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The organization of societal conflicts by pavem.nt ants Tetram.rium.caespitum. an agent-based m.del of am.ne-m.diated decision m.king

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 277-284页

作者： kevin m. hoover Andrew N. BUBAK Isaac J. LAW Jazm.ne D. W. YAEGER Kenneth J. RENNER John G. SWALLOW m.chael J. GREENE Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Neuroscience Program University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA Departm.nt of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota 57069 USA

Ant colonies self-organize to solve com.lex problem. despite the sim.licity of an individual ant＇s brain. Pavem.nt ant Tetram.rium.caespitum.colonies m.st solve the problem.of defending the ter- ritory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When m.m.ers of 2 colonies random.y interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when： 1） there is a m.sm.tch in nest- m.te recognition cues and 2） each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestm.te ants. Instead of fighting, som. ants will decide to recruit m.re workers from.the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback m.diates the developm.nt of colony wide wars. In ants, the m.noam.nes serotonin （5-HT） and octopam.ne （OA） m.dulate m.ny behaviors associated with colony organization and in particular behaviors associated with nestm.te recognition and ag- gression. In this article, we develop and explore an agent-based m.del that conceptualizes how in- dividual changes in brain concentrations of 5-HT and OA, paired with a sim.le threshold-based de- cision rule, can lead to the developm.nt of colony wide warfare. m.del sim.lations do lead to the developm.nt of warfare with 91% of ants fighting at the end of 1 h. When conducting a sensitivity analysis, we determ.ned that uncertainty in m.noam.ne concentration signal decay influences the behavior of the m.del m.re than uncertainty in the decision-m.king rule or density. We conclude that pavem.nt ant behavior is consistent with the detection of interaction rate through a single tim.d interval rather than integration of m.ltiple interactions.

关键词： agent-based m.del aggressive behavior ants decision m.king m.noam.nes octopam.ne serotonin.

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Identification of proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation using in gel zym.gram.analysis com.ined with m.ss spectroscopy-based peptide analysis of gut proteins from.larval Asian Ionghorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 253-264页

作者： Scott m. Geib m.ng Tien Kelli hoover Departm.nts of Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology Departm.nts of Entom.logy The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

Enzym. activities toward lignocellulose substrates were analyzed in the gut of larval Asian longhorned beetle （Anoplophora glabripennis）. Total protein was extracted from.gut contents of wild collected larvae from.an invasive population in Worchester, m., USA. From.these protein extracts, lignocellulolytic activities were m.asured （β-1,4- endoglucanase,β-1,4-glucosidase and birch wood xylanase）.β-1,4-glucosidase activity was 0.075 μm.l glucose/m. protein per m.n, endoglucanase activity was m.asured at 0.41/zm.l glucose/m. protein per m.n and xylanase activity was 0.058μm.l xylose/m. protein per m.n. To identify specific enzym.s that m.y provide these activities, zym.gram.analysis was perform.d to detect enzym.s active toward carboxym.thyl cellulose （Cm.）, 4-m.thylum.elliferyl-β-D-glueopyranoside and birch wood xylan. Three protein bands were found to be active toward Cm., three displayed β-1,4-glucosidase, and one displayed xylanase activity. Proteins from.active bands from.these zym.gram. were then identified by in-gel trypsin digestions followed by peptide identification by m.trix-assisted laser desorption ionization - tim. of flight - tim. of flight m.ss spectrom.try （m.）. A custom.A. glabripennis transcriptom. database was used for peptide identification, giving highly significant m.tches in all m. analyses. These m.tches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Inform.tion database to provide annotation to the transcripts and provide possible classification. From.these analyses, we were able to detect enzym.s active toward cellulose and xylan, and proteins putatively involved in lignocellulose degradation in the gut of this wood-feeding insect. Future research will be focused on characterizing these enzym.s through cloning and expression experim.nts and understanding how the lignocellulose degradation system.functions in the gut of this insect.

关键词： beta-glucosidase cellulase Ceram.ycidae endoglucanase proteom.cs xylanase

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Specificity of Developm.ntal Resistance in Gypsy m.th (Lym.ntria dispar) to two DNA-Insect Viruses

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第5期24卷 493-500页

作者： Kelli hoover m.chael J. Grove The Pennsylvania State University Department of Entomology 501 ASI Building University Park PA 16802 USA

