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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cerium oxide nanoparticles in respiratory syncytial virus infection

Bioactive materials 2023年第6期24卷 124-135页

作者： Akhil Patel Jessica Kosanovich Sameera Sansare Sricharani Balmuri Vinayak Sant kerry m.empey Shilpa Sant Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261USA Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmacy and TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyClinical and Translational Science InstituteDepartment of ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261USA Department of Bioengineering Swanson School of EngineeringMcGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261USA

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the most common cause of viral bronchiolitis among children worldwide,yet there is no vaccine for RSV disease.This study investigates the potential of cube and sphere-shaped cerium oxide nanoparticles(CNP)to modulate reactive oxygen(ROS)and nitrogen(RNS)species and immune cell phenotypes in the presence of RSV infection in vitro and in vivo.Cube and sphere-shaped CNP were synthesized by hydrothermal and ultrasonication methods,respectively.Physico-chemical characterization confirmed the shape of sphere and cube CNP and effect of various parameters on their particle size distribution and zeta potential.In vitro results revealed that sphere and cube CNP differentially modulated ROS and RNS levels in J774 macrophages.Specifically,cube CNP significantly reduced RSV-induced ROS levels without affecting RNS levels while sphere CNP increased RSV-induced RNS levels with minimal effect on ROS levels.Cube CNP drove an m1 phenotype in RSV-infected macrophages in vitro by increasing macrophage surface expression of CD80 and CD86 with a concomitant increase in TNFαand IL-12p70,while simultaneously decreasing m2 CD206 expression.Intranasal administration of sphere and cube-CNP were well-tolerated with no observed toxicity in BALB/c mice.Notably,cube CNP preferentially accumulated in murine alveolar macrophages and induced their activation,avoiding enhanced uptake and activation of other inflammatory cells such as neutrophils,which are associated with RSV-mediated inflammation.In conclusion,we report that sphere and cube CNP modulate macrophage polarization and innate cellular responses during RSV infection.

关键词： Cerium oxide nanoparticles Reactive oxygen species Respiratory syncytial virus macrophage phenotypes Immunomodulation Nanoparticle shape Bioactive nanoparticles

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A reproducible and sensitive method for generating high-quality transcriptomes from single whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1318-1328页

作者： marco Gebiola Brandon H.Le kerry Emauck Department of Entomology University of California RiversideRiversideCalifornia Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCalifornia Institute of Integrative Genome Biology University of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA

Transcriptomic studies are an important tool for understanding the molecular pathways underlying host plant use by agricultural pests,including vectors of damaging plant pathogens.Thus far,bulk RNA-Seq has been the main approach for non-model insects.This method relies on pooling large numbers of whole organisms or hundreds of individually dissected organs.The latter approach is logistically challenging,may introduce artifacts of handling and storage,and is not compatible with biological replication.Here,we tested an approach to generate transcriptomes of individual salivary glands and other low-input body tissues from whiteflies(Bemisia tabaci mEAm1),which are major vectors of plant viruses.By comparing our outputs to published bulk RNA-Seq datasets for whole whitefly bodies and pools of salivary glands,we demonstrate that this approach recovers similar numbers of transcripts relative to bulk RNA-Seq in a tissue-specific manner,and for some metrics,exceeds performance of bulk tissue RNA-Seq.Libraries generated from individual salivary glands also yielded additional novel transcripts not identified in pooled salivary gland datasets,and had hundreds of enriched transcripts when compared with whole head tissues.Overall,our study demonstrates that it is feasible to produce high quality,replicated transcriptomes of whitefly salivary glands and other low-input tissues.We anticipate that our approach will expand hypothesis-driven research on salivary glands of whiteflies and other Hemiptera,thus enabling novel control strategies to disrupt feeding and virus transmission.

