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The role of active case finding in reducing patient incurred catastrophic costs for tuberculosis in Nepal

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 61-75页

作者： Suman Chandra Gurung Kritika Dixit Bhola Rai Maxine Caws Puskar Raj Paudel Raghu Dhital Shraddha Acharya Gangaram Budhathoki Deepak Malla Jens W.Levy Job van Rest Knut Lonnroth kerri viney Andrew Ramsay Tom Wingfield Buddha Basnyat Anil Thapa Bertie Squire Duolao Wang Gokul Mishra Kashim Shah Anil Shrestha Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Birat Nepal Medical Trust KathmanduNepal Department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The HagueNetherlands Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Research School of Population Health Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia University of St Andrews St AndrewsUK University of Liverpool LiverpoolUK Oxford University Clinical Research Unit KathmanduNepal National Tuberculosis Centre BhaktapurNepal Nick Simons Institute LalitpurNepal Institute for Health Technology Assessment Porto AlegreBrazil

Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)End TB Strategy has established a milestone to reduce the number of tuberculosis(TB)-affected households facing catastrophic costs to zero by *** role of active case finding(ACF)in reducing patient costs has not been determined *** study therefore aimed to compare costs incurred by TB patients diagnosed through ACF and passive case finding(PCF),and to determine the prevalence and intensity of patient-incurred catastrophic costs in ***:The study was conducted in two districts of Nepal:Bardiya and Pyuthan(Province No.5)between June and August *** hundred patients were included in this study in a 1:1 ratio(PCF:ACF,25 consecutive ACF and 25 consecutive PCF patients in each district).The WHO TB patient costing tool was applied to collect information from patients or a member of their family regarding indirect and direct medical and non-medical *** costs were calculated based on the proportion of patients with total costs exceeding 20%of their annual household *** intensity of catastrophic costs was calculated using the positive overshoot *** chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare proportions and ***,the Mantel Haenszel test was performed to assess the association between catastrophic costs and type of ***:Ninety-nine patients were interviewed(50 ACF and 49 PCF).Patients diagnosed through ACF incurred lower costs during the pre-treatment period(direct medical:USD 14 vs USD 32,P=0.001;direct non-medical:USD 3 vs USD 10,P=0.004;indirect,time loss:USD 4 vs USD 13,P<0.001).The cost of the pre-treatment and intensive phases combined was also lower for direct medical(USD 15 vs USD 34,P=0.002)and non-medical(USD 30 vs USD 54,P=0.022)costs among ACF *** prevalence of catastrophic direct costs was lower for ACF patients for all thresholds.A lower intensity of catastrophic costs was also documented for ACF patients,altho

关键词： Tuberculosis Case finding Cost Catastrophic cost Patient-incurred cost Nepal

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Does a shift in shade tolerance as suggested by seedling morphology explain differences in regeneration success of northern red oak in native and introduced ranges?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 949-962页

作者： Peter Nosko kerri Moreau Christian Kuehne Kelly C.Major Jürgen Bauhus Department of Biology and Chemistry Nipissing UniversityNorth BayONP1B 8L7Canada Chair of Silviculture Freiburg University79085FreiburgGermany Division of Forestry and Forest Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchP.O.Box 1151431ÅsNorway Tulloch Engineering 1942 Regent StUnit LSudburyONP3E 5V5Canada

