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Affairs happen---to whom？ A study on extrapair paternity in common nightingales

Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 421-431页

作者： Conny LANDGRAF kerstin wilhelm Jutta WIRTH Michael WEISS Silke KIPPER Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Alfred-Kowalke-StraBe 17 10315 Berlin Germany Animal Behavior Group Free University of Berlin TakustraBe 6 14195 Berlin Germany Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UIm Albert Einstein Allee 11 89069 UIm Germany Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Animal Sciences Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708 WD Wageningen The Netherlands Department of Exposition Unit Epidemiology Statistics and Mathematical Modelling Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany Chair of Zoology School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universitat Munchen LieseI-Beckmann-StraBe 4 85350 Freising Germany

Most birds engage in extrapair copulations despite great differences across and within species. Besides cost and benefit considerations of the two sex environmental factors have been found to alter mating strategies within or between populations and/or over time. For socially monogamous species, the main advantage that females might gain from mating with multiple males is probably increasing their offspring＇s genetic fitness. Since male （genetic） quality is mostly not directly meas- urable for female birds, （extrapair） mate choice is based on male secondary traits. In passerines male song is such a sexual ornament indicating male phenotypic and/or genetic quality and song repertoires seem to affect female mate choice in a number of species. Yet their role in extrapair mating behavior is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the proportion of extrapair paternity （EPP） in a population of common nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos. We found that EPP rate was rather high （21.5% of all offspring tested） for a species without sexual dimorphism and high levels of paternal care. Furthermore, the occurrence of EPP was strongly related to the spatial distribution of male territories with males settling in densely occupied areas having higher proportions of extrapair young within their own brood. Also, song repertoire size affected EPP： here larger repertoires of social mates were negatively related to the probability of being cuck- olded. When directly comparing repertoires sizes of social and extrapair mates, extrapair mates tended to have larger repertoires. We finally discuss our results as a hint for a flexible mating strat- egy in nightingales where several factors--including ecological as well as male song features-- need to be considered when studying reproductive behavior in monogamous species with complex song.

关键词： common nightingale direct fitness extrapair paternity Luscinia megarhynchos repertoire size territorial settlement.

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Plant Surfaces:Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations

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Nano-Micro Letters 2017年第2期9卷 116-155页

作者： wilhelm Barthlott Matthias Mail Bharat Bhushan kerstin Koch Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of BonnVenusbergweg 2253115 BonnGermany Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation(INRES)–Horticultural Science Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of BonnAuf dem Hugel 653121 BonnGermany

An overview of plant surface structures and their evolution is presented. It combines surface chemistry and architecture with their functions and refers to possible biomimetic applications. Within some 3.5 billion years biological species evolved highly complex multifunctional surfaces for interacting with their environments: some 10 million living prototypes(i.e., estimated number of existing plants and animals) for engineers. The complexity of the hierarchical structures and their functionality in biological organisms surpasses all abiotic natural surfaces: even superhydrophobicity is restricted in nature to living organisms and was probably a key evolutionary step with the invasion of terrestrial habitats some 350–450 million years ago in plants and insects. Special attention should be paid to the fact that global environmental change implies a dramatic loss of species and with it the biological role models. Plants, the dominating group of organisms on our planet, are sessile organisms with large multifunctional surfaces and thus exhibit particular intriguing *** and superhydrophobicity are focal points in this work. We estimate that superhydrophobic plant leaves(e.g., grasses) comprise in total an area of around 250 million km^2, which is about 50% of the total surface of our planet. A survey of structures and functions based on own examinations of almost 20,000 species is provided, for further references we refer to Barthlott et al.(Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 374: 20160191, 1). A basic difference exists between aquatic nonvascular and land-living vascular plants; the latter exhibit a particular intriguing surface chemistry and architecture. The diversity of features is described in detail according to their hierarchical structural order. The first underlying and essential feature is the polymer cuticle superimposed by epicuticular wax and the curvature of single cells up to complex multicellular structures. A descriptive terminology for t

关键词： Bionics Superhydrophobicity Hierarchical structuring Lotus effect Salvinia effect Evolution

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CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION IN THE GUT OF LEPIDOPTERAN CATERPILLARS

CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION IN THE GUT OF LEPIDOPTERAN CATERPILL...

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中国化学会第八届天然有机化学学术研讨会

作者： AIQUN JIA~1 WEIXIN WANG~1 AND XU YANG~1 1 School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei No.200 Nanjing 210014 Jiangsu China HEIKO MAISCHAK~2 LIYAN PING~2 kerstin PLOSS~2 and wilhelm BOLAND~2 2 Max-Planck-lnstitut fr Chemischekologie Hans-Knll-Str.8 D-07745 Jena Germany

＜正＞Chlorophyll degradation accompanies the insect feeding on *** ecological role in the interactions between insects and their food plant or other insects,respectively,was not discussed until *** from regurgitate a...