关键词： Aleyrodidae Bemisia tabaci bulk RNA-Seq insect vectors low-input RNA-Seq plant pathogens

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maximizing recovery time between knock-out races improves sprint cross-country skiing performance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 21-29页

作者： kerry mcGawley Coline Van Waerbeke Karl-Johan Westberg Erik P.Andersson Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Department of Health SciencesMid Sweden UniversityOstersund 83125Sweden

Background:In a sprint cross-country(XC)ski competition,the difference in recovery times separating the first and the second semi-final(SF)heats from the final(F)may affect performance.The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of longer vs.shorter recovery periods prescribed between the 3 knock-out races of a simulated sprint XC ski competition involving a prologue(P),quarter-final(QF),SF,and F.methods:Eleven well-trained XC ski athletes completed 2 simulated sprint XC ski competitions on a treadmill involving 4×883-m roller-ski bouts at a 4°incline using the gear 3 ski-skating sub-technique.The first 3 bouts were completed at a fixed speed(PFIX,QFFIX,and SFFIX)corresponding to~96%of each individual’s previously determined maximal effort.The final bout was performed as a self-paced sprint time trial(FSTT).Test conditions differed by the time durations prescribed between the QFFIX,SFFIX,and FSTT,which simulated real-world XC ski competition conditions using maximum(mAX-REC)or minimum(mIN-REC)recovery periods.Results:The FSTT was completed 5.4±5.5 s faster(p=0.009)during mAX-REC(179.2±18.1 s)compared to mIN-REC(184.6±20.0 s),and this was linked to a significantly higher power output(p=0.010)and total metabolic rate(p=0.009).The pre FSTT blood lactate(BLa)concentration was significantly lower during mAX-REC compared to mIN-REC(2.5±0.8 mmol/L vs.3.6±1.6 mmol/L,respectively;p=0.027),and the pre-to-post FSTT increase in BLa was greater(8.8±2.1 mmol/L vs.7.1±2.3 mmol/L,respectively;p=0.024).No other differences for mAX-REC vs.mIN-REC reached significance(p>0.05).Conclusion:Performance in a group of well-trained XC skiers is negatively affected when recovery times between sprint heats are minimized which,in competition conditions,would occur when selecting the last QF heat.This result is combined with a higher pre-race BLa concentration and a reduced rise in BLa concentration under shorter recovery conditions.These findings may help inform decision making when XC skiers are faced with selecting a QF heat wi

关键词： Energetics Repeated sprints Roller skiing Simulated competition Tactics

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Phylogeny of the Acarosporaceae(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota,Fungi)and the evolution of carbonized ascomata

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第4期73卷 145-158页

作者： martin Westberg Ana m.millanes kerry Knudsen mats Wedin Department of Botany Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryP.O.Box 50007SE-10405 StockholmSweden Departamento de Biología y Geología Universidad Rey Juan CarlosE-28933 MóstolesSpain Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental SciencesKamýcká129Prague CZ-16521Czech Republic

The phylogeny of the Acarosporaceae(Lecanoromycetes,Acarosporomycetidae,Acarosporales)is investigated using data from three molecular markers;nuclear ITS-LSU rDNA,mitochondrial SSU andβ-tubulin.Acarosporaceae is shown to be constituted by six main clades;myriospora,Timdalia,Pleopsidium,a clade composed by BAcarospora^rhizobola and BA.^terricola,the poorly supported Sarcogyne clade(including several Polysporina and Acarospora species)and the Acarospora clade(including the type of Polysporina,P.simplex,and several other Polysporina species).The common ancestor of the Acarosporaceae did not produce strongly black pigmented(carbonized or melanized)ascomata,but this trait has arisen secondarily and independently numerous times in the evolution of the group.The number of changes in character states of both carbonized epihymenium and carbonized exciple are considerably more than the minimum number.The genera Sarcogyne and Polysporina—largely circumscribed based on the presence of black pigmented ascomata—are shown to be distinctly non-monophyletic.The presence of green algae in the ascoma margin(lecanorine or lecideine ascomata)may vary even within single species.

关键词： Convergent evolution Lichens Lichenized fungi Lichenicolous

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mental Illness Education through Stories of Lived Experience: Validation Review of the DoNOHarm Framework

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International Journal of mental Health Promotion 2021年第4期23卷 455-469页

作者： Debra Rickwood kerry Thomas Patricia m.Brown Heidi Prowse Faculty of Health University of CanberraCanberra2600Australia mental Illness Education ACT Canberra2601Australia

