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Vegetated treatment area (VTAs) efficiencies for E. coli and nutrient removal on small-scale swine operations

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 153-164页

作者： R.Daren Harmel Rehanon Pampell Terry Gentry Doug R.Smith Chad Hajda kevin Wagner Patti K.Smith Rick l.Haney Kori D.Higgs USDA-ARS 2150Centre Ave.Bldg.DSuite340Fort CollinsCO80526USA Texas A&M Agrilife Research 720E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Soil and Crop Sciences Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA USDA-ARS 808E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Oklahoma State University 139Ag HallStillwaterOK74078USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

As small-scale animal feeding operations work to manage their byproducts and avoid regulation, they need practical, cost-effective methods to reduce environmental impact. One such option is using vege-tative treatment areas (VTAs) with perennial grasses to treat runoff;however, research is limited on VTA effectiveness as a waste management alternative for smaller operations. This study evaluated the effi-ciencies of VTAs in reducing bacteria and nutrient runoff from small-scale swine operations in three counties in Central Texas. Based on 4 yr of runoff data, the Bell and Brazos VTAs significantly reduced loads and concentrations of E. coli and nutrients (except NO3-N) and had treatment efficiencies of 73–94%. Most notably, the Bell VTA reduced loads of E. coli, NH4-N, PO4-P, total N, and total P similar to that of the background (control). In spite of significant reductions, runoff from the Brazos VTA had higher concentrations and loads than the control site, especially following installation of concrete pens and increased pen washing, which produced standing water and increased E. coli and nutrient influx. The Robertson VTA produced fewer significant reductions and had lower treatment efficiencies (29–69%);however, E. coli and nutrient concentrations and loads leaving this VTA were much lower than observed at the Bell and Brazos County sites due to alternative solids management and enclosed pens. Based on these results and previous research, VTAs can be practical, effective waste management alternatives for reducing nutrient and bacteria losses from small-scale animal operations, but only if properly designed and managed.

关键词： Bacteria Nutrients Swine manure Waste management Water quality

Interfacial Charge Transfer in Nanoscale Polymer Transistors

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Nano Research 2008年第4期1卷 341-350页

作者： Jeffrey H.Worne Rajiv Giridharagopal kevin F.Kelly Douglas Natelson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University6100 Main St.HoustonTX 77005USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University6100 Main St.HoustonTX 77005USA

Interfacial charge transfer plays an essential role in establishing the relative alignment of the metal Fermi level and the energy bands of organic *** the details remain elusive in many systems,this charge transfer has been inferred in a number of photoemission *** present electronic transport measurements in very short channel(lly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT).As channel length is reduced,the evolution of the contact resistance and the zero gate voltage conductance are consistent with such charge *** channel conduction in devices with Pt contacts is greatly enhanced compared to analogous devices with Au contacts,consistent with charge transfer *** current scanning tunneling microscopy(ACSTM)provides further evidence that holes are transferred from Pt into P3HT,while much less charge transfer takes place at the Au/P3HT interface.

关键词： Organic semiconductors band alignment charge transfer organic field-effect transistor scanning tunneling microscopy

A HapMap leads to a Capsicum annuum SNP infinium array: a new tool for pepper breeding

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 157-166页

作者： Amanda M Hulse-Kemp Hamid Ashrafi Joerg Plieske Jana lemm kevin Stoffel Theresa Hill Hartmut luerssen Charit l Pethiyagoda Cindy T lawley Martin W Ganal Allen Van Deynze Department of Plant Sciences University of California-DavisDavis95616CaliforniaUSA Illumina Incorporated 5200 Illumina WaySan Diego92122CAUSA TraitGenetics GmbH Am Schwabeplan 1bStadt Seeland OTGaterslebenGermany Department of Horticultural Sciences North Carolina State University2721 Founders Drive234 Kilgore HallRaleighNC 27518USA

The Capsicum genus(Pepper)is a part of the Solanacae *** has been important in many cultures worldwide for its key nutritional components and uses as spices,medicines,ornamentals and *** population growth is associated with demand for more nutritionally valuable vegetables while contending with decreasing resources and available *** conditions require increased efficiency in pepper breeding to deal with these imminent *** resequencing of inbred lines we have completed a valuable haplotype map(HapMap)for the pepper genome based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP).The identified SNPs were annotated and classified based on their gene annotation in the pepper draft genome sequence and phenotype of the sequenced inbred lines.A selection of one marker per gene model was utilized to create the PepperSNP16K array,which simultaneously genotyped 16405 SNPs,of which 90.7%were found to be informative.A set of 84 inbred and hybrid lines and a mapping population of 90 interspecific F2 individuals were utilized to validate the *** analysis of the inbred lines shows a distinct separation of bell versus chile/hot pepper types and separates them into five distinct germplasm *** interspecific population created between Tabasco(*** chile type)and P4(*** blocky type)produced a linkage map with 5546 markers separated into 1361 bins on twelve 12 linkage groups representing 1392.3 *** publically available genotyping platform can be used to rapidly assess a large number of markers in a reproducible high-throughput manner for *** a standardized tool for genetic analyses,the PepperSNP16K can be used worldwide to share findings and analyze QTls for important traits leading to continued improvement of pepper for *** and information on the array are available through the Solanaceae Genomics Network.

