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Biochar 2021年第2期3卷 213-227页

作者： Justine Cox Nguyen V.Hue Amjad Ahmad kent d.kobayashi Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences University of Hawaii3190 Maile WayHonoluluHI 96822USA Present Address:NSW department Primary Industries 1243 Bruxner HighwayWollongbarNSW 2477Australia

Many Hawaiian agricultural soils are acidic with low-nutrient retention;therefore,organic soil amendments are often used to improve soil properties and increase *** can be incorporated for annual crops,but perennial orchards need surface application to avoid damaging surface *** trials compared responses to incorporated(IBC)or surface-applied(SBC)combination of hardwood biochar and chicken manure compost(4%v/v of each amendment)added to an Andisol and *** pH was increased by 0.4-1.1 units in IBC and by 0.2-0.5 for SBC in the 0-10 cm soil *** SBC and IBC increased soil total N,extractable P,Ca and Mg in the 0-10 cm soil *** pH,total C and extractable Ca were also higher in the 10-20 cm soil layer for IBC soil,indicating movement and/or leaching of *** cabbage biomass was 18-70%higher in the IBC and 14-47%higher in the SBC than that in the unamended soil,while papaya biomass was 23%and 19%higher in SBC and IBC,*** was a greater response in the more acidic Andisol soil,with larger improvements in soil pH,plant nutrient uptake and root biomass than the *** application was as effective in increasing plant growth as the incorporated amendment,providing evidence for farm scale *** and compost are recommended for use in tropical soils,and surface application may be beneficial to annual and perennial crops.

关键词： Surface-applied Andisol Oxisol Carica papaya Brassica rapa chinensis Biochar

An assessment of coal pillar system stability criteria based on a mechanistic evaluation of the interaction between coal pillars and the overburden

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 9-15页

作者： Reed Guy Mctyer kent Frith Russell Mine Advice Pry Ltd NewcastleNSW 2322Australia

Coal pillar design has historically assigned a factor of safety(Fo S) or stability factor(SF) according to their estimated strength and the assumed overburden load acting on them. Acceptable Fo S values have been assigned based on past mining experience or a statistical link between Fo S and probability of failure(Po F). Pillar width-to-height(w/h) ratio has long been established as having a material influence on both pillar strength and its potential failure mode. However, there has been significant disagreement on using both factor of safety(Fo S) and w/h as part of pillar system stability criterion, as compared to using Fo S in isolation. This paper will argue that there are valid technical reasons to bring w/h ratio into system stability criteria(other than its influence on pillar strength), as it is related to the post-failure stiffness of the pillar, as measured in situ, and its interaction with overburden stiffness. When overburden stiffness is also brought into pillar system stability considerations, two issues emerge. The first is the width-todepth(W/d) ratio of the panel and whether it is sub-critical or super-critical from a surface subsidence perspective. The second relates to a re-evaluation of pillar Fo S based on whether the pillar is in an elastic or non-elastic(i.e., post-yield) state in its as-designed condition, as this is relevant to maintaining overburden stiffness at the highest possible level. The significance of the model is the potential to maximise both reserve recovery and mining efficiencies without any discernible increase in geotechnical risk, particularly in thick seams and higher depth of cover mining situations. At a time when mining economics are, at best, marginal, removing potentially unnecessary design conservatism is of interest to all mine operators and is an important topic for discussion amongst the geotechnical community.

关键词： Coa] pillars Stability Overburden Post-failure behaviour Stability criteria

Human β-defensin-3 induction in H pylori-infected gastric mucosal tissues

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5793-5797页

作者： K Kawauchi A Yagihashi N Tsuji N Uehara d Furuya d.kobayashi N Watanabe department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan

AIM: To examine human β-defensin-3 (hBd-3) expression in inflamed gastric mucosal tissues or MKN45 gastric cancer cells with or without H pylori infection for better understanding the innate immune response to H pylori. METHOdS: We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemistry to examine hBd-3 expression in inflamed gastric mucosal tissues or MKN45 gastric cancer cells with or without H pylori. Effects of hBd-3 against H pylori were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean mRNA expression of hBd-3 in H pylori -positive specimens was significantly higher than that in H pylori-negative specimens (P = 0.0002, Mann-Whitney). In addition, unlike uninfected samples, 8 of 15 (53.33%) infected mucosal samples expressed hBd-3 protein. H pylori dose-dependently induced mRNA expression of hBd-3 in MKN45 cells, an effect inhibited by adding anti-toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 antibody. HBd-3 protein completely inhibited H pylori growth. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that like hBd-2, hBd-3 may be involved in the pathophysiology of H pylori-induced gastritis.

