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Thailand’s amazing diversity:up to 96%of fungi in northern Thailand may be novel

Fungal diversity 2018年第6期93卷 215-239页

作者： kev.n d.hyde Chada norphanphoun Jie Chen Asha J.dissanayake Mingkwan doilom Sinang Hongsanan Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Rajesh Jeewon Rekhani H.Perera Benjarong Thongbai dhanushka n.Wanasinghe Komsit Wisitrassameewong Saowaluck Tibpromma Marc Stadler Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Instituto de Ecologı́a A.C.CP 91070 XalapaVeracruzMexico World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Rai 50200Thailand Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduit 80837Mauritius national Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office Bangkok 10330Thailand department of Microbial drugs and German Centre for Infection Research(dZIF) partner site Hannover-BraunschweigHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany

Fungi have been often neglected,despite the fact that they provided penicillin,lovastatin and many other important *** are an understudied,but essential,fascinating and biotechnologically useful group of *** study of fungi in northern Thailand has been carried out by us since *** studies have been diverse,ranging from ecological aspects,phylogenetics with the incorportation of molecular dating,taxonomy(including morphology and chemotaxonomy)among a myriad of microfungi,to growing novel mushrooms,and dnA-based identification of plant *** this paper,advances in understanding the biodiversity of fungi in the region are discussed and compared with those further *** new species have been inventoried for the region,but many unknown species remain to be described and/or *** example,in the edible genus Agaricus,over 35 new species have been introduced from northern Thailand,and numerous other taxa await *** this relatively well known genus,93%of species novelty is *** the microfungi,which are relatively poorly studied,the percentage of novel species is,surprisingly,generally not as high(55–96%).As well as Thai fungi,fungi on several hosts from Europe have been also *** with the well studied European microfungi an astounding percentage of new taxa(32–76%)have been *** work is just a beginning and it will be a daunting task to document this astonishingly high apparent novelty among fungi.

关键词： Agaricus Amanita Colletotrichum Cornus Fungal diversity Pandanaceae Rosaceae Rosa Teak fungi

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Towards a natural classification of Ophiobolus and ophiobolus-like taxa;introducing three novel genera Ophiobolopsis, Paraophiobolus and Pseudoophiobolus in Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales)

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Fungal diversity 2017年第6期87卷 299-339页

作者： Rungtiwa Phookamsak dhanushka n.Wanasinghe Sinang Hongsanan Chayanard Phukhamsakda Shi-Ke Huang danushka S.Tennakoon Chada norphanphoun Erio Camporesi Timur S.Bulgakov Itthayakorn Promputtha Peter E.Mortimer Jian-Chu Xu kev.n d.hyde Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanChina Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani”Via Roma 18Forlı`Italy A.M.B.Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini” C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa`per gli Studi naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops Yana Fabritsiusa Street2/28Krasnodar RegionSochiRussia 354002

Ophiobolus is a large genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more than 350 possible species,most of which are saprobes on herbaceous plants in Europe and north *** species are polyphyletic and the type of Ophiobolus is not represented in ***,an increased taxon sampling of ophiobolus-like taxa and epitypification of the type species,*** is *** phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU,SSU,TEF1-a and ITS sequence data position *** in a sister clade with *** and several Entodesmium species in Phaeosphaeriaceae with high ***,Entodesmium is synonymized under *** with it type species,*** also clusters within the Ophiobolus clade and is synonymized under *** rossicus *** introduced and a reference specimen is designated for *** ophiobolus-like taxa(Ophiobolus sensu lato)can be distinguished as three main groups,which are introduced as new *** is introduced to accommodate the new species,Ophiobolopsis *** new genus Paraophiobolus is introduced to accommodate *** *** *** *** genus is characterized by hyaline to pale yellowish ascospores,some green-yellowish at maturity,with a swollen cell,terminal appendages and ascospores not separating into part *** *** introduced to accommodate six new species and two new combinations,***,***,***,***,***,***,*** and *** is characterized by subhyaline to pale yellowish or yellowish ascospores,with a swollen cell,lack of terminal appendages and ascospores that do not separate into part spores and is related to *** updated tree for Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene analysis is also provided.

