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Socioeconomic performance of in-between open spaces in a post-socialist city of Tirana,Albania

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 858-875页

作者： Anna Yunitsyna Ernest Shtepani kevin Hasa Department of Architecture University Metropolitan TiranaTiranaAlbania Department of Architecture Epoka UniversityTiranaAlbania

The urban development of Tirana during the last few years is characterized by significant expansion,population growth and intensive residential *** post-socialist city became much denser,more diverse in terms of building types,taller,and relatively lacking in public *** study is focused on the evaluation of in-between open public spaces,which are specific for different urban *** spatial configuration of in-between spaces is analyzed in relation to the level of social interaction and the presence of economic *** neighborhoods,which belong to socialist and post-socialist tower,slab,and courtyard building typologies,are selected as case *** methodology includes Space Syntax analysis,site surveys,and observations aiming to comprehend the socioeconomic performance and spatial organization of the *** overlap of the activity pattern,human behavior mapping,syntactic measurements,and site survey allows understanding the performance of different types of open spaces and to find the in-between space that facilitates the development of social and economic activities.

关键词： In-between space Building typology Space syntax Social activity Socioeconomic performance

Dynamics of Advantageous Mutant Spread in Spatial Death-Birth and Birth-Death Moran Models

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 576-604页

作者： Jasmine Foo Einar Bjarki Gunnarsson kevin Leder David Sivakoff School of Mathematics University of MinnesotaTwin CitiesMN55455USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of MinnesotaTwin CitiesMN55455USA Departments of Statistics and Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. We construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. We also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. We show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.

关键词： Spatial death-birth models Spatial birth-death models Spatial evolutionary models Spatial cancer models Evolutionary graph theory Stochastic processes Biased voter model Dual process Fixation probability Shape theorem

Batch Active Learning for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Segmentation Using Similarity Graphs

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1013-1033页

作者： Bohan Chen kevin Miller Andrea L.Bertozzi Jon Schwenk Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLosAngeles90095CAUSA Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin201 E 24th StAustin 78712TXUSA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM 87545USA

Graph learning,when used as a semi-supervised learning(SSL)method,performs well for classification tasks with a low label *** provide a graph-based batch active learning pipeline for pixel/patch neighborhood multi-or hyperspectral image *** batch active learning approach selects a collection of unlabeled pixels that satisfy a graph local maximum constraint for the active learning acquisition function that determines the relative importance of each pixel to the *** work builds on recent advances in the design of novel active learning acquisition functions(e.g.,the Model Change approach in arXiv:2110.07739)while adding important further developments including patch-neighborhood image analysis and batch active learning methods to further increase the accuracy and greatly increase the computational efficiency of these *** addition to improvements in the accuracy,our approach can greatly reduce the number of labeled pixels needed to achieve the same level of the accuracy based on randomly selected labeled pixels.

关键词： Image segmentation Graph learning Batch active learning Hyperspectral image

Failure characterization of fully grouted rock bolts under triaxial testing

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 778-789页

作者： Hadi Nourizadeh Ali Mirzaghorbanali Mehdi Serati Elamin Mutaz kevin McDougall Naj Aziz Centre for Future Materials(CFM) School of EngineeringUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD4350Australia School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralQLD4300Australia School of Civil Engineering University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia School of Surveying and Build Environment University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD4350Australia School of Civil Mining&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2500Australia

Confining stresses serve as a pivotal determinant in shaping the behavior of grouted rock ***,prior investigations have oversimplified the three-dimensional stress state,primarily assuming hydrostatic stress *** these conditions,it is assumed that the intermediate principal stress(σ_(2))equals the minimum principal stress(σ_(3)).This assumption overlooks the potential variations in magnitudes of in situ stress conditions along all three directions near an underground opening where a rock bolt is *** this study,a series of push tests was meticulously conducted under triaxial *** tests involved applying non-uniform confining stresses(σ_(2)≠σ_(3))to cubic specimens,aiming to unveil the previously overlooked influence of intermediate principal stresses on the strength properties of rock *** results show that as the confining stresses increase from zero to higher levels,the pre-failure behavior changes from linear to nonlinear forms,resulting in an increase in initial stiffness from 2.08 kN/mm to 32.51 kN/*** load-displacement curves further illuminate distinct post-failure behavior at elevated levels of confining stresses,characterized by enhanced ***,the peak load capacity ranged from 27.9 kN to 46.5 kN as confining stresses advanced from σ_(2)=σ_(3)=0 to σ_(2)=20 MPa and σ_(3)=10 ***,the outcomes highlight an influence of confining stress on the lateral deformation of *** levels of confinement prompt overall dilation in lateral deformation,while higher confinements maintain a state of ***,diverse failure modes have been identified,intricately tied to the arrangement of confining *** confinements tend to induce a splitting mode of failure,whereas higher loads bring about a shift towards a pure interfacial shear-off and shear-crushed failure mechanism.

关键词： Rock bolts Bolt-grout interface Bond strength Push test Triaxial tests

Source of metals related to gold occurrences in Cameroon, Central African Belt

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 308-324页

作者： kevin Igor Azeuda Ndonfack Jinlin Zhang Yuling Xie NSamiratou Yaya Emmanuel Archelaus Afanga Basua JCHX Mining Management Co. LtdBeijing 101500People’s Republic of China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037People’s Republic of China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Earth Science University of BamendaBamendaRepublic of Cameroon