Across North America, forests dominated by Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak), a moderately shade-tolerant tree species, are undergoing successional replacement by shade-tolerant competitors. Under closed canopies, Q. rubra seedlings are unable to compete with these shade-tolerant species and do not recruit to upper forest strata. In Europe, natural regeneration of introduced Q. rubra is often successful despite the absence of fire, which promotes regeneration in the native range. Considering that understorey light availability is a major factor affecting recruitment of seedlings, we hypothesized that Q. rubra seedlings are more shade tolerant in the introduced range than in the native range. Morphological traits and biomass allocation patterns of seedlings indicative of shade tolerance were compared for Q. rubra and three co-occurring native species in two closed-canopy forests in the native range (Ontario, Canada) and introduced range (Baden-Württemburg, Germany). In the native range, Q. rubra allocated a greater proportion of biomass to roots, while in the introduced range, growth and allocation patterns favored the development of leaves. Q. rubra seedlings had greater annual increases in height, diameter and biomass in the introduced range. Q. rubra seedlings in the introduced range were also younger;however, they had a mean area per leaf and a total leaf area per seedling that were five times greater than seedlings in the native range. Such differences in morphological traits and allocation patterns support the hypothesis that Q. rubra expresses greater shade tolerance in the introduced range, and that natural regeneration of Q. rubra is not as limited by shade as in the native range. The ability of Q. rubra seedlings to grow faster under closed canopies in Europe may explain the discrepancy in regeneration success of this species in native and introduced ranges. Future research should confirm findings of this study over a greater geographical range in native

关键词： Alien species Cross-continental study Forest regeneration Introduced species Seedling morphology Plant functional traits Quercus rubra

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Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer’s disease: the complex roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： Sophie C. Gray kerri J. Kinghorn Nathaniel S. Woodling Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of *** increased prevalence in developed countries,due to the sharp rise in ageing populations,presents one of the costliest challenges to modern *** order to find disease-modifying therapies to confront this challenge,a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is *** studies have revealed increasing evidence for the roles played by microglia,the resident innate immune system cells of the *** the well-established roles of microglia in reacting to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli,there is now a growing literature describing both protective and detrimental effects for individual cytokines and chemokines produced by microglia in Alzheimer's disease.A smaller but increasing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by microglial neurotrophic and neurogenic factors,and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's *** we review recent findings on the roles played by microglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's *** each case,landmark studies have provided evidence for the divergent ways in which microglia can either promote neuronal function and survival,or perturb neuronal function,leading to cell *** many cases,the secreted molecules of microglia can lead to divergent effects depending on the magnitude and context of microglial *** suggests that microglial functions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to support healthy neuronal function,and that the cellular microenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balance,leading to ***,an understanding of microglial homeostasis,both in health and across the trajectory of the disease state,will improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of microglial-base

关键词： adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease IGF-1 microglia neuroinflammation Trem2

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Retransplantation for graft failure in chronic hepatitis C infection: A good use of a scarce resource?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第40期16卷 5070-5076页

作者： Ian A Rowe kerri M Barber Rhiannon Birch Elinor Curnow James M Neuberger Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Blood and Transplant

AIM: To investigate the outcome of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection undergoing liver retransplantation. METHODS: Using the UK National Registry, patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCV-related liver disease were identified. Data on patient and graft characteristics, as well as transplant and graft survival were collected to determine the outcome of HCV patients undergoing retransplantation and in order to identify factors associated with transplant survival. RESULTS: Between March 1994 and December 2007, 944 adult patients were transplanted for HCV-related liver disease. At the end of follow-up, 617 of these patients were alive. In total, 194 (21%) patients had first graft failure and of these, 80 underwent liver retransplantation, including 34 patients where the first graft failed due to recurrent disease. For those transplanted for HCV-related disease, the 5-year graft survival in those retransplanted for recurrent HCV was 45% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24%-64%] compared with 80% (95% CI: 62%-90%) for those retransplanted for other indications (P = 0.01, log-rank test); the 5-year transplant survival after retransplantation was 43% (95% CI: 23%-62%) and 46% (95% CI: 31%-60%), respectively (P = 0.8, log-rank test). In univariate analysis of all patients retransplanted, no factor analyzed was significantly associated with transplant survival. CONCLUSION: Outcomes for retransplantation in patients with HCV infection approach agreed criteria for minimum transplant benefit. These data support selective liver retransplantation in patients with HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver Recurrence Retransplantation Outcome

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The emerging role of autophagic-lysosomal dysfunction in Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第3期12卷 380-384页

