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The Integrity of the Plant Golgi Apparatus Depends on Cell Growth-Controlled Activity of GNL1

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 905-915页

作者： Wenyan Du kentaro tamura Giovanni Stefano Federica Brandizzi MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Botany Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan

Membrane traffic and organelle integrity in the plant secretory pathway depend on ARF-GTPases, which are activated by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors （ARF-GEFs）. While maintenance of conserved roles, evolution of unique functions as well as tissue-specific roles have been shown for a handful of plant ARF-GEFs, a fundamental yet unanswered question concerns the extent to which their function overlaps during cell growth. To address this, we have characterized pao, a novel allele of GNOM-like 1 （GNL1）, a brefeldin A （BFA）-insensitive ARF-GEF, isolated through a confocal microscopy-based forward genetics screen of the Golgi in Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, we have analyzed the dependence of the integrity of trafficking routes and secretory organelles on GNL1 availability during expansion stages of cotyledon epidermal cells, an exquisite model system for vegetative cell growth analyses in intact tissues. We show that Golgi traffic is influenced largely by GNL1 availability at early stages of cotyledon cell expansion but by BFA- sensitive GEFs when cell growth terminates. These data reveal an unanticipated level of complexity in the biology of GNL1 by showing that its cellular roles are correlated with cell growth. These results also indicate that the cell growth stage is an important element weighting into functional analyses of the cellular roles of ARF-GEFs.

关键词： ARF-GEFs Golgi Arabidopsis GNL1 brefeldin A.

BEACH-Domain Proteins Act Together in a Cascade to Mediate Vacuolar Protein Trafficking and Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第3期8卷 389-398页

作者： Ooi-kock Teh Noriyuki Hatsugai kentaro tamura kentaro Fuji Ryo Tabata Katsushi Yamaguch Shuji Shingenobu Masashi Yamada Mitsuyasu Hasebe Shinichiro Sawa Tomoo Shimada Ikuko Hara-Nishimura Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Research Centre for Cooperative Projects Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8638 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan Functional Genomics Facility National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Department of Biology and IGSP Center for Systems Biology Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA Division of Evolutionary Biology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki 444-8585 Japan School of Life Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Present address: Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Centre ofPlant Biology Uppsala SE-75007 Sweden present address: Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA Present address: RIKEN Innovation Center RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan

Membrane trafficking to the protein storage vacuole （PSV） is a specialized process in seed plants. However, this trafficking mechanism to PSV is poorly understood. Here, we show that three types of Beige and Chediak-Higashi （BEACH）-domain proteins contribute to both vacuolar protein transport and effector- triggered immunity （ETI）. We screened a green fluorescent seed （GFS） library of Arabidopsis mutants with defects in vesicle trafficking and isolated two allelic mutants gfs3 and gfs12 with a defect in seed pro- tein transport to PSV. The gene responsible for the mutant phenotype was found to encode a putative pro- tein belonging to group D of BEACH-domain proteins, which possess kinase domains. Disruption of other BEACH-encoding loci in the gfs12 mutant showed that BEACH homologs acted in a cascading manner for PSV trafficking. The epistatic genetic interactions observed among BEACH homologs were also found in the ETI responses of the gfs12 and gfs12 bchb-1 mutants, which showed elevated avirulent bacterial growth. The GFS12 kinase domain interacted specifically with the pleckstrin homology domain of BchCl. These results suggest that a cascade of multiple BEACH-domain proteins contributes to vacuolar protein transport and plant defense.

关键词： BEACH-domain protein Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar protein transport protein storage vacuoles,plant immunity

Can we go beyond INDCs： Analysis of a future mitigation possibility in China, Japan, EU and the U.S.

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2017年第2期8卷 117-122页

作者： JIANG Ke-Jun kentaro tamura Tatsuya HANAOKA Energy Research Institute (ERI) Beijing 100038 China Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Hayama 240-0115 Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Tsukuba 305-8506 Japan

The most important achievement in the Paris Agreement is to set up emission reduction target by commitment submitted by each country/ region with the form INDC. However the emission reduction target inside INDCs could not match with the emission pathway for the global to keep a global temperature rise this century well below 2 ℃ and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 ℃ above pre- industrial levels. It is important for countries to do more than their commitment in INDCs, especially in near term. This paper looks at the near term trend for possibilities for further emission reduction compared with INDCs, and found there do have the possibility. It concludes there is space for the four countries/regions to do more than their INDCs submitted to UNFCCC, and see the light towards to a global 2 ℃ target.

