扫波长的激光能实质地在光连贯断层摄影术，化学光谱学，并且光纤的察觉到提高应用。我们报导在大约 90 kHz 操作的 Fourier 域模式锁激光的示范有效在 158 nm 上打扫率用一个单个乐队的图案打扫范围并且用一个唯一的宽带图案越过 1.3 m 在 284 nm 上打扫范围到 1.5 m 波长光谱。一个新奇双察觉的完整范围的 Fourier 域光连贯断层摄影术系统被开发它提供 7 m 轴的分辨率(在空中) 在大约 90 kHz，为镜像的轴的扫描率在一根人的手指和一条非洲的青蛙蝌蚪解决了 Doppler 成像。

关键词：光学传感器设计结构自动化技术传感器

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There is life after coking for Ir nanocatalyst superlattices

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Nano Research 2022年第8期15卷 6969-6976页

作者： Antonio j.Martínez-Galera Haoj.e Guo Mariano D.j.ménez-Sánchez Stefano Franchi kevin C.Prince j.sé M.Gómez-Rodríguez Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Instituto Nicolás Cabrera Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. in Area Science ParkBasovizza(Trieste)34149Italy Condensed Matter Physics Center(IFIMAC) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain

Achieving superior performance of nanoparticle systems is one of the biggest challenges in *** maj.r phenomena,occurring during the reactions,hinder the development of the full potential of nanoparticle catalysts:sintering and contamination with carbon containing species,sometimes called ***,we demonstrate that Ir nanocrystals,arranged into periodic networks on hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)supports,can be restored without sintering after contamination by persistent *** restoration yields the complete removal of carbon from the nanocrystals,which keep their crystalline structure,allowing operation without *** findings,together with the possibility of fine tuning the nanocrystals size,confer this nanoparticle system a great potential as a testbed to extract key information about catalysis-mediated oxidation *** the case of the CO oxidation by O2,reaction of interest in environmental science and green energy production,the existence of chemical processes not observed before in other nanoparticle systems is demonstrated.

关键词： catalysis coke nanoparticles scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS)

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Soft-tissue management and reconstruction of lower-extremity trauma

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 233-242页

作者： Sammy Othman Said C.Azoury kevin M.Klifto LScott Levin Stephen j.Kovach Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwell HealthNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Soft-tissue management and subsequent salvage of the lower extremity following trauma has long presented difficult challenges to the plastic *** to the lower extremity can produce long-term sequelae consisting of psychological trauma,functional deficits,and increased costs to the healthcare *** incorrect management is important,and is compounded by the fact that few guidelines exist on appropriate treatment and patient *** study aims to describe the authors’experience at a large limb salvage center in order to further delineate management strategies.

关键词： Reconstructive surgery trauma lower extremity microsurgery soft-tissue

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Functionalized Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering

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Engineering 2022年第6期8卷 71-90页

作者： Liangbin Zhou Peng Guo Matteo D’Este Wenxue Tong j.ankun Xu Hao Yao Martin j.Stoddart Gerj. j.V.M.van Osch kevin Ki-Wai Ho Zhen Li Ling Qin Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics&Traumatology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China AO Research Institute Davos DavosCH 7270Switzerland Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Inj.ry Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518000China Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine&Department of Otorhinolaryngology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdam 3000 CAthe Netherlands f Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2600 AAthe Netherlands Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518000China

Articular cartilage(AC)is an avascular and flexible connective tissue located on the bone surface in the diarthrodial *** defects are common in the knees of young and physically active *** of the lack of suitable tissue-engineered artificial matrices,current therapies for AC defects,espe-cially full-thickness AC defects and osteochondral interfaces,fail to replace or regenerate damaged carti-lage *** rapid research and development advancements in AC tissue engineering(ACTE),functionalized hydrogels have emerged as promising cartilage matrix substitutes because of their favor-able biomechanical properties,water content,swelling ability,cytocompatibility,biodegradability,and lubricating *** can be rationally designed and conveniently tuned to simulate the extracel-lular matrix of *** article briefly introduces the composition,structure,and function of AC and its defects,followed by a comprehensive review of the exquisite(bio)design and(bio)fabrication of func-tionalized hydrogels for AC ***,we summarize the challenges encountered in functionalized hydrogel-based strategies for ACTE both in vivo and in vitro and the future directions for clinical translation.