作者： kerri J.Kinghorn Amir M.Asghari Jorge Iván Castillo-Quan Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK Institute of Neurology University College LondonLondonUK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience King's College LondonMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience InstituteLondonUK London Central&West Unscheduled Care Collaborative St.Charles Centre for Health and WellbeingExmoor Street StCharles HospitalLondonUK Research Division Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonMAUSA Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Gaucher disease（GD）,the commonest lysosomal storage disorder,results from the lack or functional deficiency of glucocerebrosidase（GCase） secondary to mutations in the GBA1 *** is an established association between GBA1 mutations and Parkinson＇s disease（PD）,and indeed GBA1 mutations are now considered to be the greatest genetic risk factor for *** lysosomal-autophagic degradation of cellular proteins,including α-synuclein（α-syn）,is implicated in the pathogenesis of PD,and there is increasing evidence for this also in GD and *** we have recently shown in a Drosophila model lacking neuronal GCase,that there are clear lysosomal-autophagic defects in association with synaptic loss and *** addition,we demonstrated alterations in mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1（mTORC1） signaling and functional rescue of the lifespan,locomotor defects and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress on treatment of GCase-deficient flies with the mT OR inhibitor ***,a number of other recent studies have shown autophagy-lysosomal system（ALS） dysfunction,with specific defects in both chaperone-mediated autophagy（CMA）,as well as macroautophagy,in GD and GBA1-PD model *** we discuss the possible therapeutic benefits of inhibiting mT OR using drugs such as rapamycin to reverse the autophagy defects in GD and PD.

关键词： Gaucher disease Parkinson's disease Drosophila autophagy lysosome glucocerebrosidase GBA

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Natural Painkiller Found in Saliva

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科技英语学习 2007年第1期 2-4页

作者： kerri Smith 陈静

法国巴黎巴斯德研究所专家发现人类唾液中的一种物质有止痛作用,其止痛效果远远超过吗啡。研究人员把这种物质命名为“Opiorphin”。动物试验显示,这种在人体中自然产生的物质,其止痛效果是吗啡的6倍。研究人员发现,它能带动人体自身的... 详细信息

法国巴黎巴斯德研究所专家发现人类唾液中的一种物质有止痛作用,其止痛效果远远超过吗啡。研究人员把这种物质命名为“Opiorphin”。动物试验显示,这种在人体中自然产生的物质,其止痛效果是吗啡的6倍。研究人员发现,它能带动人体自身的防御系统对抗疼痛。此外,这种物质的分子结构简单,容易人工合成,无需从唾液中分离,就可大量生产。研究人员希望这一发现能尽快用于临床治疗。不过研究人员也指出,对于其止痛效果还需进一步测试,以确定这种物质是否有副作用。

关键词： Natural Painkiller Found in Saliva

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太极拳对于老年癌症幸存者的作用:减缓瘤症治疗引起的残疾、跌倒、心脏病的加速发展(英文)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第1期3卷 52-57+1+65页

作者： kerri M.Winters-Stone School of Nursing and Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University

美国目前有超过1 370万癌症幸存者,预计这一数字将会在未来10年增加31%,医疗保健体系中将新增400万癌症幸存者。癌症在很大程度上与衰老相关,人口衰老会急剧增加老年癌症幸存者比例,其中很多是长期幸存者(确诊后5年)。本文综述了运动可... 详细信息

美国目前有超过1 370万癌症幸存者,预计这一数字将会在未来10年增加31%,医疗保健体系中将新增400万癌症幸存者。癌症在很大程度上与衰老相关,人口衰老会急剧增加老年癌症幸存者比例,其中很多是长期幸存者(确诊后5年)。本文综述了运动可能改善残疾、跌倒、心脏病的作用,这3种健康问题对老年癌症幸存者和医疗保健体系尤为重要,因为这些与衰老相关的问题会因为癌症治疗而加剧。虽然有多种运动形式及其改编版本,太极拳可能是减缓衰老、解决癌症相关问题的最佳选择。对非癌症患者的老年人的研究显示,太极拳能引起骨骼肌和有氧代谢适应,而且由于耗能低、运动模式缓慢而易于让老年人完成。由于癌症幸存者大多年老、不活跃,经常因为治疗的副作用而行动受限,他们需要安全实用且有效的运动形式。当前缺少已发表的研究太极拳减缓癌症治疗相关的骨骼肌和心血管副作用的对照实验,可见,在探索应用这种非西方运动形式改善老年癌症幸存者的长期结果方面存在相当多的研究机遇。