关键词： 7 new combinations 11 new taxa dothideomycetes Epitypification

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Five Colletotrichum species are responsible for mango anthracnose in northeastern Brazil

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Fungal diversity 2013年第4期61卷 75-88页

作者： nelson B.Lima Marcus Vinicius de A.Batista Marcos A.de Morais Jr Maria A.G.Barbosa Sami J.Michereff kev.n d.hyde Marcos P.S.Câmara departamento de Agronomia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco52171-900 RecifeBrazil departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Pernambuco50732-970 RecifeBrazil Embrapa Semiárido 56302-970 PetrolinaBrazil Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Colletotrichum species are the most important and widespread form of decay affecting mango fruit *** this study,Colletotrichum species associated with fruit anthracnose isolated from mango in northeastern Brazil were subject to molecular and morphological *** partial sequences of the glycerald.hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of 143 Colletotrichum isolates was amplified,as an initial measure of genetic diversity.A subset of 47 isolates,selected to represent the range of genetic diversity and geographic origin,were further sequenced using the partial actin,β-tubulin,calmodulin,glutamine synthetase genes and rdnA-ITS *** multilocus sequence analysis,together with a critical examination of the phenotypic characters,revealed four previously described species(Colletotrichum asianum,Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum tropicale and Colletotrichum karstii)and one new *** new species is introduced as Colletotrichum dianesei and formally described,illustrated and compared with similar *** *** and *** have previously been reported from mango,while the other species represent the first report associated with the mango fruits *** species are reported for the first time associated with the mango fruits in Brazil.

关键词： Multilocus phylogeny Morphology new species Plant disease

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Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Lophiostomataceae,Floricolaceae,and Amorosiaceae ***.

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Fungal diversity 2015年第5期74卷 199-266页

作者： Kasun M.Thambugala kev.n d.hyde Kazuaki Tanaka Qing Tian dhanushka n.Wanasinghe Hiran A.Ariyawansa Subashini C.Jayasiri Saranyaphat Boonmee Erio Camporesi Akira Hashimoto Kazuyuki Hirayama RenéK.Schumacher Itthayakorn Promputtha Zuo-Yi Liu Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyangGuizhou 550006People’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Chiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-cho HirosakiAomori 036-8561Japan The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate University18-8 Ueda 3 chomeMorioka 020-8550Japan Apple Experiment Station Aomori Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center24 FukutamiBotandairaKuroishiAomori 036-0332Japan department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese BAntonio Cicognani Via Roma 18ForlìItaly A.M.B.Circolo Micologico BGiovanni Carini C.P.314 BresciaItaly Hölderlinsraße 25 15517 Fürstenwalde/SpreeGermany

The genera Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and several other allied taxa in Lophiostomataceae are *** of these taxa,including their history,morphology,and family placement,based on molecular phylogeny,are *** or representative specimens of Lophiostoma and Misturatosphaeria were examined and fresh specimens were obtained from Germany,Italy,Japan and Thailand.A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the lophiostomataceous genera Floricola,Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and related taxa is *** genera including Lophiostoma,Lophiohelichrysum,dimorphiopsis,Platystomum and Vaginatispora,plus eleven newly introduced genera Biappendiculispora,Alpestrisphaeria,Capulatispora,Coelodictyosporium,Guttulispora,Lophiopoacea,neotrematosphaeria,Paucispora,Pseudolophiostoma,Pseudoplatystomum and Sigarispora are accepted in Lophiostomataceae based on morphology and *** caulium,Lophiostoma arundinis and Lophiostoma caudatum are accommodated in *** winteri and Lophiostoma fuckelii are placed in the genera Lophiopoacea and Vaginatispora *** Curreya species and Misturatosphaeria claviformis are transferred to a new genus,*** other Misturatosphaeria species except Misturatosphaeria aurantiinotata and *** are separated in the new genera Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Magnibotryascoma,Pseudoaurantiascoma and Pseudomisturatosphaeria based on their morphological and phylogenetic *** new genus,Ramusculicola is introduced for a new collection from *** seven new genera are accommodated in a new family Floricolaceae,together with Floricola and *** massarina-like species clustered as a sister clade to Amorosia littoralis and are accommodated in a new genus Angustimassarina.A new family Amorosiaceae is proposed to accommodate the genera Amorosia and *** putatively named species decaisnella formosa and Thyridaria macrostomoides form a s

