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Clathrin light chains negatively regulate plant immunity by hijacking the autophagy pathway

Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 172-188页

作者： Hu-Jiao Lan Jie Ran Wen-Xu Wang Lei Zhang Ni-Ni Wu Ya-Ting Zhao Min-Jun Huang Min Ni Fen Liu Ninghui Cheng Paul A.Nakata Jianwei Pan Steven A.Whitham Barbara J.baker Jian-Zhong Liu Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology College of Chemistry and Life SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China College of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Plant Gene Expression Center U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCA 94706USA Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesJiujiang 332000China U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

The crosstalk between clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)and the autophagy pathway has been reported in mammals;however,the interconnection of CME with autophagy has not been established in ***,we report that the Arabidopsis CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN(CLC)subunit 2 and 3 double mutant,clc2-1 clc3-1,phenocopies Arabidopsis AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENE(ATG)mutants in both autoimmunity and nutrient ***,the autophagy pathway is significantly compromised in the clc2-1 clc3-1 ***,multiple assays demonstrate that CLC2 directly interacts with ATG8h/ATG8i in a domain-specific *** expected,both GFP-ATG8h/GFP-ATG8i and CLC2-GFP are subjected to autophagic degradation,and degradation of GFP-ATG8h is significantly reduced in the clc2-1 clc3-1 ***,simultaneous knockout of ATG8h and ATG8i by CRISPR-Cas9 results in enhanced resistance against Golovinomyces cichoracearum,supporting the functional relevance of the CLC2-ATG8h/8i *** conclusion,our results reveal a link between the function of CLCs and the autophagy pathway in Arabidopsis.

关键词： autophagy clathrin light chain immunity clathrin-mediated endocytosis senescence cell death

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Dairy cows inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第10期46卷 2275-2275页

作者： Amy L baker Virus and Prion Research Unit National Animal Disease Center Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Ames Iowa USA National Veterinary Services Laboratories Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Ames Iowa USA Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA

Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 hemagglutinin clade 2.***.4.4b was detected in the United States in *** HPAI viruses caused mortality events in poultry,wild birds,and wild *** March 25,2024,HPAI H5N1 clade 2.***.4.4b was confirmed in a dairy cow in Texas in response to a multi-state investigation into milk production losses.1 Over 200 positive herds were identified in 14 *** case description included reduced feed intake and rumen motility in lactating cows,decreased milk production,and thick yellow milk.2,3 The diagnostic investigation revealed viral RNA in milk and mammary tissue with alveolar epithelial degeneration and necrosis and positive immunoreactivity of glandular epithelium.A single transmission event,likely from birds,was followed by limited local transmission and onward horizontal transmission of H5N1 clade 2.***.4.4b genotype B3.13.4 We sought to experimentally reproduce infection with genotype B3.13 in Holstein yearling heifers and lactating *** were inoculated by aerosol respiratory route and cows by intramammary *** disease was mild in heifers,but infection was confirmed by virus detection,lesions,and *** disease in lactating cows included decreased rumen motility,changes to milk appearance,and production *** was confirmed by high levels of viral RNA detected in milk,virus isolation,lesions in mammary tissue,and *** study provides the foundation to investigate additional routes of infection,pathogenesis,transmission,and intervention strategies.

关键词： H5N1 cows fir

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董事长“先生”又回来了?

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第7期 26-28页

作者： Zachary Fleming Cam baker Andre Tartar Raeedah Wahid 晴川(译) 不详

企业在董事长称谓上一直在稳步转向性别中立语言。但而今,对多元平等包容政策的批评又卷土重来。今年2月,芯片制造商Advanced Micro Devices Inc.(简称AMD)就在批准其CEO苏姿丰奖金方案的前一天,从公司章程中去掉了董事长英文头衔中带... 详细信息

企业在董事长称谓上一直在稳步转向性别中立语言。但而今,对多元平等包容政策的批评又卷土重来。今年2月,芯片制造商Advanced Micro Devices Inc.(简称AMD)就在批准其CEO苏姿丰奖金方案的前一天,从公司章程中去掉了董事长英文头衔中带有性别指向的部分(译注:董事长的英文为chairman,其中man指男性)。该公司在一份监管文件中称,这是“技术化、现代化、明晰化且顺应潮流的一系列变化”中的一部分。

