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Biochar 2021年第2期3卷 213-227页

作者： Justine Cox Nguyen V.Hue Amjad Ahmad kent d.kobayashi Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences University of Hawaii3190 Maile WayHonoluluHI 96822USA Present Address:NSW department Primary Industries 1243 Bruxner HighwayWollongbarNSW 2477Australia

Many Hawaiian agricultural soils are acidic with low-nutrient retention;therefore,organic soil amendments are often used to improve soil properties and increase *** can be incorporated for annual crops,but perennial orchards need surface application to avoid damaging surface *** trials compared responses to incorporated(IBC)or surface-applied(SBC)combination of hardwood biochar and chicken manure compost(4%v/v of each amendment)added to an Andisol and *** pH was increased by 0.4-1.1 units in IBC and by 0.2-0.5 for SBC in the 0-10 cm soil *** SBC and IBC increased soil total N,extractable P,Ca and Mg in the 0-10 cm soil *** pH,total C and extractable Ca were also higher in the 10-20 cm soil layer for IBC soil,indicating movement and/or leaching of *** cabbage biomass was 18-70%higher in the IBC and 14-47%higher in the SBC than that in the unamended soil,while papaya biomass was 23%and 19%higher in SBC and IBC,*** was a greater response in the more acidic Andisol soil,with larger improvements in soil pH,plant nutrient uptake and root biomass than the *** application was as effective in increasing plant growth as the incorporated amendment,providing evidence for farm scale *** and compost are recommended for use in tropical soils,and surface application may be beneficial to annual and perennial crops.

关键词： Surface-applied Andisol Oxisol Carica papaya Brassica rapa chinensis Biochar

Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： Morten S.Hansen Kaja Madsen Maria Price kent Søe Yasunori Omata Mario M.Zaiss Caroline M.Gorvin Morten Frost Alexander Rauch Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory(KMEB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark department of Clinical Research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research(IMSR)and Centre for diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors(COMPARE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan department of Internal Medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(dZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Steno diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone *** novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment *** study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast *** were differentiated from Cd14+monocytes from eight female *** sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across *** patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density *** analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional *** donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLR1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature *** expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and *** regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(C5AR1),somatostatin receptor 2(SSTR2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAR4/GPR120).Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature *** conclus

关键词： osteoclast programming identif

Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie d.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and Molecular Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

An assessment of coal pillar system stability criteria based on a mechanistic evaluation of the interaction between coal pillars and the overburden

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 9-15页

作者： Reed Guy Mctyer kent Frith Russell Mine Advice Pry Ltd NewcastleNSW 2322Australia

Coal pillar design has historically assigned a factor of safety(Fo S) or stability factor(SF) according to their estimated strength and the assumed overburden load acting on them. Acceptable Fo S values have been assigned based on past mining experience or a statistical link between Fo S and probability of failure(Po F). Pillar width-to-height(w/h) ratio has long been established as having a material influence on both pillar strength and its potential failure mode. However, there has been significant disagreement on using both factor of safety(Fo S) and w/h as part of pillar system stability criterion, as compared to using Fo S in isolation. This paper will argue that there are valid technical reasons to bring w/h ratio into system stability criteria(other than its influence on pillar strength), as it is related to the post-failure stiffness of the pillar, as measured in situ, and its interaction with overburden stiffness. When overburden stiffness is also brought into pillar system stability considerations, two issues emerge. The first is the width-todepth(W/d) ratio of the panel and whether it is sub-critical or super-critical from a surface subsidence perspective. The second relates to a re-evaluation of pillar Fo S based on whether the pillar is in an elastic or non-elastic(i.e., post-yield) state in its as-designed condition, as this is relevant to maintaining overburden stiffness at the highest possible level. The significance of the model is the potential to maximise both reserve recovery and mining efficiencies without any discernible increase in geotechnical risk, particularly in thick seams and higher depth of cover mining situations. At a time when mining economics are, at best, marginal, removing potentially unnecessary design conservatism is of interest to all mine operators and is an important topic for discussion amongst the geotechnical community.