关键词： dothideomycetes Floricola Lophiostoma Misturatosphaeria Multi-gene phylogeny new species new genus Pleosporales taxonomy

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The families distoseptisporaceae ***.,Kirschsteiniotheliaceae,Sporormiaceae and Torulaceae,with new species from freshwater in Yunnan Province,China

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Fungal diversity 2016年第5期80卷 375-409页

作者： HongYan Su kev.n d.hyde Sajeewa S.n.Maharachchikumbura Hiran A.Ariyawansa ZongLong Luo Itthayakorn Promputtha Qing Tian ChuanGen Lin QiuJu Shang YongChang Zhao HongMei Chai XiaoYing Liu Ali H.Bahkali Jayarama d.Bhat Eric H.C.McKenzie deQun Zhou Faculty of Environmental Sciences&Engineering Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500YunnanChina College of Agriculture and Biology Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671003China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah LuangUniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyangGuizhou 550006People’s Republic of China department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand departent of Biology Chiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650223People’s Republic of China College of Basic Medicine Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671000China no.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaP.OGoa Velha 403108India department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403206India Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand

during a north–south latitudinal survey of aquatic fungi on submerged wood and herbaceous material in streams in the Asian region,we collected several hyphomycetous *** paper is part of a series where we provide illustrated accounts of these taxa and place them in a natural classification in the *** sequence based phylogenies in recent literature have shown that dendryphion,Sporidesmium and Torula-like species are polyphyletic in the phylum Ascomycota and their taxonomyhas been problematic due to a lack of understanding of the importance of morphological characters used to delimit taxa,as well as the lack of ex-type or reference *** on multi-locus phylogenies together with morphology,we propose the novel family distoseptisporaceae(Sordariomycetes)and three novel genera neotorula(Pleosporales,dothideomycetes),distoseptispora(Sordariomycetes)and Pseudosporidesmium(Sordariomycetes).In addition,dendryphion aquaticum,***,distoseptispora fluminicola,***,Kirschsteiniothelia submersa,neotorula aquatica,Sporidesmium aquaticum,*** and *** are introduced as new *** knawiae *** proposed to accommodate Sporidesmium knawiae in *** polyphyletic nature of dendryphion,Sporidesmium and Torula-like species are partially resolved,but further sampling with fresh collections and molecular data of species are needed to obtain a natural classification.

关键词： Asexual fungi dothideomycetes Freshwater fungi Hyphomycetes new species Phylogeny Sordariomycetes

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Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota

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Fungal diversity 2021年第4期109卷 155-179页

作者： Sajeewa S.n.Maharachchikumbura Yanpeng Chen Hiran A.Ariyawansa kev.n d.hyde danny Haelewaters Rekhani H.Perera Milan C.Samarakoon dhanushka n.Wanasinghe danilo E.Bustamante Jian-Kui Liu daniel P.Lawrence Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon Marc Stadler School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Entomology and Plant Pathology department Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology College of Bio-Resources and AgricultureNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City 10617Taiwan Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Research Group Mycology Department of BiologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia37005 Ceske BudejoviceCzech Republic Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyHonghe County 654400YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Instituto de Investigación Para el desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva(IndES-CES) Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaChachapoyasAmazonasPeru department of Civil and Environmental Engineering(FICIAM) Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaChachapoyasAmazonasPeru department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH Department Microbial Drugs and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig38124 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Microbiology Technische Universität BraunschweigInhoffenstraße 738124 BraunschweigGermany