关键词：芯片制造商明晰化公司章程董事长技术化

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Computationally designed protein activation

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 609-610页

作者： David baker Department of Biochemistry Institute for Protein Design University of Washington Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Time-resolved tools for activating proteins of interest in living systems can allow monitoring of the dynamics of biological processes such as signal transduction. Various approaches have been developed to engineer both constitutive and inducible protein activation (e.g. genetic fusion of light switchable proteins).Active-site decaging is another strategy,but the limited number of genetically encoded unnatural amino acids and associ-

关键词： pro Rosetta Computationally designed protein activation

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The role of phosphorus in the metabolism of arsenate by a freshwater green alga, Chlorella vulgaris

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 169-178页

作者： Josh baker Dirk Wallschlager Trent University Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program 1600 West Bank Dr Peterborough ON K9L 0G2 Canada School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre Trent University 1600 West Bank Dr Peterborough ONK9L 0G2 Canada

A freshwater microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, was grown in the presence of varying phosphate concentrations（〈 10–500 μg/L P） and environmentally realistic concentrations of arsenate（As（Ⅴ））（5–50 μg/L As）. Arsenic speciation in the culture medium and total cellular arsenic were measured using AEC-ICP-MS and ICP-DRC-MS, respectively, to determine arsenic biotransformation and uptake in the various phosphorus scenarios. At high phosphate concentration in the culture medium, 〉 100 μg/L P, the uptake and biotransformation of As（Ⅴ） was minimal and dimethylarsonate（DMAs（Ⅴ）） was the dominant metabolite excreted by C. vulgaris, albeit at relatively low concentrations. At common environmental P concentrations, 0–50 μg/L P, the uptake and biotransformation of As（Ⅴ） increased. At these higher As-uptake levels, arsenite（As（Ⅲ）） was the predominant metabolite excreted from the cell. The concentrations of As（Ⅲ） in these low P conditions were much higher than the concentrations of methylated arsenicals observed at the various P concentrations studied. The switchover threshold between the（small） methylation and（large） reduction of As（Ⅴ） occurred around a cellular As concentration of 1 fg/cell. The observed nearly quantitative conversion of As（Ⅴ） to As（Ⅲ） under low phosphate conditions indicates the importance of As（Ⅴ） bio-reduction at common freshwater P concentrations. These findings on the influence of phosphorus on arsenic uptake, accumulation and excretion are discussed in relation to previously published research. The impact that the two scenarios of As（Ⅴ） metabolism, As（Ⅲ） excretion at high As（Ⅴ）-uptake and methylarsenical excretion at low As（Ⅴ）-uptake, have on freshwater arsenic speciation is discussed.

关键词： Arsenic Speciation Phosphorus Freshwater algae Toxicity Biotransformation

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The ＇omics revolution and our understanding of sperm cell biology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 6-10页

作者： Mark A baker School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Research Fellow Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

The foundations of proteomics are to study gene products and their regulatory roles within cells. Paradoxically, the only evidence that sperm cells make new proteins is through mitochondrial protein synthesis. Yet despite this, spermatozoa are the perfect candidates for mass spectrometry and hence, proteomic analysis. These enterprising cells use a plethora of post-translational modifications in order to gain functionality following their production within the testis. By using a combination of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （2D-PAGE）, and more recently liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）/MS, recent advances in sperm cell biology, through the use of proteomics, is making unparalleled progress. The protein inventory lists being generated have shed light on transmembrane proteins, kinases and chaperones never previously recognized. In addition, the ability to isolate either phosphopeptides or glycopeptides and quantify the differences between cells of two different populations make proteomic analysis of spermatozoa a real chance to finally answer some age old questions.

关键词： capacitation DIGE epididymis LC-MS proteomics quantitation sperm maturation spermatozoa

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The Oceanus Borealis of ancient Mars

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 234-235页

作者： Victor R.baker Departments of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences Planetary Sciences and Geosciences University of Arizona

Fifty years ago,the Mariner 9 spacecraft revealed that the Martian surface has a great planetary dichotomy separating heavily cratered southern highlands from a huge area of more lightly cratered northern *** this discovery,informal hypothesizing by geologists considered the possibility of an Earth-like water body occupying the northern lowland Martian plains.