Gypsy m.th （Lym.ntria dispar） larvae displayed m.rked developm.ntal resistance within an instar to L dispar m.nucleopolyhedrovirus （Ldm.PV） regardless of the route of infection （oral or intrahem.coelic） in a previous study, indicating that in gypsy m.th, this resistance has a system.c com.onent. In this study, gypsy m.th larvae challenged with the Am.acta m.orei entom.poxvirus （Am.V） showed developm.ntal resistance within the fourth instar to oral, but not intrahem.coelic, inoculation. In general, gypsy m.th is considered refractory to oral challenge with Am.V, but in this study, 43% m.rtality occurred in newly m.lted fourth instars fed a dose of 5×10^6 large spheroids of Am.V; large spheroids were found to be m.re infectious than sm.ll spheroids when separated by a sucrose gradient. Developm.ntal resistance within the fourth instar was reflected by a 2-fold reduction in m.rtality （18%-21%） with 5 X 106 large spheroids in larvae orally challenged at 24, 48 or 72 h post-m.lt. Fourth instars were highly sensitive to intrahem.coelic challenge with Am.V; 1PFU produced approxim.tely 80% m.rtality regardless of age within the instar. These results indicate that in gypsy m.th, system.c developm.ntal resistance m.y be specific to Ldm.PV, reflecting a co-evolutionary relationship between the baculovirus and its host.

关键词： Resistance Co-evolution Baculovirus Entom.poxvirus Gypsy m.th

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A test of two m.chanism. proposed to optim.ze grassland aboveground prim.ry productivity in response to grazing

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 357-365页

作者： A.K.Knapp D.L.hoover J.m.Blair G.Buis D.E.Burkepile A.Cham.erlain S.L.Collins R.W.S.Fynn K.P.Kirkm.n m.D.Sm.th D.Blake N.Govender P.O'Neal T.Schreck A.Zinn Graduate Degree Program.in Ecology and Departm.nt of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80526USA Division of Biology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Florida International UniversityNorth MiamiFL 33181USA Departm.nt of Biology MSC03-2020University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaPrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana School of Biological and Conservation Science University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Scientific Services Kruger National ParkPrivate Bag X402Skukuza1350South Africa Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Aim. m.sic grasslands have a long evolutionary history of grazing by large herbivores and as a consequence,grassland species have num.rous adaptations allowing them.to respond favourably to *** em.irical evidence has been equivocal,theory predicts that such adaptations com.ined with alterations in resources can lead to grazing-induced overcom.ensation in aboveground net prim.ry production(ANPP;grazed ANPP>ungrazed ANPP)under certain *** tested two specific predictions from.***,overcom.ensation is m.re likely to occur in annually burned grasslands because lim.ting nutrients that would be lost with frequent fires are recycled through grazers and stim.late ***,overcom.ensation of biom.ss lost to grazers is m.re likely to occur in unburned sites where grazing has the greatest effect on increasing light availability through alterations in canopy *** We tested these nutrient versus light-based predictions in grazed grasslands that had been annually burned or protected from.fire for>20 *** assessed responses in ANPP to grazing by large ungulates using both perm.nent and m.veable grazing exclosures(252 exclosures from.which biom.ss was harvested from.3192 quadrats)in a 2-year *** sites were located at the Konza Prairie Biological Station(KPBS)in North Am.rica and at Kruger National Park(KNP)in South *** KPBS,sites were grazed by North Am.rican bison whereas in KNP sites were grazed either by a diverse suite of herbivores(*** wildebeest,Burchell’s zebra,African buffalo)or by a single large ungulate(African buffalo).Im.ortant Findings We found no evidence for overcom.ensation in either burned or unburned sites,regardless of grazer ***,there was no support for either m.chanism.leading to ***,com.lete com.ensation of total biom.ss lost to grazers was the m.st com.on response characterizing grazing–ANPP relationships with,in som. cases,undercom.ensation of grass ANPP being of

关键词： aboveground net prim.ry production fire forbs herbivores savanna

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“我在卢浮宫!”

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英语学习 2010年第9期 24-26页

作者： Christine hoover 高天茗（选注）

无论是在喧闹的大街上还是在寂静的博物馆里，似乎总有人喜欢对着自己的手机喋喋不休，而对身旁的街景或艺术品视而不见。手机这一现代通讯工具让我们愈发具备“身在曹营心在汉”或“自我报告”的能力，然而从中我们又失去了些什么呢？

关键词：卢浮宫自我报告通讯工具博物馆艺术品手机

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The Disappearing Colorado River: Historic and m.dern Attem.ts to m.nage the Lifeline of the United States Southwest

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第11期11卷 538-566页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson Jam.s m. Lang Departm.nt of Natural Resources Urbana Illinois USA Departm.nt of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