关键词： Climate change Mitigation INDC NDC COP21

Efficacy of endoluminal gastroplication in Japanese patients with proton pump inhibitor-resistant,non-erosive esophagitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5940-5947页

作者： kentaro Tokudome Yasushi Funaki Makoto Sasaki Shinya Izawa Yasuhiro tamura Akihito Iida Naotaka Ogasawara Toshihiro Konagaya Yoshifumi Tokura Kunio Kasugai Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineAichi 480-1195Japan Department of Clinical Laboratory Aichi Medical University School of MedicineAichi 480-1195Japan Marine Clinic NagoyaAichi 460-0002Japan Tokura Yoshifumi Stomach and Intestines Internal Medicine Clinic Kyoto 615-8256Japan

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of endoluminal gastroplication （ELGP） in pa- tients with proton pump inhibitor （PPI）-resistant, non- erosive reflux disease （NERD）. METHODS： The subjects were NERD patients, diag- nosed by upper endoscopy before PPI use, who had symptoms such as heartburn or reflux sensations two or more times a week even after 8 wk of full-dose PPI treatment. Prior to ELGP, while continuing full-dose PPImedication, patients＇ symptoms and quality of life （QOL） were assessed using the questionnaire for the diagno- sis of reflux disease, the frequency scale for symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease （FSSG）, gastroin- testinal symptoms rating scale, a 36-item short-form. In addition, 24-h esophageal pH monitoring or 24-h in- traesophageal pH/impedance （MII-pH） monitoring was performed. The Bard EndoCinchTM was used for ELGP, and 2 or 3 plications were made. After ELGP, all acid reducers were temporarily discontinued, and medica- tion was resumed depending on the development and severity of symptoms. Three mo after ELGP, symptoms, QOL, pH or MII-pH monitoring, number of plications, and PPI medication were evaluated. Further, symptoms, number of plications, and PPI medication were evalu- ated 12 mo after ELGP to investigate long-term effects. RESULTS： The mean FSSG score decreased signifi- cantly from before ELGP to 3 and 12 mo after ELGP （19.1 ：k 10.5 to 10.3 ＋ 7.4 and 9.3 ＋ 9.9, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. The total number of plications decreased gradually at 3 and 12 mo after ELGP （2.4 ＋ 0.8 to 1.2 ：l： 0.8 and 0.8 ：l： 1.0, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. The FSSG scores in cases with no remaining plications and in cases with one or more remaining plications were 4.4 and 2.7, respectively, after 3 too, and 2.0 and 2.8, respectively, after 12 mo, showing no correlation to plication loss. On pH monitoring, there was no differ- ence in the percent time pH 〈 4 from before ELGP to 3 mo after. Impedance monitoring revealed no changes

关键词： Endoluminal gastroplication EsophagealpH Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Non-erosive re-flux disease Proton pump inhibitor-resistant

Inhibition of gastric perception of mild distention by omeprazole in volunteers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5576-5580页

作者： Akihito Iida Hiroshi Kaneko Toshihiro Konagaya Yasushi Funaki kentaro Tokudome Shinya Izawa Yasuhiro tamura Mari Mizuno Naotaka Ogasawara Makoto Sasaki Kunio Kasugai Division of Gastroen-terology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineAichi Medical UniversityAichi 480-1195Japan Department of Internal Medicine Hoshigaoka Maternity HospitalAichi 464-0026Japan Marine Clinic NagoyaAichi 460-0002Japan

AIM： To evaluate the effects of omeprazole on gastric mechanosensitivity in humans. METHODS： A double lumen polyvinyl tube with a plas- tic bag was introduced into the stomach of healthy volunteers under fluorography and connected to a barostat device. Subjects were then positioned so they were sitting comfortably, and the minimal distending pressure （MDP） was determined after a 30-rain adap- tation period. Isobaric distensions were performed in stepwise increments of 2 mmHg （2 min each） starting from the MDR Subjects were instructed to score feel- ings at the end of every step using a graphic rating scale： 0, no perception; 1, weak/vague; 2, weak but significant; 3, moderate/vague; 4, moderate but signifi- cant; 5, severe discomfort; and 6, unbearable pain. Af- ter this first test, subjects received omeprazole （20 mg, after dinner） once daily for 1 wk. A second test was performed on the last day of treatment. RESULTS： No adverse effects were observed. Mean MDP before and after treatment was 6.3 - 0.3 mmHg and 6.2：1：0.5 mmHg, respectively. One subject before and 2 after treatment did not reach a score of 6 at the maximum bag volume of 750 mL. After omeprazole, there was a significant increase in the distension pres- sure required to reach scores of 1 （P = 0.019） and 2 （P = 0.017） as compared to baseline. There were no changes in pressure required to reach the other scores after treatment. Two subjects before and one after omeprazole rated their abdominal feeling 〈 1 at MDP, and mean （±SE） abdominal discomfort scores at MDP were 0.13±0.09 and 0.04±0.04, respectively. Mean scores induced by each MDP ＋ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 （mmHg） were 1.1±0.3, 2.0±0.4, 2.9±0.5, 3.3±0.4, 4.6±0.3, 5.2±0.3, 5.5±0.2, 5.5±0.3, 5.7±0.3, and 5.4, respectively. After omepra- zole, abdominal feeling scores for the same incremen- tal pressures over MDP were 0.3±0.1, 0.8±0.1, 2.0±0.4, 2.8±0.4, 3.8±0.4, 4.6±0.4, 4.9±0.3, 5.4±0.4, 5.2±0.6, and 5.0±1.0, respectively. A signif- icant