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Estimate of oxygen consumption and intracellular zinc concentration of human spermatozoa in relation to motility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第1期5卷 3-8页

作者： Ralf R.Henkel kerstin Defosse Hans-wilhelm Koyro Norbert Weissmann Wolf-Bernhard Schill Center for Dermatology and Andrology University D-35385 Giessen GermanyCenter for Dermatology and Andrology University D-35385 Giessen GermanyInstitute for Plant Ecology University D-35385 Giessen GermanyCenter for Internal Medicine Justus Liebig University D-35385 Giessen GermanyCenter for Dermatology and Andrology University D-35385 Giessen Germany

Aim: To investigate the human sperm oxygen/energy consumption and zinc content in relation to motility. Methods: In washed spermatozoa from 67 ejaculates, the oxygen consumption was determined. Following calculation of the total oxygen consumed by the Ideal Gas Law, the energy consumption of spermatozoa was calculated. In addition, the zinc content of the sperm was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The resulting data were correlated to the vitality and motility. Results: The oxygen consumption averaged 0.24μmol/106 sperm×24 h, 0.28μmol/106 live sperm×24 h and 0.85μmol/106 live & motile sperm×24 h. Further calculations revealed that sperm motility was the most energy consuming process (164.31 mJ/106 motile spermatozoa×24 h), while the oxygen consumption of the total spermatozoa was 46.06 mJ/106 spermatozoa×24 h. The correlation of the oxygen/ energy consumption and zinc content with motility showed significant negative correlations (r= -0.759; P<0.0001 and r=-0.441; P<0.0001, respectively). However, when correlating sperm energy consumption with the zinc content, a significant positive relation (r=0.323; P=0.01) was observed. Conclusion: Poorly motile sperm are actually wasting the available energy. Moreover, our data clearly support the 'Geometric Clutch Model' of the axoneme function and demonstrate the importance of the outer dense fibers for the generation of sperm motility, especially progressive motility.

关键词： oxygen energy consumption human spermatozoa sperm motility zinc

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Nature:通过控制血管生长来开发治疗癌症等多种疾病的新型疗法

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第22期17卷 I0002-I0002页

作者： Yu, Pengchun wilhelm, kerstin Dubrac, Alexandre Tung, Joe K. Alves, Tiago C. Fang, Jennifer S. Xie, Yi Zhu, Jie Chen, Zehua De Smet, Frederik Zhang, Jiasheng Jin, Suk-Won Sun, Lele Sun, Hongye Kibbey, Richard G. Hirschi, Karen K. Hay, Nissim Carmeliet, Peter Chittenden, Thomas W. Eichmann, Anne Potente, Michael Simons, Michael Yale Univ Sch Med Yale Cardiovasc Res Ctr 333 Cedar St New Haven CT 06511 USA Max Plank Inst Heart & Lung Res Angiogenesis & Metab Lab D-61231 Bad Nauheim Germany Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Internal Med Endocrinol Sect 333 Cedar St New Haven CT 06520 USA Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol 333 Cedar St New Haven CT 06520 USA WuXi NextCODE Genom Computat Stat & Bioinformat Grp Adv Artificial Intelligence Res Lab Cambridge MA 02142 USA VIB KU Leuven Switch Lab B-3000 Leuven Belgium Dana Farber Canc Inst Ctr Mol Oncol Pathol Boston MA 02215 USA Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol Sch Life Sci Gwangju 61005 South Korea WuXi NextCODE Genom Genom Lab 288 Fute Zhong Rd Shanghai 200131 Peoples R China Univ Illinois Coll Med Dept Biochem & Mol Genet Chicago IL 60607 USA Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Oncol Lab Angiogenesis & Neurovasc Link B-3000 Leuven Belgium VIB Vesalius Res Ctr Lab Angiogenesis & Neurovasc Link B-3000 Leuven Belgium Paris Cardiovasc Res Ctr U970 56 Rue Leblanc F-75015 Paris France Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Cell Biol 333 Cedar St New Haven CT 06520 USA

最近，一项刊登在国际杂志Nature上的研究报告中，来自耶鲁大学的研究人员通过研究揭示了如何通过控制血管发育来帮助开发治疗心血管疾病以及癌症的新型疗法。

关键词：心血管疾病疗法癌症治疗开发控制生长血管发育

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Effect of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第1期16卷 73-84页

作者： Prisca Eser Thomas Gruber Thimo Marcin Claudia Boeni kerstin Wustmann Christina DeLuigi Matthias Greutmann Daniel Tobler Markus Schwerzmann Matthias wilhelm Department of Cardiology InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland Department for Neuroscience and Movement Science University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland Center for Congenital Heart Disease Bern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland Department of Cardiology University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Cardiology University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland

Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with adult congenital heart disease(ACHD)benefit from exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)short-and long-term with regard to improvement of cardiorespiratory ***:Cardiopulmonary exercise tests(CPET)completed by ACHD patients between January 2000 and October 2019 were analysed *** mixed models were performed for peak oxygen consumption(VO_(2))with patients as random effect and age,sex,disease classification,preceding surgery(≤3 months)and preceding CR(≤4 weeks for short term and>4 weeks for long term)as fixed ***:1056 CPETs of 311 ACHD patients with simple(7),moderate(188)or great(116)complexity heart defects were *** 59 patients who completed a CR(median age 27 yrs,38%females)increased peak VO_(2)from before to after CR by a median of 2.7(IQR–0.6 to 5.5)ml/kg/***,in the multivariate mixed model,peak VO_(2)was non-significantly increased short-term after CR(β0.8,95%CI–0.7 to 2.4),not maintained long-term after CR(β0.0,95%CI–1.7 to 1.6)but significantly reduced after surgery(β–5.1,95%CI–7.1 to–3.1).The 20 CR patients after surgery increased their peak VO_(2)by 6.2(IQR 3.6–9.5)ml/kg/min,while the 39 CR patients without preceding surgery increased it by 0.9(IQR–1.5 to 3.1)ml/kg/***:The increase in peak VO_(2)with CR was mainly due to recovery from surgical *** small independent benefit from CR was not maintained long-term,highlighting the potential to improve current CR concepts in ACHD populations.

关键词： Grown-ups with congenital heart disease exercise training cardiac rehabilitation surgical intervention peak oxygen consumption cardiorespiratory fitness

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