Suites of granitic and metamorphic rocks form a perfect geological environment in which to investigate the source of metals related to gold *** the East Province of Cameroon,the source of metals-related gold(grade~4.6 g/t)that occurs within metamorphic and granitic rocks remains *** host rocks were subjected to XRF and ICP-MS whole-rock geochemistry and BSE/EDS mineral analyses to investigate the source(s)of metals related to gold in the ***,chalcopyrite-pyrite and magnetite-ilmenite are the main sulfi des and oxides of granites,*** low-grade metamorphic rocks are sulfi de-rich consisting of arsenopyrite,chalcopyrite,pyrite,and sphalerite,and oxides include magnetite,ilmenite,hematite,and ***,Ni,Co,Sb,Sc,and Zn concentrations depleted in high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites compared to low-grade metamorphic *** well,Bi,Cd,Co,Cu,Ni,Sb,V,W,and Zn concentrations decrease with increasing temperatures from low-grade rocks to high-grade rocks and *** suite of depleted elements in high-grade rocks and granites is almost identical to those enriched in gold *** conclude that metals(Bi,Cd,Co,Cu,Ni,Sb,and Zn)related to gold mineralization in the East Province of Cameroon likely originated from metal-rich low-grade metamorphic rocks during prograde metamorphic processes prior to partial melting.

关键词： East Province of Cameroon Metamorphic rocks Granites Oxide–sulﬁdes Metal and gold Geochemistry

Potential transformation of organic matter by microbes in cryoconite,Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1978-1989页

作者： Bixi GUO Yongqin LIU kevin Xu ZHONG Quan SHI Chen HE Qiang ZHENG Ruanhong CAI State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Earth Oceanand Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Petroleum Molecules Engineering Center(PMEC)China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science Collage of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Microorganisms play an essential role in the glacier carbon cycle;how they transform organic matter in mountain glacial cryoconite remains to be ***,we applied ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)and deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene,to investigate the temporal microbial transformation of dissolved organic matter(DOM)of the Tibetan Plateau *** the 60-day incubation,we found that DOM in cryoconite underwent a three-stage transformation,with decreasing bioavailability over *** microbial community did not change much in the first week while degrading DOM molecules that were associated with higher H/C_(wa)and lower O/C_(wa).During days 15-30,DOM composition remained stable while microbial diversity *** day 60,the DOM was microbially converted into a higher state of recalcitrance,with higher values of aromatic index,O/C_(wa),and lower H/C_(wa),which contained molecules containing more *** among various microbial taxa,like Cyanobacteria,Bacteroidota,Gammaproteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteriota,drove the DOM transformation in *** study sheds light on the in-situ transformation of DOM composition meditated by microbial populations in cryoconite at a temporal scale,providing new insights into understanding the microbial roles in the glacier organic carbon transformation.

关键词： Cryoconite Dissolved organic matter Biodegradation Microbial community Temporal variation

Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah Rice Markus Kurz Patrick Mai Leon Robertz kevin Bill Timothy R.Derrick Steffen Willwacher Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Sports Tech Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Department of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress *** encounter varied surface steepness(gradients)when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the *** study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different ***:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds(2.5 m/s,3.0 m/s,and 3.5 m/s)and gradients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).Force and marker data were collected synchronously *** moments were estimated at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the medial-lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1%of *** was derived from bending moments at the anterior and posterior peripheries by modeling the tibia as a hollow ***-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical ***:There were significant main effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending moments and peak anterior and posterior *** running speeds resulted in greater tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%resulted in greater tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%resulted in reduced tibial loading compared to level *** was no difference between+5%or-5%and level ***:Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients≥+10%increased internal tibial loading,whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients≥-10%reduced internal *** running speed according to the gradient could be a protective mechanism,providing runners with a strategy to minimize the risk of tibial stress injuries.

关键词： Bending moments Gradient Musculoskeletal modeling Overuse injury Tibial stress Training factors

Microfacies and diagenetic alteration in a semi-deep to deep lacustrine shale: The Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1524-1538页

作者： Bin Bai Jing-Yue Hao Ling Fu Yu-Xi Liu Jian-Peng Wang Lan Wang kevin GTaylor Lin Ma PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing100083China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of ManchesterM139PLUK College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun130061jilinChina Department of Chemical Engineering University of ManchesterM139PLUK

The mineralogical development and diagenetic sequence of lacustrine shales in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin are detailed studied.A model of their depositional system and a diagenetic diagram are proposed in this *** detailed petrographic,mineralogical,and elemental analyses,four distinct shale types are identified:argillaceous shale,siliceous shale,calcareous shale,and carbonate,clay,and silt-bearing *** main diagenetic process in argillaceous shale is the transformation of illite to smectite,negatively impacting shale *** shale undergoes carbonate cementation and quartz dissolution,contributing to increased porosity,particularly in *** shale experiences diagenesis characterised by carbonate formation and dissolution,with a prevalence of *** carbonate,clay,and silt-bearing shale,the dissolution of K-feldspar contributes to illitization of *** shale,characterised by more clay minerals and lower mesopore volume,is identified as a potential hydrocarbon *** shale,with the highest pore volume and abundant inter-mineral pores,emerges as a promising shale oil *** findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of shale properties,aiding in the prediction of shale oil exploration potential in the studied area.

关键词： Ordos Basin Yanchang Formation Chang 7 Member Diagenesis Microfacies

Post-fontan circulation hepatocellular carcinoma:Open and laparoscopic hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 90-93页

作者： Karin KY Ho Wong Hoi She Simon HY Tsang kevin S Lo Tan To Cheung Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong102 Pok Fu Lam RoadHong KongChina Department of Anaesthesiology Queen Mary Hospital102 Pok Fu Lam RoadHong KongChina

To the Editor:Fontan-associated liver disease shows increasing incidence as advances in pediatric cardiology have prolonged life expectancy in patients with single ventricle congenital heart defects[1].Their unique physiology and procedure-related sequelae present an increasingly relevant challenge in hepatic *** hereby reported a series of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who successfully underwent open and laparoscopic hepatectomy.

关键词： hepatocellular hepatectomy surgery