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Sequential light programs shape kale (Brassica napus) sproutappearance and alter metabolic and nutrient content

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 244-256页

作者： Sofia D Carvalho kevin M Folta Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Plant Innovation Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Different light wavelengths have specific effects on plant growth and ***-bandwidth light-emitting diode(LED)lighting may be used to directionally manipulate size,color and metabolites in high-value fruits and *** this report,Red Russian kale(Brassica napus)seedlings were grown under specific light conditions and analyzed for photomorphogenic responses,pigment accumulation and nutraceutical *** results showed that this genotype responds predictably to darkness,blue and red light,with suppression of hypocotyl elongation,development of pigments and changes in specific ***,these seedlings were relatively hypersensitive to far-red light,leading to uncharacteristically short hypocotyls and high pigment accumulation,even after growth under very low fluence rates(,1 mmol m^(-2) s^(-1)).General antioxidant levels and aliphatic glucosinolates are elevated by far-red light *** treatments of darkness,blue light,red light and far-red light were applied throughout sprout development to alter final product *** results indicate that sequential treatment with narrow-bandwidth light may be used to affect key economically important traits in high-value crops.

关键词： treatment content narrow

Barrett’s esophagus:Review of natural history and comparative efficacy of endoscopic and surgical therapies

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第3期14卷 568-586页

作者： kevin Kyung Ho Choi Santosh Sanagapalli AW Morrow Gastroenterology Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney 2050NSWAustralia Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent’s HospitalDarlinghurst 2010NSWAustralia

Barrett's esophagus(BE)is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).Progression to cancer typically occurs in a stepwise fashion through worsening dysplasia and ultimately,invasive *** EAC with deep involvement of the esophageal wall and/or metastatic disease is invariably associated with poor long-term survival *** guides the rationale of surveillance of Barrett’s in an attempt to treat lesions at an earlier,and potentially curative *** last two decades have seen a paradigm shift in management of Barrett’s with rapid expansion in the role of endoscopic eradication therapy(EET)for management of dysplastic and early neoplastic BE,and there have been substantial changes to international consensus guidelines for management of early BE based on evolving *** review aims to assist the physician in the therapeutic decision-making process with patients by comprehensive review and summary of literature surrounding natural history of Barrett’s by histological stage,and the effectiveness of interventions in attenuating the risk posed by its natural *** findings were as ***-dysplastic Barrett’s is associated with extremely low risk of progression,and interventions cannot be *** annual risk of cancer progression in low grade dysplasia is between 1%-3%;EET can be offered though evidence for its benefit remains confined to highly select ***-grade dysplasia progresses to cancer in 5%-10%per year;EET is similarly effective to and less morbid than surgery and should be routinely performed for this *** of nodal metastases in intramucosal cancer is 2%-4%,which is comparable to operative mortality rate,so EET is usually *** cancer is associated with nodal metastases in 14%-41%hence surgery remains standard of care,except for select situations.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Endoscopic eradication therapy Dysplasia Adenocarcinoma Natural history Radiofrequency ablation

Anionic Polymerization of Butadiene Using Lithium/Potassium Multi-metallic Systems:Influence on Polymerization Control and Polybutadiene Microstructure

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2020年第4期38卷 357-362,I0006页

作者： Antoine Forens kevin Roos Charlotte Dire Benoit Gadenne Stephane Carlotti Univ.Bordeaux CNRSBordeaux INPLCPOUMR 5629F-33600PessacFrance MFP Michelin Centre de Technologie/Ladoux23 Place des Carmes Dechaux63040 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 9France

Thermal,mechanical,and viscoelastic properties of polybutadiene-based rubber materials are highly dependent on polybutadiene *** use of polar modifier in association with alkyllithium is a well-known method to obtain polybutadiene with a high vinyl con *** approach is to use bimetallic initiating species such as alkyllithium combined to heavier alkali metal alkoxide(RONa,ROK...).The polymerization control is n evertheless not achieved and several parameters were found to influe nee *** bimetallic in itiating systems based on alkyllithium and a potassium alkoxide,alkyllithium structure,initiator preformation time,and initiator composition were identified as parameters influencing the anionic polymerization process of butadiene and/or polybutadiene *** addition,the use of trimetallic systems based on alkyllithium,potassium alkoxide,and alkylaluminum was investigated in order to prevent side reactions regardless of the[K]/[Li]ratio and of the initiator preformation time.

关键词： Polybutadiene Anionic polymerization Microstructure (Multi)metallic systems Lithium/potassium-based systems

Neurolithography:Lithography as an enabling technology in neurology and neuroscience

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第2期22卷 15-18页

作者： kevin Zhai Department of Medical Education Weill Cornell Medicine-QatarP.O.Box 24144DohaQatar

Modern lithography,which enables the fabrication of complex structures in biomedical devices with exceptional precision,is a potentially transformative force in the neural *** such as photolithography,electron beam lithography,and soft lithography have been utilized to produce devices that guide neuronal growth and differentiation and measure electrophysiological signals at the single-cell *** the clinical sphere,lithography plays a role in the manufacturing of devices for deep brain stimulation,brain-computer interface,and ***,we briefly review the applications of lithography in basic and translational neuroscience and clinical neurology,with an eye toward future advancement.