关键词： Human β-defensin-2 Human β-defensin-3 Hpylori Gastric mucosa

Measuring user preferences and behaviour in a topographic immersive virtual environment(TopoIVE)of 2d and 3d urban topographic data

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International Journal of digital Earth 2021年第12期14卷 1835-1867页

作者： Łukasz Halik Alexander J.kent department of Cartography and Geomatics Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland School of Psychology and Life Sciences Canterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyUK

This paper investigates user preferences and behaviour associated with 2d and 3d modes of urban representation within a novel Topographic Immersive Virtual Environment(TopoIVE)created from official 1:10,000 *** participants were divided into two groups:the first were given a navigational task within a simulated city and the second were given the freedom to explore it.A Head-Mounted display(HMd)Virtual Reality(VR)app allowed participants to switch between 2d and 3d representations of buildings with a remote controller and their use of these modes during the experiment was *** performed mental rotation tests before entering the TopoIVE and were interviewed afterwards about their experiences using the *** results indicate that participants preferred the 3d mode of representation overall,although preference for the 2d mode was slightly higher amongst those undertaking the navigational task,and reveal that different wayfinding solutions were adopted by participants according to their ***,the findings suggest that users exploit different aspects of 2d and 3d modes of visualization in their wayfinding strategy,regardless of their *** potential to combine the functionality of 2d and 3d modes therefore offers substantial opportunities for the development of immersive virtual reality products derived from topographic datasets.

关键词： Virtual reality(VR) immersive virtual environment(IVE) 2d versus 3d wayfinding topographic data

Light-Emitting diodes (LEds) for Miniature Hydroponic Lettuce

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第1期3卷 74-77页

作者： kent kobayashi Teresita Amore Michelle Lazaro Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences department University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu USA

There is growing concern about food safety, environmental impact, and efficient energy usage in agricultural production systems. Producing lettuce under artificial lighting could be a solution addressing these concerns. Light-emitting diodes (LEds) offer the advantages of a narrow light spectrum, low power consumption, and little heat production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different light sources on the growth of miniature “Tom Thumb” butterhead lettuce in a non-circulating hydroponic system. Lettuce seedlings, started in Oasis Horticubes, were transferred to net pots in containers with a hydroponic nutrient solution. The lettuce was grown in a lab under three light treatments—blue LEds, red LEds, and fluorescent lights. At the end of the study, fluorescent lights resulted in greater root dry weight than blue LEds and red LEds. Total plant dry weight under fluorescent lights was greater than under red LEds. There were no significant differences in shoot dry weight and plant height among the treatments. Percent partitioning of dry weight to shoots was greatest with red LEds, followed by blue LEdS, and fluorescent lights. Percent partitioning of dry weight to roots was greatest with fluorescent lights, followed by blue LEdS, and red LEds. Leaf chlorophyll content was greater under blue LEds and fluorescent lights than red LEds. The pH of the nutrient solution of the blue LEd and the fluorescent light treatments were greater than the red LEd treatment. Electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution of the fluorescent light treatment was greater than the blue LEd treatment and the red LEd treatment. In conclusion, LEds could provide an alternative lighting source for miniature lettuce production.

关键词： Non-Circulating Hydroponics Vegetable Production Artificial Lighting Lactuca Sativa

Greenhouse gases fluxes and soil thermal properties in a pasture in central Missouri

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1029-1039页

作者： Nsalambi Vakanda Nkongolo Shane Johnson kent Schmidt Frieda Eivazi department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Science Lincoln University Harvard Forest Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University

Fluctuations of greenhouse gases emissions and soil properties occur at short spatial and temporal scales, however, results are often reported for larger scales studies. We monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes and soil temperature （T）, thermal conductivity （K）, resistivity （R） and thermal diffusivity （d） from 2004 to 2006 in a pasture. Soil air samples for determination of CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations were collected from static and vented chambers and analyzed within two hours of collection with a gas chromatograph. T, K, R and d were measured in-situ using a Kd2 probe. Soil samples were also taken for measurements of soil chemical and physical properties. The pasture acted as a sink in 2004, a source in 2005 and again a sink of CH4 in 2006. CO2 and CH4 were highest, but N2O as well as T, K and d were lowest in 2004. Only K was correlated with C02 in 2004 while T correlated with both N2O （r = 0.76, p = 0.0001） and CO2 （r = 0.88, p = 0.0001） in 2005. In 2006, all gases fluxes were significantly correlated with T, K and R when the data for the entire year were considered. However, an in-depth examination of the data revealed the existence of month-to-month shifts, lack of correlation and differing spatial structures. These results stress the need for further studies on the relationship between soil properties and gases fluxes. K and R offer a promise as potential controlling factors for greenhouse gases fluxes in this pasture.

