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North Pacific Month to Month SST Change.

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Natural Scie.ce 2014年第14期6卷 1179-1185页

作者： kern e. kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar USA

Month to month change. in the.SST of the.North Pacific, on the.e.ste.n side.at mid-latitude., are.studie. base. on 30 ye.rs of ship-inje.tion te.pe.ature.. Along both 40 and 35 N the.SST maximum shifts we.t in summe., but it starts we.t at 35 N two months soone. than at 40 N. In July the.maximum at 40 N is at the.same.location as the.maximum at 35 N was in June. 155 W. Since.the.longitudinal SST maximum in the.e.ste.n North Pacific has pre.iously be.n ide.tifie. as the.signature.of a ve.y wide. warm and sluggish curre.t pe.mane.tly flowing northe.st off California, the.month to month SST change. are.use. to e.timate.its me.n spe.d: 10 - 20 cm/se.. Also the.month to month SST change. indicate.that in summe. a ne. body of warm wate. goe. north, in a pulse. like.move.e.t, to the.we.t of the.e.isting wide.warm curre.t. This is consiste.t with the.ne.d of the.we.te.n e.uatorial oce.n to e.port more.he.t northward out of the.tropics in summe. due.to the.incre.se. absorption of solar radiation in the.surface.laye. in that se.son.

关键词： North Pacific SST Longitudinal Maximum Month to Month Change.

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Be.ie.ing Be.noulli

Natural Scie.ce 2018年第4期10卷 142-150页

作者： kern e. kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar USA

e.ght se.arate.applications of Be.noulli’s e.uation to fluid flows are.re.ie.e.. A possibility that Be.noulli’s law was anticipate., some.300 ye.rs e.rlie., by Le.nardo da Vinci is pointe. out as we.l as e.nste.n’s use.of the.e.uation for e.e.e.tary e.planations of se.e.al fluid motions. One.e.ample.of how a classical mathe.atical te.hnique.applie. to the.standard the.re.ical de.cription of the.surface.gravity wave.inadve.te.tly oblite.ate. Be.noulli’s physics is re.orte.. In the.atmosphe.e.a proposal is made.that Be.noulli’s law he.ps to unde.stand the.low pre.sure.inside.a tornado.

关键词： Be.noulli’s Law Re.ie.e.

Ce.trifugal force. an appre.iation

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Natural Scie.ce 2011年第7期3卷 633-639页

作者： kern e. kenyon 不详

The.ce.trifugal force.is use. to incre.se.the.physical unde.standing of five.e.ample. take. from fluid dynamics, ge.physics and the.solar syste., as we.l as four hypothe.ical orbital proble.s. e.ch e.ample.involve. a balance.of force. be.we.n the.ce.trifugal force.and one.or two othe. force., such as a pre.sure.gradie.t and a compone.t of the.force.of gravity. Among the.e.ample. chose. for e.amination are. the.orbital motion of fluid particle. in surface.grav-ity wave., the.boundary laye. characte. of ste.dy flow ne.t to a curve. rigid surface. the.tornado, the.rotating se.f-gravitating mass and the.thre.-body proble..

关键词： Ce.trifugal Force

SW Origin of North Pacific’s Wide.Warm Surface.Curre.t

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Natural Scie.ce 2018年第6期10卷 193-198页

作者： kern e. kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar USA

The.e.is a long and wide.continuous trough of de.p mixe. laye.s conne.ting the.tropical we.te.n North Pacific Oce.n with the.offshore.wate.s of the.coast of California. Re.ative.y warm wate. that is ne.rly uniform ve.tically fills the.trough, which is conclude. he.e.to be.a northe.stward flow joining the.wide.warm surface.curre.t at mid-latitude. off California docume.te. e.rlie.. e.i-de.ce.for the.trough come. from a North Pacific atlas base. on ve.y many indi-vidual mixe. laye. de.th data points, take. ove. a 27-ye.r pe.iod, compile. (av-e.age.) in monthly me.n charts with contours of constant mixe. laye. de.th dis-playe.. BTs (bathythe.mographs) we.e.use. to re.ord te.pe.ature.ve.sus de.th continuously from which the.mixe. laye. de.ths we.e.de.e.mine.. Ce.te.line.curve., conne.ting the.de.pe.t mixe. laye. de.ths, which approximate.the.mid-dle.of the.troughs, are.constructe. from the.atlas and are.pre.e.te. for all twe.ve.months. In going from we.t to e.st, the.e.curve. be.d counte.clockwise. gradu-ally most of the.way the. more.marke.ly ne.r California. The.curve. for the.summe. months come.close. to California than any of the.othe. one. do, sugge.t-ing that the.warm curre.t itse.f is ne.re.t to California in summe.. Confirmation of the.pre.iction awaits future.e.forts.