关键词： Lithography Neurolithography Semiconductors Microfluidics Neural devices

Sensory sacrifices when we mass-produce mass produce

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 167-172页

作者： kevin M Folta Harry J Klee Horticultural Sciences Department Plant Innovation Center and The Graduate Program for Plant Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesville32606FLUSA

Plant breeders have been extremely successful at driving genetic improvements in ***,‘improvements’are truly a question of *** the last one-hundred years most plant genetic innovations have been driven by industry *** fruits,heavier yields,uniformity,increased resistance to disease and better shipping quality are just a few of the traits that have ensured profits on the farm and affordable food for ***,these milestones have come at the expense of sensory qualities,which have been sacrificed in exchange for practical production *** a base of industry-sufficient genetics,today’s breeders can now turn to the consumer for guidance in defining critical *** approaches to plant breeding start with the analysis of consumer preferences,and then merge them with modern genomics and analytical chemistry *** result is the next generation of crops that meet supply chain demands while presenting improvements in flavor,nutrition,color,aroma and *** review analyzes the approach of consumer-assisted selection as it has been applied to tomato and strawberry,two complementary annual crops that have been intensively bred to meet industry *** breeding efforts start with the consumer,with the objective of reclaiming lost sensory qualities.

关键词： crops breeding driving

Enhanced cortical bone expansion in Lgals3-deficient mice during aging

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Bone Research 2018年第1期6卷 95-106页

作者： kevin A.Maupin kevin Weaver Alexis Bergsma Cheryl Christie Zhendong A.Zhong Tao Yang Bart O.Williams Center for Cancer and Cell Biology Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment Van Andel Research Institute

Imbalances between bone formation and bone resorption, which can occur due to aging or sex hormone deprivation, result in decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Previous studies have suggested that the β-galactoside binding lectin,galectin-3, is involved in bone remodeling. We compared bone parameters of mice having null alleles of the galectin-3 gene(Lgals3-KO) with those of their wild-type littermates. Lgals3 deficiency increased cortical bone expansion at 36 weeks(wk) and preserved or enhanced bone mass in both male and female mutant mice. In addition, female Lgals3-KO mice were protected from age-related loss of trabecular bone. Histomorphometry and ex vivo primary cell differentiation assays showed increased osteoblastogenesis with little-to-no effect on osteoclastogenesis, suggesting the increased bone mass phenotype is primarily due to increased anabolism. Our study identifies galectin-3 as a negative regulator of bone formation and suggests that disruption of galectin-3 may be useful in preventing bone loss during aging.

关键词： Lgals3-KO their wild-type Histomorphometry

Chowing down:diet considerations in rodent models of metabolic disease

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Life Metabolism 2023年第3期2卷 10-18页

作者： kevin C.Klatt kevin Bass John R.Speakman kevin D.Hall Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720United States Garrison Institute of Aging Texas Tech University Health Science CenterLubbockTX 79430United States Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892United States

Diet plays a substantial role in the etiology, progression, and treatment of chronic disease and is best considered as a multifacetedset of modifiable input variables with pleiotropic effects on a variety of biological pathways spanning multiple organ systems. Thisbrief review discusses key issues related to the design and conduct of diet interventions in rodent models of metabolic disease andtheir implications for interpreting experiments. We also make specific recommendations to improve rodent diet studies to help betterunderstand the role of diet on metabolic physiology and thereby improve our understanding of metabolic disease.

关键词： diet composition nutrition chow study design recommendations

Carbon Nanotubes in Biology and Medicine:In vitro and in vivo Detection,Imaging and Drug Delivery

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Nano Research 2009年第2期2卷 85-120页

作者： Zhuang Liu Scott Tabakman kevin Welsher Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA

Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few *** this comprehensive review,we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological *** detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube *** nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological ***-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/*** vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible,nontoxic,and potentially useful for biomedical *** vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes,with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system(RES),including the liver and spleen,after intravenous *** well functionalized,nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in *** nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA(siRNA),paclitaxel and ***,single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence,Raman,and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and *** multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes biomedical applications surface functionalization biosensor drug delivery biomedical imaging

Automated defect analysis in electron microscopic images

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 354-362页

作者： Wei Li kevin G.Field Dane Morgan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA

Electron microscopy and defect analysis are a cornerstone of materials science,as they offer detailed insights on the microstructure and performance of a wide range of materials and material *** a robust and flexible platform for automated defect recognition and classification in electron microscopy will result in the completion of analysis orders of magnitude faster after images are recorded,or even online during image *** analysis has the potential to be significantly more efficient,accurate,and repeatable than human analysis,and it can scale with the increasingly important methods of automated data ***,an automated recognition tool is developed based on a computer vison–based approach;it sequentially applies a cascade object detector,convolutional neural network,and local image analysis *** demonstrate that the automated tool performs as well as or better than manual human detection in terms of recall and precision and achieves quantitative image/defect analysis metrics close to the human *** proposed approach works for images of varying contrast,brightness,and *** promising results suggest that this and similar approaches are worth exploring for detecting multiple defect types and have the potential to locate,classify,and measure quantitative features for a range of defect types,materials,and electron microscopic techniques.

关键词： automated defect analysis