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Oxidative desulfurization of fuels using ionic liquids： A review

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 262-279页

作者： Hua Zhao Gary A. baker Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science Savannah State University Savannah GA 31404 USA Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA

Extractive oxidation, wherein aromatic sulfur- containing compounds are extracted and subsequently oxidized to their corresponding sulfones, has proven to be one of the most effective desulfurization methods for producing ultra-low sulfur content fuels. As non-volatile and highly designable solvents, ionic liquids （ILs） have attracted considerable attention for the oxidative desulfur- ization of fuels. In this review, we systematically discuss the utility of ILs in catalytic and extractive oxidation, including their role as extractant, catalyst, or both. We also discuss the challenges facing the use of ILs in this regard, including their relatively high cost and excessive viscosity, as well as their efficiency and stability as catalyst.

关键词： oxidative desulfurization ionic liquids extraction fuels petroleum polyoxometalates

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Epidemiology and Clonal Spread Evidence of Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms in the Center of Care and Protection of Orphaned Children, Vietnam

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第3期14卷 165-189页

作者： Van Kim Nguyen Pirom Noisumdaeng Pol. Maj. Katiya Ivanovitch Stephen baker Eugene Athan Stephanie Jones Le Thi Lan Larry Croft Yin Peng Lee Tara Cassidy Van Hung Tran Thi Hang Phan Huu Tinh Ho Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand Department of Prevention and Infection Control Hung Vuong Hospital HCM City Vietnam Microbiology of Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand Thammasat University Research Unit in Modern Microbiology and Public Health Genomics Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand National Heart & Lung Institute (NHLI) University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Barwon South West Public Health Unit Geelong Australia Center for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR) Geelong Australia School of Medicine Deakin University Burwood Australia Monash Health Berwick Australia Center of Care and Protection of Orphaned Children HCM City Vietnam Charles River Laboratories Microbial Solutions Melbourne Australia Personnel Department of Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital HCM City Vietnam Hung Vuong Hospital HCM City Vietnam Department of Epidemiology Institute of Public Health HCM City Vietnam

Objective: To determine the prevalence of colonization and transmission of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms in order to develop of an effective infection prevention program. Design: Cross-sectional study with carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) colonization detection from the fecal specimens of 20 Health Care Workers (HCWs) and 67 residents and 175 random environment specimens from September 2022 to September 2023. Setting: A Care and Protection Centre of Orphaned Children in South of HCM City. Participants: It included 20 HCWs, 67 residents, and 175 randomly collected environmental specimens. Method: Rectal and environmental swabs were collected from 20 HCWs, 67 residents (most of them were children), and 175 environmental specimens. MELAB Chromogenic CARBA agar plates, Card NID, and NMIC-500 CPO of the BD Phoenix TM Automated Microbiology System and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were the tests to screen, confirm CROs, respectively and determine CRO colonization and transmission between HCWs, residents, and the environment. Result: We detected 36 CRO isolates, including 6, 11 and 19 CROs found in 6 HCWs, 10 residents and 19 environments. The prevalence of detectable CRO was 30% (6/20) in HCWs, 14.92% (10/67) in residents, and 10.86% (19/175) in environmental swabs in our study. WGS demonstrated CRO colonization and transmission with the clonal spread of E. coli and A. nosocomialis, among HCWs and residents (children). Conclusion: Significant CRO colonization and transmission was evident in HCWs, residents, and the center environment. Cleaning and disinfection of the environment and performing regular hand hygiene are priorities to reduce the risk of CRO colonization and transmission.

关键词： Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms Contamination Hand Hygiene Whole Genome Sequencing Infection Prevention

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Corpus-Based Translation Studies in the Academy

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外国语 2007年第5期30卷 50-55页

作者： Mona baker School of Languages Linguistics and Cultures University of ManchesterUK

The use of corpora in translation studies has attracted a great deal of attention in the past couple of *** of this attention has explicitly recognised that what corpus-based research offers us is not a theoretical paradigm as such but a set of tools and methodologies which complement rather than replace traditional ways of researching and teaching *** paper will attempt to contribute to the debate on corpora by placing corpora- based research within the broader context of emerging trends and priorities in the academy,and more specifically in translation studies.

关键词：大学翻译英语教学全局观

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