关键词： greenhouse gases soil thermal properties fluxes

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灌溉对咖啡营养生长的效应

世界热带农业信息 1988年第3期 21-22页

作者： kent d. kobayashi 蔡进

本试验旨在测定灌水量和灌水次数对咖啡树营养生长的效应。试验1的灌溉植株的节间长度、节数都大于不灌水植株的。试验2的各处理间差异不明显。

关键词：营养生长灌水次数灌水量相对含水量相对紧涨度植株咖啡

Solution pH jump during antibody and Fc-fusion protein thaw leads to increased aggregation

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第5期8卷 302-306页

作者： Kevin P.kent Chad E.Schroeder Chandana Sharma Upstream R&d MilliporeSigma

Freeze-thaw cycles impact the amount of aggregation observed in antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Various formulation strategies are used to mitigate the amount of aggregation that occurs upon putting a protein solution through a freeze-thaw cycle. Additionally, low pH solutions cause native antibodies to unfold, which are prone to aggregate upon pH neutralization, There is great interest in the mechanism that causes therapeutic proteins to aggregate since aggregate species can cause unwanted immunogenicity in patients, Herein, an increase in aggregation is reported when the pH is adjusted from pH 3 up to a pH ranging from pH 4 to pH 7 during the thaw process of a frozen antibody solution, Raising the pH during the thaw process caused a significant increase in the percent aggregation observed. Two antibodies and one Fc-fusion protein were evaluated during the pH jump thaw process and similar effects were observed. The results provide a new tool to study the kinetics of therapeutic protein ag- gregation upon pH increase,

关键词： Monoclonal antibodies Freeze-thaw Protein aggregation Protein stability

Extraction of yarn positional information from three-dimensional CT image of textile fabric using a yarn model for its structure analysis

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仪器仪表学报 2008年第8期29卷 1569-1576页

作者： Toshihiro Shinohara Jun-ya Takayama Shinji Ohyama Akira kobayashi School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology Kinki University Kinokawa-shi Wakayama-kenJapan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology1-12-1 Meguro-kuTokyoJapan Faculty of University Evaluation and Research National Institution for Academic degrees and UniversityEvaluation Kodaira-shi TokyoJapan

This paper proposes a novel method for analyzing a textile fabric structure to extract positional information regarding each yarn using three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography(3d CT) *** relationship among the yarns can be reconstructed using the extracted yarn positional *** this paper,a sequence of points on the center line of each yarn of the sample is defined as the yarn positional information,since the sequence can be regarded as the representative position of the *** sequence is extracted by tracing the *** yarn is traced by estimating the yarn center and direction and correlating the yarn part of the 3d CT image with a 3d yarn model,which is moved along the estimated yarn *** trajectory of the center of the yarn model corresponds to the positional information of the *** application of the proposed method is shown by experimentally applying the proposed method to a 3d CT image of a double-layered woven ***,the experimental results for a plain knitted fabric show that this method can be applied to even knitted fabrics.

关键词：纺织品 CT影像分析方法物理结构

development of a smart city planning support tool using the cooperative method

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2015年第4期4卷 277-284页

作者： Takeshi kobayashi Shinji Ikaruga Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi-shi 753-8511 Japan

A reduction of environmental burdens is currently required. In particular, proposing a new approach for the construction of a smart city using renewable energy is important. The technological development of a smart city is founded building equipment and infrastructure. However, planning methods and their techniques using the collaboration approach with residents are only just developing. This study aimed to develop a support tool for the construction of a smart city using renewable energy while facilitating consensus-building efforts among residents using the method for a cooperative housing development. We organized the supporting methods for the construction of residential area using the cooperative method. Then, we developed supporting toots that interface the computer with these methods. We examined the support techniques for the construction of a residential area using renewable energy technology by analyzing Japanese cases of a smart city. Moreover, we developed a support toot for the construction of a smart city on a trial basis. We integrated the smart city construction toots and the cooperative housing construction support tool. This tool has a 3d modeling system that helps residents to easily understand the space image as a result of the examination. We also developed a professional supporting toot that residents can consider for cost-effectiveness in renewable energy and its environmental toad reduction rate for the planning of a smart city.

关键词： Cooperative method Consensus buitding Smart city Renewabte energy Visual image Project evatuation