关键词： Articular cartilage Functionalized hydrogels Cartilage repair Cartilage tissue engineering Clinical translation

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Environment-dependent attack rates of cryptic and aposematic butterflies

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 663-669页

作者： Brett M. SEYMOURE Andrew RAYMUNDO kevin j. MCGRAW W. OWEN MCMILLAN Ronald L, RUTOWSKI Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

Many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic coloration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposematic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although some studies show that aposematic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent work has suggested and demonstrated that crypsis and aposematism are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furthermore, the visual environment (e.g., ambient lighting, background) affects the ability for predators to detect prey. We investigated these 2 related hypotheses using 2 well-known visually aposematic species of butterflies, which occupy different habitats (open-canopy vs. closed-canopy), and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species . We tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasticine models of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats where the butterflies naturally occur: disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic model had fewer attacks than one of the aposematic models. Predation rates differed between the 2 habitats, with the open habitat having much higher predation. However, we did not find an interaction between species and habitat type, which is perplexing due to the different aposematic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panamanian dry season avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation between the 2 aposematic species and demonstrate that cryptically colored animals at rest may be better than aposematic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environments.

关键词：视觉环境警戒攻击蝴蝶种类调查食肉动物着色法相互作用

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nNPipe: a neural network pipeline for automated analysis of morphologically diverse catalyst systems

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npj.Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2176-2187页

作者： kevin P.Treder Chen Huang Cameron G.Bell Thomas j.A.Slater Manfred E.Schuster DoğanÖzkaya j.dy S.Kim Angus I.Kirkland Department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOX13PH OxfordOxfordshireUnited Kingdom Rosalind Franklin Institute Harwell Research CampusOX110FA DidcotOxfordshireUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry The University of EdinburghEH93FJ EdinburghUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry Cardiff UniversityPark PlaceCF103AT CardiffUnited Kingdom Electron Physical Sciences Imaging Centre Diamond Light SourceOxfordshire OX110DEUnited Kingdom j.hnson Matthey Technology Centre Blount’s CourtSonning CommonReading RG49NHUnited Kingdom

We describe nNPipe for the automated analysis of morphologically diverse catalyst materials. Automated imaging routines anddirect-electron detectors have enabled the collection of large data stacks over a wide range of sample positions at high temporalresolution. Simultaneously, traditional image analysis approaches are slow and hence unsuitable for large data stacks andconsequently, researchers have progressively turned towards machine learning and deep learning approaches. Previous studiesoften detail work on morphologically uniform material systems with clearly discernible features, limited workable image sizes andtraining data that may be biased due to manual labelling. The nNPipe data-processing method consists of two standaloneconvolutional neural networks that were exclusively trained on multislice image simulations and enables fast analysis of2048 × 2048 pixel images. Inference performance compared between idealised and real industrial catalytic samples and insightsderived from subsequent data analysis are placed into the context of an automated imaging scenario.

关键词： catalyst hence subsequent

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利用文本挖掘方法揭示ChatGPT提示对交通安全信息的影响

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评价与管理 2024年第1期22卷 107-107页

作者： Boniphace Kutea kevin j.Msechu Norris Novat Emmanue Kidando Angea E.Kitai 德克萨斯农工运输研究所美国休斯顿阿特金斯北美公司美国诺维 Iteris公司美国费尔法克斯克利夫兰州立大学土木与环境工程系美国克利夫兰华盛顿大学塔科马校区工程与技术学院美国国塔科马