关键词： North Pacific Oce.n Wide Warm Surface Flow Origin: We.te.n Tropics

Northwe.t Indian Oce.n’s Spring Cooling

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Natural Scie.ce 2014年第10期6卷 760-766页

作者： kern e. kenyon Re.ire. 4632 North Lane Del Mar USA

A major cooling down of the.northwe.te.n Indian Oce.n’s surface. including the.Arabian Se., starts in May, according to a we.l-known world atlas of SSTs. This is be.ore.the.southwe.t monsoon which usually be.ins in June. Also within one.ye.r, the.e.are.two surface.te.pe.ature.maxima and two minima, which is not typical for the.northe.n he.isphe.e. A surface.curre.t, coole. than the.surrounding wate., crosse. the.e.uator in April and May he.ding north and e.st on the.we.te.n side.of the.oce.n. That proposal is consiste.t with the.give. SST information. The.warme. surrounding wate. is the. move. to e.st and south as a conse.ue.ce. Since.wind driving is not available.for initiation, the.re.ative.y cool northe.stward curre.t is thought to be.cause. by a the.mohaline.force.re.ate. to the.unstable.northward te.pe.ature.gradie.t in the.we.t, which is of constant sign right across the.e.uator be.inning in May: cool in the.south monotonically incre.sing to warm in the.north.

关键词： Indian Oce.n Spring Cooling

Non-Se.sonal SSTs of the.We.te.n Tropical North Pacific

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Natural Scie.ce 2015年第13期7卷 605-612页

作者： kern e. kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar CA USA

Se.sonal change. in SSTs are.ve.y small in the.we.te.n tropical North Pacific, in spite.of the.fact that significantly more.solar radiation pe. unit time.and pe. unit are. is absorbe. by the.surface.laye. in summe. than in winte. and mainly at lowe. latitude.. The.e.ore. an e.ficie.t he.t transport me.hanism must be.ope.ating to ke.p up with the.solar input. Se. surface.te.pe.ature. from a world atlas are.analyze. whe.e.it is found that the.are.s be.we.n the.80 and 82.5 F contours and the.e.uator have.marke. se.sonal variations: incre.sing in spring and summe. as the.contours move.north, the. de.re.sing in fall and winte. as the.contours re.urn south. Be.we.n winte. and summe., the.are. unde. the.80 F contour double. in size. The.incre.se.of surface.are.s is like.y due.to the.incre.se.of absorption of solar radiation. Whe. the.are.s de.re.se.with time. the.infe.re. he.t in the.surface.laye. must go some.he.e. Argume.ts consiste.t with the.available.data sugge.t that the.accumulate. he.t in spring and summe. is adve.te. north out of the.tropics. The.surface.te.pe.ature.gradie.t, re.ate. to the.driving force.for the.flow, compute. be.we.n the.contours and the.Ale.tian Islands, incre.se. slowly from January to June.but the. incre.se. much faste. till Se.te.be., afte. which it rapidly de.re.se. again. It is conje.ture. that cold surface.wate. from the.subarctic surge. south be.inning in June.causing a warm tropical wate. pulse.simultane.usly to go north. The.large.volume.of high te.pe.ature.wate. of the.surface.laye. in the.we.te.n tropical North Pacific is thought to be.the.source.of the.pe.mane.t northward wide.warm curre.t off California as we.l as the.additional northward warm surge.in summe., both of which have.be.n e.tablishe. pre.iously on the.basis of ve.y many obse.vations.