Biodiversity loss from disturbances caused by human activities means that species are disappearing at an ever increasing *** high number of species that have yet to be described have generated extreme crisis to the ***,more than in any other era,effective ways to discover and delimitate species are *** paper reviews the historically fore-most approaches used to delimit species in Ascomycota,the most speciose phylum of *** include morphological,biological,and phylogenetic species *** argue that a single property to delineate species boundaries has various defects and each species concept comes with its own advantages and *** the rate of species discovery has increased because of the advancement of phylogenetic ***,traditional phylogenetic methods with few gene regions lack species-level resolution,and do not allow unambiguous *** detail the processes that affect gene tree heterogeneity,which acts as barriers to delimiting species boundaries in classical low-rank *** far,limited insights were given to the dnA-based methodologies to establish well-supported boundaries among fungal *** addition to reviewing concepts and methodologies used to delimit species,we present a case *** applied differ-ent species delimitation methods to understand species boundaries in the plant pathogenic and cryptic genus Phyllosticta(dothideomycetes,Botryosphaeriales).Several dnA-based methods over-split the taxa while in some methods several taxa fall into a single *** problems can be resolved by using multiple loci and coalescence-based ***,we discuss integrative approaches that are crucial for understanding species boundaries within Ascomycota and provide several examples for ideal and pragmatic approaches of species delimitation.

关键词： Ascomycetes Phylogenetics Species concept Systematics

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Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Pleosporaceae

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Fungal diversity 2015年第2期71卷 85-139页

作者： Hiran A.Ariyawansa Kasun M.Thambugala dimuthu S.Manamgoda Ruvishika Jayawardena Erio Camporesi Saranyaphat Boonmee dhanushka n.Wanasinghe R.Phookamsak Singang Hongsanan Chonticha Singtripop Ekachai Chukeatirote Ji-Chuan Kang E.B.Gareth Jones kev.n d.hyde Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China World Agroforestry Centre East Asia and CentralHeilongtanKunming 650201People’s Republic of China The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of national Education Ministry of China Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025Guizhou ProvinceChina School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese"Antonio Cicognani" Via Roma 18ForlìItaly department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

The family Pleosporaceae includes numerous saprobic,opportunistic human,and plant pathogenic *** classification of genera and species Pleosporaceae has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish taxa as well as the lack of reference *** treatments concluded that Pleospora and some other genera in Pleosporaceae are likely *** order to establish the evolutionary relationships and to resolve the polyphyletic nature of Pleospora and allied genera,we sequenced the 18S nrdnA,28S nrdnA,ITS,GAPdH,RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions of Pleosporaceae species and phylogenetically analysed this *** phylogenies strongly support the monophyletic nature of Pleosporaceae among the other families in Pleosporales,and the acceptance of the genera Alternaria,Bipolaris,Clathrospora,Comoclathris,Curvularia,dactuliophora,decorospora,diademosa,Exserohilum,Extrawettsteinina,Gibbago,neocamarosporium,Paradendryphiella,Platysporoides,Pleospora,Porocercospora,Pseudoyuconia and ***,dendryphion,Edenia and Macrospora are excluded from the family based on morphology coupled with molecular *** novel species,Alternaria murispora in this paper and Comoclathris sedi are *** sexual morph of Alternaria alternata is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh *** paraphyletic nature of Pleospora is resolved based on the available morpho-molecular data,but further sampling with fresh collections,reference or ex-type strains and molecular data are needed to obtain a natural classification of genera and the family.