The lived experience of people with mental illness is a powerful way to promote mental health literacy and reduce the stigma associated with mental illness.However,there is little guidance on how to do this safely.mental Illness Education ACT is an Australian organisation that since 1993 has supported volunteer educators to share their individual stories of lived experience to school and community groups.In 2011,they developed the DoNOHarm Framework to assist volunteers to be able to talk about their experiences in a way that is safe for them and for their audience,a gap that they recognised in thefield.This study reports a review of the Framework,considering the extent to which it is supported by the current literature and how it is being implemented and experienced by the volunteer educators.These research questions were addressed by a literature review and interviews with 14 volunteer educators and the staff that support them.The review of published literature over the past 10 years showed strong evidence for three of the six principles of the Framework:Context and Purpose,Recovery Emphasis,and Safe Talking.Although the principle of Respectful and Inclusive Language is widely promoted in the mental healthfield,no recent studies investigated the benefits of this approach.Similarly,there was no recent research into the two principles of Limits to Helping and Self Care.The interviews revealed strong support for the Frame-work among volunteers.It was seen to be effective to protect the safety of both presenter and audience,ensure the relevance of the presentation,give educators confidence in their message and delivery,convey a hopeful message,and make certain that presentations were engaging for the audience.Overall,this review shows that the DoNO-Harm Frameworkfills an important gap for mental health education,with a sound evidence base where there is published evidence available.

关键词： mental illness education lived experience storytelling harm safety framework

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Effects of intermittent fasting on health markers in those with type 2 diabetes:A pilot study

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第4期8卷 154-164页

作者： Terra G Arnason matthew W Bowen kerry D mansell Department of medicine College of MedicineUniversity of Saskatchewan Division of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan

AIm To determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting(IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2Dm).mETHODS We describe a three-phase observational study(baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2Dm. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements(using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose(SmBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase. RESULTS At baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2Dm and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index(BmI) 36.90 kg/m^2]. We report here that a short-term periodof IF in a small group of individuals with T2Dm led to significant group decreases in weight(-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BmI(-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose(SmBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase(P mean 16.82 ± 1.18). The increased fasting duration improved at-goal(mmol/L) morning SmBG to 34.1%, from a baseline of 13.8%. Ordinal Logistic Regression models revealed a positive relationship between the increase in hours fasted and fasting glucose reaching target values(χ~2 likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SmBG(all P > 0.1). Postprandial SmBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose variation. Neither insulin resistan

关键词：断断续续的 fasting 打 2 糖尿病遥远的食物摄影自我监视的血葡萄糖为胰岛素 resistence 索引的评价的动态平衡模型

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Potential of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the characterization and monitoring of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 203-212页

作者： matthew S.macLennan Cai Tie Kevin Kovalchik kerry m.Peru Xinxiang Zhang John V.Headley David D.Y.Chen Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada. State Key Laboratory of Bioactiue Substance and Function of Natural medicines Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China Water Science and Technology Directorate Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada SaskatoonSK S7N 3H5 Canada College of Chemistry and molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry（CE–mS） was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds（NAFCs） of oil sands process-affected water（OSPW）. A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE–mS in less than 15 min. Time of flight mS analysis（TOFmS）, optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800 m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs（between 100 and 450 m/z） are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）carbodiimide（EDC）, or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30%（V/V） methanol in water and 2%（V/V） formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE–mS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500 m/z.

关键词： Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry Electrospray ionization Carbodiimide Oil sands process-affected water Naphthenic acids

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Effects of Additional Rifle-Carriage Training on Physiological markers and Roller-Skiing Performance in Well-Trained Biathletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第3期3卷 292-302页

作者： malin Jonsson Karstrom kerry mcGawley marko S.Laaksonen Department of Health Science Swedish Winter Sports Research CentreMid Sweden UniversityÖstersundSweden