关键词： Coa] pillars Stability Overburden Post-failure behaviour Stability criteria

Human β-defensin-3 induction in H pylori-infected gastric mucosal tissues

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5793-5797页

作者： K Kawauchi A Yagihashi N Tsuji N Uehara d Furuya d.kobayashi N Watanabe department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan

AIM: To examine human β-defensin-3 (hBd-3) expression in inflamed gastric mucosal tissues or MKN45 gastric cancer cells with or without H pylori infection for better understanding the innate immune response to H pylori. METHOdS: We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemistry to examine hBd-3 expression in inflamed gastric mucosal tissues or MKN45 gastric cancer cells with or without H pylori. Effects of hBd-3 against H pylori were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean mRNA expression of hBd-3 in H pylori -positive specimens was significantly higher than that in H pylori-negative specimens (P = 0.0002, Mann-Whitney). In addition, unlike uninfected samples, 8 of 15 (53.33%) infected mucosal samples expressed hBd-3 protein. H pylori dose-dependently induced mRNA expression of hBd-3 in MKN45 cells, an effect inhibited by adding anti-toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 antibody. HBd-3 protein completely inhibited H pylori growth. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that like hBd-2, hBd-3 may be involved in the pathophysiology of H pylori-induced gastritis.

关键词： Human β-defensin-2 Human β-defensin-3 Hpylori Gastric mucosa

Measuring user preferences and behaviour in a topographic immersive virtual environment(TopoIVE)of 2d and 3d urban topographic data

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International Journal of digital Earth 2021年第12期14卷 1835-1867页

作者： Łukasz Halik Alexander J.kent department of Cartography and Geomatics Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland School of Psychology and Life Sciences Canterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyUK

This paper investigates user preferences and behaviour associated with 2d and 3d modes of urban representation within a novel Topographic Immersive Virtual Environment(TopoIVE)created from official 1:10,000 *** participants were divided into two groups:the first were given a navigational task within a simulated city and the second were given the freedom to explore it.A Head-Mounted display(HMd)Virtual Reality(VR)app allowed participants to switch between 2d and 3d representations of buildings with a remote controller and their use of these modes during the experiment was *** performed mental rotation tests before entering the TopoIVE and were interviewed afterwards about their experiences using the *** results indicate that participants preferred the 3d mode of representation overall,although preference for the 2d mode was slightly higher amongst those undertaking the navigational task,and reveal that different wayfinding solutions were adopted by participants according to their ***,the findings suggest that users exploit different aspects of 2d and 3d modes of visualization in their wayfinding strategy,regardless of their *** potential to combine the functionality of 2d and 3d modes therefore offers substantial opportunities for the development of immersive virtual reality products derived from topographic datasets.

关键词： Virtual reality(VR) immersive virtual environment(IVE) 2d versus 3d wayfinding topographic data

Light-Emitting diodes (LEds) for Miniature Hydroponic Lettuce

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第1期3卷 74-77页

作者： kent kobayashi Teresita Amore Michelle Lazaro Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences department University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu USA

There is growing concern about food safety, environmental impact, and efficient energy usage in agricultural production systems. Producing lettuce under artificial lighting could be a solution addressing these concerns. Light-emitting diodes (LEds) offer the advantages of a narrow light spectrum, low power consumption, and little heat production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different light sources on the growth of miniature “Tom Thumb” butterhead lettuce in a non-circulating hydroponic system. Lettuce seedlings, started in Oasis Horticubes, were transferred to net pots in containers with a hydroponic nutrient solution. The lettuce was grown in a lab under three light treatments—blue LEds, red LEds, and fluorescent lights. At the end of the study, fluorescent lights resulted in greater root dry weight than blue LEds and red LEds. Total plant dry weight under fluorescent lights was greater than under red LEds. There were no significant differences in shoot dry weight and plant height among the treatments. Percent partitioning of dry weight to shoots was greatest with red LEds, followed by blue LEdS, and fluorescent lights. Percent partitioning of dry weight to roots was greatest with fluorescent lights, followed by blue LEdS, and red LEds. Leaf chlorophyll content was greater under blue LEds and fluorescent lights than red LEds. The pH of the nutrient solution of the blue LEd and the fluorescent light treatments were greater than the red LEd treatment. Electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution of the fluorescent light treatment was greater than the blue LEd treatment and the red LEd treatment. In conclusion, LEds could provide an alternative lighting source for miniature lettuce production.