关键词： Backbone tree dothideomycetes Pleosporales Plant pathogens Saprobes

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Some stromatic pyrenomycetous fungi from northern ***,Camillea and Hypoxylon(Xylariaceae)

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Fungal diversity 2012年第4期55卷 65-76页

作者： L.n.Vasilyeva S.L.Stephenson K.d.hyde A.H.Bahkali Institute of Biology and Soil Science Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR 72701USA Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Lung UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Lung UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Botany and Microbiology department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11442Saudi Arabia

Fourteen species of stromatic pyrenomycetous fungi(family Xylariaceae)collected in northern Thailand are *** of these(Biscogniauxia lithocarpi,Camillea malaysiensis ***,Hypoxylon juventuterubrum,***,***,and ***)are described as taxa new to *** of these taxa are provided,and they are compared with similar taxa known from the Western Hemisphere.

关键词： Ascomycota SE Asia Taxonomy Xylariales

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diversity of fungal endophytes in nothapodytes pittosporoides（Oliv.） Sleum（Icacinaceae） from Guizhou province

Diversity of fungal endophytes in Nothapodytes pittosporoide...

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中国菌物学会第七届全国会员代表大会暨2017年学术年会

作者： Sixuan Zhou Lijun Qiao Jichuang Kang kev.n d.hyde Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of national Education Ministry of China Guizhou University Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang University

nothapodytes pittosporoides（Oliv.） Sleum（Icacinaceae） is a traditional chinese medicine（TCM） herbal distributed mainly in southern China which produce camptothecin. Its endophytic fungi have been attracted wide attention. In order to study the endophytic fungi from n. pittosporoides and their secondary metabolites,the fresh plant samples（different parts） were collected from one tree once a season in Guiyang in Guizhou provice. Besides, different trees and parts were collected from Tongren and Zuiyi cities respectively in the same provice. Endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the samples by traditional methods. A total of 1037 endophytic fungal strains were obtained from1444 samples. Their dnA were extracted and amplified by the primers ITS1/ITS4 then sequenced and analyzed. The result showed that 656 strains were isolated from Guiyang, among which, 151 isolates from spring and 144 isolates from summer, 247 isolates from autumn, 144 isolates from *** 223 isolates were isolated from Tongren and 258 isolated from Zunyi respectively. Based on the sequences analyses of internal transcribed spacer（ITS） regions, the isolates were grouped into 3class ***, Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes which including 31 genera of which diaporthe, Colletotrichum and Phyllosticta are the dominant genera while diaporthe account for over half. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the endophytic fungi of ***. The fungal strains would be foundation for further study of their secondary metabolites.

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Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycetes

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Fungal diversity 2022年第3期114卷 237-278页

作者： Indunil C.Senanayake dhandevi Pem Achala R.Rathnayaka Subodini n.Wijesinghe Saowaluck Tibpromma dhanushka n.Wanasinghe Rungtiwa Phookamsak nuwan d.Kularathnage deecksha Gomdola dulanjalee Harishchandra Lakmali S.dissanayake Mei-mei Xiang Anusha H.Ekanayaka Eric H.C.McKenzie kev.n d.hyde Hao-xing Zhang ning Xie Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityNanhai AvenueNanshanShenzhen 3688GuangdongChina Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Honghe Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanChina Centre for Mountain Futures(CMF) Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management On Fruit diseases and Pests in north China Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Auckland Mail CentrePrivate Bag 92170Auckland 1142New Zealand

Sexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of *** global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been *** paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches,*** numbers of described fungi,by fungus:substrate ratio,by ecological distribution,by meta-dnA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in *** assumptions were made with the currently most accepted,“2.2–3.8 million”species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90%of the described ascomycetes reproduce *** Catalogue of Life,Species Fungorum and published research were used for data *** average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million,ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 ***,only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data *** ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:***,where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes?The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots,poorly-studied areas and species *** poorly studied niches include extremophiles,lichenicolous fungi,human pathogens,marine fungi,and fungicolous *** species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier *** issues,such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs,synonyms,conspecific names,illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described *** introgression results in new species,while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.

关键词： Ascomycota Estimates Habitat diversity Molecular techniques Species concepts

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