关键词： breeding pepper linkage

Individual Differences in Aging: Behavioral and Neural Analyses

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第Z1期 166-172页

作者： DAVID S.OlTON,AlICJA MARKOWSKA,STEVEN J.BRECKlER,GARY l.WENK,kevin C.PANG,VASSIlISKOlIATSOS Department of Psychology The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Department of Psychology The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Department of Psychology The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Department of Psychology The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Department of Psychology The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Departments of Pathology and Neurology The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21218 Maryland 21218 Maryland 21218 Maryland 21218 Maryland 21218 Maryland 21205

Aged populations have remarkable variability in recent memory and cognitive mapping. Although some individuals may have substantial age-related impairments, others perform almost as well as young individuals. This paper reviews the relevant data on aged rats and indicates two challenges for biomarkers of aging. The first is to provide an appropriate quantitative description of these individual differences. The second is to use them effectively as markers for age-related changes in psychological functions and their neural substrates.

关键词： Behavioral and Neural Analyses

Peginterferon lambda-1a, a New Therapeutic for Hepatitis C Infection, from Bench to Clinic

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2013年第2期1卷 116-124页

作者： Henrik Andersen Jeff Meyer Jeremy Freeman Sean E.Doyle kevin Klucher Dennis M.Miller Diana Hausman Jan l.Hillson ZymoGenetics/Bristol-Myers Squibb Seattle WA 98102 USA EMD Serono Billerica MA USA Oncothyreon Inc. Seattle WA USA CPTxBio Woodinville WA USA

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect approximately 3% of the world's population and cause 350,000 deaths each *** number of years,the standard of care has been combination therapy with recombinant alfa interferons—originally as native proteins but more recently as polyethyleneglycol-modified derivatives—and ribavirin,with the recent addition of an NS3 protease inhibitor for HCV genotype ***,therapeutic alfa interferons are associated with a significant burden of treatment-limiting adverse events,including musculoskeletal and influenza-like symptoms,hematologic cytopenias,autoimmune disease,fatigue,and other neurologic *** 2003,a team at ZymoGenetics (now a fully owned subsidiary of Bristol-Myers Squibb) and a second,independent group simultaneously identified a new class of interferons—the type Ⅲ lambda interferons—with near-identical activity to the type Ⅰ alfa interferons in hepatocytes but with an unrelated and less ubiquitous *** evaluation of the type Ⅲ interferon system demonstrated antiviral activity against HCV in vitro with limited activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and other nonhepatocyte cell types,supporting its development as a potentially better-tolerated therapy for viral *** lambda-1a (lambda) is an investigational type Ⅲ therapeutic agent originally developed at ZymoGenetics that is currently in Phase 3 studies for the treatment of *** this review,we describe the selection of the lambda molecule and its preclinical and early clinical development,and how the resulting data have helped to establish the differentiated safety profile for lambda—with fewer influenza-like and musculoskeletal symptoms and less hematologic toxicity than the alfa interferons—that was seen in later studies.

关键词： Discovery HCV Interferonλ

鞘内药物分布的计算模拟和体外实验研究:关于注药容积、脑脊液搏动和药物摄取的参数研究

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2018年第4期24卷 245-248页

作者： kevin M Tangen BS Roxanne l 靳天马柯不详上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院疼痛科

在临床医师进行鞘内药物输注治疗时,可供于确定输注参数设置的指南较少。本文的目的是通过研究输注参数设置、药物化学作用以及受试者个体化解剖学和脑脊液动力学,阐明本计算机模型预测药物生物分布的能力。采用影像学技术从受试者分别... 详细信息

在临床医师进行鞘内药物输注治疗时,可供于确定输注参数设置的指南较少。本文的目的是通过研究输注参数设置、药物化学作用以及受试者个体化解剖学和脑脊液动力学,阐明本计算机模型预测药物生物分布的能力。采用影像学技术从受试者分别获得解剖学数据和脑脊液流动速度的数据,以此重建受试者个体化中枢神经系统计算机模型,并构建受试者个体化中枢神经系统(Central Nervous System,CNS)台式模型。通过人体磁共振成像(MRI)数据的重建和优化,构建一种用于预测受试者个体化药物扩散的计算机模型。通过实验发现,脊髓MRI测量的脑脊液速度大小与受试者个体化计算机模型的流场相符,台式模型的药物扩散情况与相应的计算模型中的示踪剂扩散情况相符。通过模拟表明,多次注药可将药物靶向输注至颈段和胸段,而连续药物输注泵和单次给药可将药物靶向输注于腰段。通过多次给药并且冲洗可以将药物靶向输注于组织。本研究提出的指导涉及了组织药物摄取能力的药物特异性动力学,可帮助医师为病人选择临床输注参数,优化治疗方案。