关键词： Non-Circulating Hydroponics Vegetable Production Artificial Lighting Lactuca Sativa

Greenhouse gases fluxes and soil thermal properties in a pasture in central Missouri

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1029-1039页

作者： Nsalambi Vakanda Nkongolo Shane Johnson kent Schmidt Frieda Eivazi department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Science Lincoln University Harvard Forest Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University

Fluctuations of greenhouse gases emissions and soil properties occur at short spatial and temporal scales, however, results are often reported for larger scales studies. We monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes and soil temperature （T）, thermal conductivity （K）, resistivity （R） and thermal diffusivity （d） from 2004 to 2006 in a pasture. Soil air samples for determination of CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations were collected from static and vented chambers and analyzed within two hours of collection with a gas chromatograph. T, K, R and d were measured in-situ using a Kd2 probe. Soil samples were also taken for measurements of soil chemical and physical properties. The pasture acted as a sink in 2004, a source in 2005 and again a sink of CH4 in 2006. CO2 and CH4 were highest, but N2O as well as T, K and d were lowest in 2004. Only K was correlated with C02 in 2004 while T correlated with both N2O （r = 0.76, p = 0.0001） and CO2 （r = 0.88, p = 0.0001） in 2005. In 2006, all gases fluxes were significantly correlated with T, K and R when the data for the entire year were considered. However, an in-depth examination of the data revealed the existence of month-to-month shifts, lack of correlation and differing spatial structures. These results stress the need for further studies on the relationship between soil properties and gases fluxes. K and R offer a promise as potential controlling factors for greenhouse gases fluxes in this pasture.

关键词： greenhouse gases soil thermal properties fluxes

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灌溉对咖啡营养生长的效应

世界热带农业信息 1988年第3期 21-22页

作者： kent d. kobayashi 蔡进

本试验旨在测定灌水量和灌水次数对咖啡树营养生长的效应。试验1的灌溉植株的节间长度、节数都大于不灌水植株的。试验2的各处理间差异不明显。

关键词：营养生长灌水次数灌水量相对含水量相对紧涨度植株咖啡

Solution pH jump during antibody and Fc-fusion protein thaw leads to increased aggregation

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第5期8卷 302-306页

作者： Kevin P.kent Chad E.Schroeder Chandana Sharma Upstream R&d MilliporeSigma

Freeze-thaw cycles impact the amount of aggregation observed in antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Various formulation strategies are used to mitigate the amount of aggregation that occurs upon putting a protein solution through a freeze-thaw cycle. Additionally, low pH solutions cause native antibodies to unfold, which are prone to aggregate upon pH neutralization, There is great interest in the mechanism that causes therapeutic proteins to aggregate since aggregate species can cause unwanted immunogenicity in patients, Herein, an increase in aggregation is reported when the pH is adjusted from pH 3 up to a pH ranging from pH 4 to pH 7 during the thaw process of a frozen antibody solution, Raising the pH during the thaw process caused a significant increase in the percent aggregation observed. Two antibodies and one Fc-fusion protein were evaluated during the pH jump thaw process and similar effects were observed. The results provide a new tool to study the kinetics of therapeutic protein ag- gregation upon pH increase,

关键词： Monoclonal antibodies Freeze-thaw Protein aggregation Protein stability