关键词：衰老癌症幸存者化学疗法运动肿瘤体力活动生理机能太极拳

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Accelerated intermetallic phase amorphization in a Mg-based high-entropy alloy powder

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1792-1798页

作者： Prince Sharma Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi kerri-Lee Chintersingh Mirko Schoenitz Edward L.Dreizin Sz-Chian Liou Ganesh Balasubramanian Institute for Functional Materials&Devices Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Center of Materials for Advanced Energetics New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA

We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical *** presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy *** from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic *** transformation,characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder,lattice expansion,and the presence of nanograin boundaries,signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic ***,this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational *** atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing.

关键词： High-entropy alloy High-energy milling Antisite disorder Amorphous Intermetallic

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“Mix and Match”Proteins Found Rearranged peptides may play big role in immunity

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当代外语研究 2006年第10期 7-8页

作者： kerri Smith 何珊

蛋白质的性质似乎要比生物学家们所想的更加复杂多变。美国西雅图州癌症研究中心的人员发现不仅癌变细胞能够对蛋白质分子进行"切割"和重组,甚至连正常的细胞也能够如此。细胞所具有的这种能力不仅能够提高生物自身的免疫力,而且有助于... 详细信息

蛋白质的性质似乎要比生物学家们所想的更加复杂多变。美国西雅图州癌症研究中心的人员发现不仅癌变细胞能够对蛋白质分子进行"切割"和重组,甚至连正常的细胞也能够如此。细胞所具有的这种能力不仅能够提高生物自身的免疫力,而且有助于研究人员了解免疫系统是如何重组那些受过细菌或病毒攻击的细胞。

关键词：蛋白质分子细胞核重组物自身癌变细胞免疫系统免疫力西雅图病毒攻击研究中心

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Effect of Long-Term Soil Management on the Mutual Interaction Among Soil Organic Matter, Microbial Activity and Aggregate Stability in a vineyard

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 288-298页

作者： Sergio A.BELMONTE Luisella CELI Ruby J.STAHEL Eleonora BONIFACIO Vittorino NOVELLO Ermanno ZANINI kerri L.STEENWERTH Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences Turin University USDA-ARS Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit

vineyard management practices to enhance soil conservation principally focus on increasing carbon(C)input,whereas mitigating impacts of disturbance through reduced tillage has been rarely ***,information is lacking on the effects of soil management practices adopted in the under-vine zone on soil *** this work,we evaluated the long-term effects(22 years)of alley with a sown cover crop and no-tillage(S+NT),alley with a sown cover crop and tillage(S+T),and under-vine zone with no vegetation and tillage(UV)on soil organic matter(SOM),microbial activity,aggregate stability,and their mutual interactions in a California vineyard in *** biomass,microbial biomass and activity,organic C and nitrogen(N)pools,and SOM size fractionation and aggregate stability were *** characteristics only partially reflected the differences in vegetation biomass *** C and N pools and microbial biomass/activity in S+NT were higher than those in S+T,while the values in UV were intermediate between the other two ***,S+NT also exhibited higher particulate organic matter C in *** differences were found in POM C between S+T and UV,but the POM fraction in S+T was characterized by fresher *** stability was decreased in the order:S+NT>UV>S+***,even if shallow and performed infrequently,had a negative effect on organic C and N pools and aggregate ***,the combination of a sown cover crop and reduced tillage still limited SOM accumulation and reduced aggregate stability in the surface soil layer of vineyards,suggesting relatively lower resistance of soils to erosion compared to no-till systems.

关键词： loamy Ultisol microbial biomass permanent grass soil organic matter fractionation soil respiration tillage vegetationbiomass

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