Purpose The purpose was to investigate whether an increased amount of training while carrying the rifle affects skiing in well-trained biathletes at submaximal and maximal workloads during a pre-season period lasting a minimum of 12 weeks.methods Seventeen well-trained biathletes(9 females,8 males)were assigned to an intervention(IG,n=10)or control(CG,n=7)group.Before(T1)and after(T2)the training intervention all participants performed,using treadmill roller-skiing,a submaximal test without the rifle on one day and two submaximal workloads and a maximal time trial(TT)with the rifle on a subsequent day.Between T1 and T2 all participants performed a minimum of 12 weeks of normal training,the only difference between groups being that IG performed more of their training sessions carrying the rifle.Results IG performed more training compared to CG(15.4±1.1 vs.11.2±2.6 h/week,Pmount of training with the rifle(3.1±0.6 vs.1.1±0.3 h/week,Pmmol/L of blood lactate increased significantly for CG from T1 to T2(P=0.028),while only tended to increase for IG(P=0.058).Performance during the TT,VO2max and the aerobic metabolic rate increased significantly from T1 to T2,although the differences disappeared when including the speed at baseline as a covariate.Conclusion According to the present results,increasing training while carrying the rifle by 2 h/week does not appear to improve skiing performance in well-trained biathletes.In addition,physiological markers at submaximal and maximal intensities while carrying the rifle were not affected after the training intervention.

关键词： Anaerobic energy contribution Gross efficiency Lactate threshold Nordic skiing Oxygen uptake Training intervention

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Standard method design considerations for semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in oil sands process affected water by mass spectrometry： A review

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 497-507页

作者： Kevin A. Kovalchik matthew S. macLennan kerry m. Peru John V. Headley David D.Y. Chen Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division Water Science and Technology Directorate Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Saskatoon SK S7N 3H5 Canada

Naphthenic acids are a complex class of thousands of naturally occurring aliphatic and alicyclic carboxylic acids found in oil sands bitumen and in the wastewater generated from bitumen processing. Dozens of analytical methods have been developed for the semiquantification of total naphthenic acids in water samples. However, different methods can give different results, prompting investigation into the comparability of the many methods. A review of important methodological features for analyzing total naphthenic acids is presented and informs the design of future standard methods for the semi- quantification of total naphthenic acids using mass spectrometry. The design considerations presented are a synthesis of discussions from an Environment and Climate Change Canada （ECCC） led taskforce of 10 laboratory experts from government, industry and academia during April 2016 and subsequent discussions between University of British Columbia and ECCC representatives. matters considered are： extraction method, solvent, pH, and temperature; analysis instrumentation and resolution; choice of calibration standards; use of surrogate and internal standards; and use of online or offline separation prior to analysis. The design considerations are amenable to both time-of-flight and Orbitrap mass spectrometers.

关键词： total naphthenic acids environmental samples oil sands process affected water polar organics mass spectrometry

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金属核及氧化铈的物理化学性质对一氧化碳氧化的影响

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2020年第6期41卷 951-962页

作者： Linxi Wang Shyam Deo kerry Dooley michael J.Janik Robert m.Rioux 宾夕法尼亚州立大学化工系大学园PA 16801美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学化学系大学园PA 16801美国路易斯安那州立大学化工系巴顿鲁日LA 70803美国

氧化铈独特的氧化还原性能使其适合用作氧化反应中的催化剂或载体.氧化铈负载的过渡金属纳米粒子或孤立的单原子提供了金属-载体界面,从而降低了去除界面氧原子的能耗,提供了可以参与manVanKulvian氧化过程的活性氧物种.CO氧化是测试氧... 详细信息

氧化铈独特的氧化还原性能使其适合用作氧化反应中的催化剂或载体.氧化铈负载的过渡金属纳米粒子或孤立的单原子提供了金属-载体界面,从而降低了去除界面氧原子的能耗,提供了可以参与manVanKulvian氧化过程的活性氧物种.CO氧化是测试氧化铈负载催化剂还原性的主要探针反应,并且它常见于在相对低温下消除CO的各种应用中.在过量H2中优先氧化CO(PROX)反应可控制CO浓度达到超低水平,以防止氢氧化电催化剂中毒.催化剂在CO氧化反应中的活性和在PROX反应中对CO和H2的选择性取决于金属物种的种类和分散性、CeO2的结构和化学性质以及催化剂的合成方法.在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近发表的关于CeO2负载的金属纳米粒子和单原子催化CO氧化和PROX反应的相关工作;以及不同的负载金属和同种金属在普通CeO2表面上的反应性.我们还总结了密度泛函理论计算中提出的最可能的反应机理;并且讨论了各种负载型金属在PROX反应中影响CO氧化选择性的因素.

关键词：氧化铈 CO氧化金属纳米粒子单原子 PROX

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