ChatCPT是一种前景广阔的高级大型语言模型,需要通过提示来获取信息。然而,对于许多最终用户来说,设计一个好的提示并不是一件容易的事。因此,本研究旨在确定因提示信息量不同而获得的信息量。本研究使用了两种类型的提示语(初始提示语... 详细信息

ChatCPT是一种前景广阔的高级大型语言模型,需要通过提示来获取信息。然而,对于许多最终用户来说,设计一个好的提示并不是一件容易的事。因此,本研究旨在确定因提示信息量不同而获得的信息量。本研究使用了两种类型的提示语(初始提示语和改进提示语)来查询327篇高引用率交通安全文章的引言部分。然后将查询到的引言部分与人工撰写的引言部分进行匹配。通过相似性测试和文本网络分析来了解ChatGPT生成的引言与人工撰写的引言的相似程度和内容。研究结果表明,改进后的提示(增加了通用角色和有关引文和参考文献的信息)对ChatGPT的输出改变不大。完美相似内容的相似度应该达到1.0.而初始提示和改进提示的介绍材料的平均相似度分别为0.5387和0.5567。此外,内容分析还显示,无论提示中提供了多少信息,统计数据、趋势、安全措施和安全技术等主题都更有可能获得较高的相似度得分。而人类行为、政策法规、公众认知和新兴技术等主题则需要在提示中提供详细的信息,才能生成接近人工撰写的材料。提示工程师可以利用上述发现来评估他们的产出,并改进他们设计提示的技能。

关键词： ChatGPT 人工智能提示交通安全文本挖掘

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Non-uniqueness of critical solid fraction considering boundary conditions and strain-rate effects

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Particuology 2021年第1期19卷 37-49页

作者： Mingze Xu Zixin Zhang Xin Huang kevin j.Hanley Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Engineering Institute for Infrastructure and EnvironmentThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JLUnited Kingdom

The critical solid fraction(ϕj.,which marks the transition between the solid and liquid phases in the j.mming diagram,is influenced by several *** this study,the dependency ofϕj.on strain rate and boundary conditions is examined through discrete element method simulations considering a frictionless polydisperse granular *** approaches are used to determineϕ*** observed boundary effect is due to the nonuniform solid fraction distribution induced by the clustering of particles close to rigid-wall boundaries at high compression *** solid fraction distribution within the sample in the rigid-wall simulations approaches that in the periodic-boundary simulations as the compression rate *** increasing compression rate,the maj.r force transmission network contains fewer mechanically stable particles and a less stable force transmission *** causes j.mming of the granular assembly at a lower solid *** force transmission networks,however,are fragile and disintegrate quickly upon relaxation.

关键词： j.mming transition j.mming density Strain rate dependency Boundary effects

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The effects of sun exposure on carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the retina of the House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus)

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 56-67页

作者： Matthew B.Toomey kevin j.McGraw School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University Medical School

Background: Diet-derived carotenoid pigments are concentrated in the retinas of birds and serve a variety of functions, including photoprotection. In domesticated bird species(e.g., chickens and quail), retinal carotenoid pigmentation has been shown to respond to large manipulations in light exposure and provide protection against photodamage. However, it is not known if or how wild birds respond to ecologically relevant variation in sun ***: We manipulated the duration of natural sunlight exposure and dietary carotenoid levels in wild-caught captive House Finches(Haemorhous mexicanus), then measured carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the ***: We found no significant effects of sun exposure on retinal levels of carotenoids or lipid peroxidation, in replicate experiments, in winter(j.n–Mar) and spring/summer(May–j.ne). Dietary carotenoid supplementation in the spring/summer experiment led to significantly higher retinal carotenoid levels, but did not affect lipid peroxidation. Carotenoid levels differed significantly between the winter and spring/summer experiments, with higher retinal and lower plasma carotenoid levels in birds from the later ***: Our results suggest that variation in the duration of exposure to direct sunlight have limited influence on intraspecific variation in retinal carotenoid accumulation, but that accumulation may track other seasonal–environmental cues and physiological processes.

关键词： Carotenoids Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch Photostress Vision

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