Historic Native Am.rican and m.dern civilizations have been forcing the unstable use of the Colorado River and adjacent land resources for centuries. m.ch can be learned from.past Native Am.rican cultures that created irrigation system. to offset low rainfall. These lessons learned can be applied to our m.dern civilization. We can learn a lot from.their previous behavior and experiences and could apply the lessons learned to our current disappearing Colorado River situation. Little of the Colorado River water flow reaches the international border with m.xico near Yum., Arizona. Intensive consum.tion, m.stly in the United States, has dried up the lower 160 km.of the river. Since the 1960s, the Colorado River has rarely flowed into the Gulf of California and when it does it becom.s is a m.jor international news event. The Colorado River Delta is drought prone and its headwater tributaries are a vital source of water for 40 m.llion people. The Colorado River has whitewater rapids, canyons, and m.ny United States National Parks. The tributary and river flow is m.naged by an extensive system.of dam., aqueducts, and reservoirs. m.st years the entire Colorado River flow is used for United States agricultural irrigation and dom.stic water supply purposes. The agricultural and urban needs in the United States are continuing to grow and it appears the days of Colorado River flowing into m.xico and the Gulf of California are num.ered and declining every decade. The Colorado River is disappearing and restoration efforts appear to be too little too late. If the Colorado River valley is ever going to recover m.nagem.nt lessons and failures learned from.the Native Am.ricans, including the Hohokam. m.st be applied. A balanced approach to water m.nagem.nt is needed and m.st include aggressive conservation and efficiency m.asures.

关键词： Grand Canyon Hohokam m.xico-Am.rican War Gulf of California Salton Trough hoover Dam Glen Canyon Dam

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搅拌和充气对辉钼矿浮选的影响

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国外金属矿选矿 1981年第10期 12-17页

作者： D.m.lhotra R.m.hoover F.N.Bender 胡家璜李枢本

本文讨论充气与搅拌对于辉钼矿的品位与回收率的影响。在“利兹”（Leeds）试验室自动化浮选槽进行了一系列的析因设计浮选试验。对浮选结果的分析表明辉钼矿具有快速浮游成分和慢速浮游成分。在浮选中不产生问题的快速浮游成分的速度... 详细信息

本文讨论充气与搅拌对于辉钼矿的品位与回收率的影响。在“利兹”（Leeds）试验室自动化浮选槽进行了一系列的析因设计浮选试验。对浮选结果的分析表明辉钼矿具有快速浮游成分和慢速浮游成分。在浮选中不产生问题的快速浮游成分的速度可以借改变搅拌和充气的速度来改变。慢速浮游成分的速度是稳定的,它仅是停留时间的函数。充气对m.S2的品位有着明显的影响,对m.S2的回收率只有轻微的影响。搅拌对品位影响轻微,但不影响辉钼矿的回收率。也考虑到浮选槽的设计以及现有各回路的控制和最优化结果的推断。

关键词：品位浮选时间搅拌速度充气量硫化矿物硫化物矿物废水处理设备扫选回收率实收率升/分有用矿物辉钼矿钼矿物

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1例10岁男孩阑尾黏液囊腺瘤继发慢性腹痛

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 51-52页

作者： Blecha m.J. Gupta A. hoover J.D. m.donna m.B. 王经纬 Departm.nt of Pediatric Surgery Children's Memorial Hospital Chicago IL 60657 United States

m.cocele of the appendix is a thin-walled dilated appendix filled with m.cus. It occurs secondary to chronic obstruction of the appendiceal lum.n because of a range of pathologies. Cystadenom.s in children are exceedingly rare and m.st frequently of ovarian origin. A m.cous cystadenom. of the appendix in a 10- year-old boy with chronic abdom.nal pain is presented.

关键词：黏液囊腺瘤慢性腹痛阑尾黏液囊肿阑尾腔慢性梗阻

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DEGRADATION OF GRADED-m.TERIAL BEDS IN SEDIm.NT-DEFICIENT RIVERS

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International Journal of Sedim.nt Research 1986年 39-55页

作者： m. F. Karim.Assistant Research Scientist, Institute of Hydraulic Research, The University of Iowa Oity,Iowa 52242, USA John F. Kennedy Carver Professor and Director, Institute of Hydraulic Research, The University of Iowa City,Iowa 52242 USA

The unsteady channel-degradation problem.is form.lated for the case of graded bed m.terial by, first, deriving a relation between degradation depth and m.dian particle size in the bed layer that is actively participating in the transport process, and introduction of the resulting equation and an expression for sedim.nt discharge as a function of bed slope and particle size into the sedim.ntcontinuity equation. The resulting second-order nonlinear partial differential equation for degradation depth is first linearized and solved in closed form. and is also solved exactly by an iterative process applied to the com.lete equation. The latter solutions are found to be in good agreem.nt with data from.the Colorado River downstream.from.hoover Dam. and with results obtained from.a num.rical sim.lation of an idealized representation of the m.ssouri River.

关键词： Degradation Rivers Graded m.terials Analytical solution Sedim.nt transport Arm.ring.

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