关键词：脑脊液动力学参数设置药物分布体外实验药物摄取注药模拟鞘内

Self-Assembly and Ordering of C60 on the WO2/W（110） Surface

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Nano Research 2011年第2期4卷 194-203页

作者： Sergey A. Krasnikov Sergey I. Bozhko kevin Radican Olaf lübben Barry E. Murphy Sundar-Raja Vadapoo Han-Chun Wu Mohamed Abid Valery N. Semenov lgor V. Shvets Centre tbr Research on Adaptive Nanostrucmres and Nanodevices （CRANN） School of Physics Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Chernogolovka Russian Federation King Abdullah Institute for Nanoteclmology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 1145l Saudi Arabia

The growth and ordering of C60 molecules on the WO2/W（110） surface have been studied by low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy （STM and STS）, low-energy electron diffraction （lEED）, and density functional theory （DFT） calculations. The results indicate the growth of a well-ordered C60 layer on the WO2/W（110） surface in which the molecules form a close-packed hexagonal structure with a unit cell parameter equal to 0.95 nm. The nucleation of the C60 layer starts at the substrate＇s inner step edges. low-temperature STM of C60 molecules performed at 78 K demonstrates well-resolved molecular orbitals within individual molecules. In the C60 monolayer on the WO2/W（110） surface, the molecules are aligned in one direction due to intermolecular interaction, as shown by the ordered molecular orbitals of individual C60. STS data obtained from the C60 monolayer on the WO2/W（110） surface are in good agreement with DFT calculations.

关键词： Fullerenes self-assembly tungsten oxide low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy scanning tunnellingspectroscopy W(110)

Examining Gait Patterns after Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Parameterization and Principal Component Analysis

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第2期3卷 156-163页

作者： kevin E. Roy Victoria l. Chester Chris A. McGibbon Andrew and Marjorie McCain Human Performance laboratory Faculty of Kinesiology University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada

The use of parameterization in assessing gait waveforms has been widely accepted, although it is recognized that this approach excludes the majority of information contained in the waveform. Waveform analysis techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), have gained popularity in recent years as a more effective approach to extracting important information from human movement waveforms, but are more challenging to interpret. Few studies have compared these two different approaches to determine which yields the most relevant information. This study compared the kinematic patterns during gait of six total knee arthroplasty (TKA) subjects (10 TKA knees), to a group of 10 age-matched asymptomatic control subjects (19 control knees). An eight-camera Vicon M-cam system was used to track movement and compute joint angles. Group differences in parameterization (max and min peaks) values and principal component scores were tested using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Using parameterization, the TKA group was characterized by reduced hip extension, increased hip flexion, increased anterior pelvic tilt, increased trunk tilt, and reduced sagittal ankle angles compared to the control group. Waveform analysis, by means of PCA, showed-magnitude shifts in sagittal ankle waveforms between groups, rather than solely reporting differences in peaks. Waveform analysis also indicated a significant shift in the magnitude of the entire waveform for hip angles, pelvic tilt, and trunk tilt, indicating no change in range of motion between groups, but rather a change in the way in which range of motion is achieved at the hip. This study has identified several gait variables that were significantly different between the TKA and control groups. Our results suggest that waveform analysis is effective at identifying magnitude shifts as sources of variability between groups, which would not necessarily be analyzed using conventional parameterization techniques unless one knew a pr

关键词： Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Parameterization Gait Analysis

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GlOBAl GRASSlANDS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 425-444页

作者： Carly J.STEVENS Sofía BASTO Michael DBEll Tianxiang HAO kevin KIRKMAN Raul OCHOA-HUESO lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Unidad de Ecologia y Sistematica Departamento de BiologiaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCarrera 7 No.43-82 Ed.Jesus Emilio Ramirez(53)BogotaColombia National Park Service Air Resources DivisionLakewoodCO 80235USA Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4041South Africa Departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510 Puerto RealSpain Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)P.O.Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands

Grasslands are globally-important ecosystems providing critical ecosystem *** species composition and characteristics of grasslands vary considerably across the planet with a wide variety of different grasslands ***,in many regions grasslands have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition originating from anthropogenic activities with effects on productivity,species composition and diversity widely *** vary across grassland habitats but many show declines in species richness and increases in biomass production related to soil eutrophication and *** a continental level,there is considerable variation in the research effort that has been put into understanding the impacts of nitrogen *** Europe,North America and parts of Asia,although there are unanswered research questions,there is a good understanding of N deposition impacts in most grassland *** is not the case in other regions with large knowledge gaps in some parts of the *** paper reviews the impacts of N deposition on grasslands around the world,highlighting recent advances and areas where research is still needed.

关键词： acidification biomass production critical load eutrophication species composition species richness