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Acid exposure Ome-prazole Barostat test Mechanosensitivity

Energy calibration of tagged photons by the d(γ,π^-pp) reaction

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第1期34卷 35-38页

作者：韩运成 Nobuyuki Chiga Yu Fujii Kenta Futatsukawa Osamu Hashimoto kentaro Hirose Takatsugu Ishikawa Hiroki Kanda Masashi Kaneta Daisuke Kawama Kazushige Maeda Tomofumi Maruta Nayuta Maruyama Akihiko Matsumura Youhei Miyagi Koji Miwa Satoshi N. Nakamura Hajime Shimizu Koutarou Shirotori Koutaku Suzuki Tadaaki Tamae Hirokazu tamura Kyo Tsukada 王铁山 Hirohito Yamazaki School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou University Department of Physics Tohoku University Laboratory of Nuclear Science Tohoku University

The energy of tagged photons, which were provided from the internal photon tagging system of the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University, has been calibrated using the d（γ,π-pp） reaction. Charged pions and protons in the final state were detected with the Neutral Kaon Spectrometer （NKS2）. Photon energies were obtained from the reaction of d（γ,π-pp）. The derived photon energy was consistent with the design of the tagger system and the previous measurement using electron-positron pair production. The consistency demonstrates the performance of NKS2 and the capability of the photon energy calibration using d（γ,π-pp）.

关键词： deuteron pion photoproduction tagged photon

Expression of Plectin-1 and Trichohyalin in Human Tongue Cancer Cells

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2018年第6期8卷 196-204页

作者： Isao tamura Katsura Ueda Tetsunari Nishikawa Aiko Kamada Tomoharu Okamura Yoshifumi Matsuda kentaro Ueno Yoshihiro Yoshikawa Eisuke Domae Kazuya Tominaga Shunji Kumabe Takashi Ikeo Akio Tanaka Department of Oral Anatomy School of Dentistry Osaka Dental University Hirakata Japan Department of Innovation in Dental Education School of Dentistry Osaka Dental University Hirakata Japan Department of Biochemistry School of Dentistry Osaka Dental University Hirakata Japan Department of Oral Pathology School of Dentistry Osaka Dental University Hirakata Japan Department of Pathology School of Dentistry Osaka Dental University Hirakata Japan

In basal squamous cells, plectin-1 interacts with intermediate filaments, whereas trichohyalin, which is distributed primarily in the medulla and inner root sheath cells of human hair follicles, plays a role in strengthening cells during keratinization. Although both cytoskeletal proteins occur in trace amounts in human tongue epithelial cells, there are minimal data on their expression in human tongue primary cancer cells. We therefore investigated the expression of plectin-1 and trichohyalin in human tongue epithelial cell line (DOK) and tongue cancer cell line (BICR31) using western blotting and FITC-labeled immunocytochemistry techniques. DOK and BICR31 cells were cultivated to subconfluence in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium containing 0.4 μg/ml of hydrocortisone and 10% fetal bovine serum, and the levels of trichohyalin and plectin-1 were determined by western blot analysis and immunocytochemical staining. Trichohyalin expression was clearly observed, with no differences between DOK and BICR31 cells. Although DOK cells expressed trace levels of plectin-1, obvious plectin-1 bands were detected in western blot analyses of BICR31 cells. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that trichohyalin and plectin-1 localize in the cytoplasm. Trichohyalin was diffusely distributed in both cell lines, and colocalization of trichohyalin and cytokeratin 1/10 was observed in almost all BICR31 cells. There were no correlations between western blot and immunocytochemical data for trichohyalin. Conversely, correlations in immunochemical reactions for plectin-1 were observed. Most DOK cells showed no localization of plectin-1, but strong reactions were detected in the cytoplasm of BICR31 cells. These results indicate that trichohyalin is expressed by cancerous tongue epithelial cells during various stages of malignancy and that plectin-1 provides an index of malignancy.

关键词： Tongue Cancer Plectin-1 Trichohyalin Diagnosis