关键词： Summe. Warm Surge North Pacific Oce.n

Southward surface.flow in the.ce.tral South Pacific

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Natural Scie.ce 2012年第11期4卷 819-824页

作者： kern e. kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar USA

A large.scale.surface.flow with a southward compone.t is propose. for the.ce.tral South Pacific Oce.n base. on an inte.pre.ation of e.isting close.y space. and accurate.y me.sure. te.pe.ature. and salinitie. along two latitude. in two diffe.e.t southe.n he.isphe.e.winte.s: 28o S (Scorpio) and five.de.re.s south of that (WOCe.. Such a southward flow is not pre.icte. from the.ry nor is it shown on curre.t charts and globe.. The.obse.ve. longitudinal maximum in surface.te.pe.ature.along 28o S is ce.te.e. around 130o W and has an amplitude.of at le.st 5o C and an e.st/we.t range.of about 60o of longitude. This striking fe.ture.is most e.sily e.plaine. by horizontal transport from latitude. close. to the.e.uator. Since.te.pe.ature.atlase. show that e.uatorial surface.te.pe.ature. are.always highe.t in the.we.t, the.origin of the.warm wate. probably is toward the.we.te.n side.of the.oce.n as we.l. Thus the.surface.flow surrounding the.longitudinal te.pe.ature.maximum should be.dire.te. to the.southe.st. Whe.e.the.surface.te.pe.ature. are.maximum the.mixe. laye. de.ths are.re.ative.y large.in a conve. downward le.s with maximum de.ths of 100 m;a corre.ation that is consiste.t with warm wate. moving south and be.ng coole. from above. Salinitie. are.maximum ne.r the.te.pe.ature.maximum, also sugge.ting that the.source.of the.surface.flow is at low latitude., whe.e.e.aporation is usually e.pe.te. to e.ce.d pre.ipitation. It is conje.ture. that the.large.scale.southe.stward flow of the.South Pacific is the.analogue.of the.northe.stward wide.warm curre.t off California docume.te. ove. 30 ye.rs ago.

关键词： Southward Surface Flow Ce.tral South Pacific

Se.ond Summe. in NW Indian Oce.n

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Natural Scie.ce 2017年第8期9卷 245-250页

作者： kern e. kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar San Diego USA

Two inde.e.de.t SST atlase. have.confirme. that the.e.is a double.se.sonal signal in the.surface.laye. of the.northwe.te.n Indian Oce.n. The.are. e.close. by the.80F isothe.m incre.se. from January to a maximum in May followe. by a de.re.se. a cool-down, to August, which has be.n e.plaine. re.e.tly. The. the.e.is a se.ond maximum of warm surface.are. in Octobe./Nove.be., calle. a “se.ond summe.” for conve.ie.ce. A hypothe.is is propose. to e.plain this unusual se.ond summe. fe.ture.by e.trapolating from available.data. During July, August and Se.te.be., the.se. le.e. slope. downward from the.e.uator to the.north providing a horizontal force.to drive.the.warm surface.wate. accumulate. in the.e.uatorial re.ion back into the.NW Indian Oce.n basin. Ne. obse.vations are.ne.de. to che.k up on the.hypothe.is.

关键词： NW Indian Oce.n Bi-Se.sonal SSTs Se.ond Summe. in Fall

The.mal Conve.tion in the.North Pacific High Pre.sure.Ce.l

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Natural Scie.ce 2020年第7期12卷 516-519页

作者： kern e. kenyon 4632 North Lane Del Mar USA

If it is acce.te. that the.mal conve.tion consiste.tly take. place.inside.the.North Pacific High, as propose. he.e. the. the.e.iste.ce.of the.NPH, as we.l as its se.sonal variation, will be.e.plaine. simultane.usly, building on an e.rlie. atte.pt. More.obse.vations than available.at pre.e.t would he.p prove.that the.mal conve.tion happe.s and pin down its characte.istics, since.it is not visible. Also the.physics of how the.mal conve.tion produce. re.ative.y high pre.sure.at se. le.e. ne.ds work.

关键词： North Pacific High The.mal Conve.tion