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Surviving winter on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau:Extensive reversible protein phosphorylation plays a dominant role in regulating hypometabolism in hibernating Nanorana parkeri

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 1-12页

作者： Yong-Gang Niu Deng-Bang Wei Xue-Jing Zhang Ti-Sen Xu Xiang-Yong Li Hai-Ying Zhang Zhi-Fang An kenneth B.Storey Qiang chen Department of Life Sciences Dezhou UniversityDezhouShandong 253023China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXiningQinghai 810016China School of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Department of Biology Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada

changes in protein abundance and reversible protein phosphorylation(RPP)play important roles in regulating hypometabolism but have never been documented in overwintering frogs at high *** test the hypothesis that protein abundance and phosphorylation change in response to winter hibernation,we conducted a comprehensive and quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of the liver of the Xizang plateau frog,Nanorana parkeri,living on the Qinghai-Xizang *** total,5170 proteins and 5695 phosphorylation sites in 1938 proteins were *** on proteomic analysis,674 differentially expressed proteins(438 up-regulated,236 down-regulated)were screened in hibernating *** versus summer *** enrichment analysis revealed that higher expressed proteins in winter were significantly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways,whereas lower expressed proteins were mainly involved in metabolic processes.A total of 4251 modified sites(4147 up-regulated,104 down-regulated)belonging to 1638 phosphoproteins(1555 up-regulated,83 down-regulated)were significantly changed in the *** hibernation,RPP regulated a diverse array of proteins involved in multiple functions,including metabolic enzymatic activity,ion transport,protein turnover,signal transduction,and alternative *** changes contribute to enhancing protection,suppressing energy-consuming processes,and inducing metabolic ***,the activities of phosphofructokinase,glutamate dehydrogenase,and ATPase were all significantly lower in winter compared to *** conclusion,our results support the hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of RPP as a regulatory mechanism when animals transition into a hypometabolic state.

关键词： Nanorana parkeri Proteomic Phosphoproteomic Hibernation Reversible protein phosphorylation Metabolism

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Light sheet microscope scanning of biointegrated microlasers for localized refractive index sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1673-1680页

作者： ROSS c.cOWIE MARcEL ScHUBERT SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St Andrews Humboldt centre for Nano and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cologne

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microlasers are highly sensitive to localized refractive index changes allowing to link their emission spectrum to various chemical, mechanical, or physical stimuli. Microlasers recently found applications in biological studies within single cells, in three-dimensional samples such as multicellular spheroids,or in vivo. However, detailed studies of biological samples also need to account for the structural heterogeneity of tissues and live animals, therefore requiring a combination of high-resolution microscopy and laser ***,we design and construct a light sheet fluorescence microscope with a coupled spectrometer for use in microlaser studies for combined high-resolution, high-speed imaging and WGM spectral analysis. The light sheet illumination profile and the decoupled geometry of excitation and emission hereby directly affect the lasing and sensing properties, mainly through geometric constraints and by light coupling effects. We demonstrate the basic working principle of microlaser spectroscopy under light sheet excitation and measure the absolute refractive index within agarose and in zebrafish tail muscle tissue. We further analyze the light coupling conditions that lead to the occurrence of two separate oscillation planes. These so-called cross modes can be scanned around the entire microlaser surface, which allows to estimate a surface-averaged refractive index profile of the microlaser environment.

关键词： High speed imaging Light sheet fluorescence microscopy Refractive index Scanning microscopy Second harmonic generation Solid state lasers

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Review and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and consequences of Using Agricultural Herbicides as Military chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David R. Speidel kenneth R. Olson USDA Resource conservationist and Agricultural consultant with Natural Resource Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA college of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human misery caused by the application of the herbicides including Agent Purple and Agent Orange contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TcDD and Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide, sprayed over the jungles, rice fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? could it have been prevented? Was it necessary United States military strategy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldiers and the Vietnamese, cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their land and cause generations of harm? Alternatively, was it an unpreventable accident in the march of military history? What patterns in the U.S. government’s thought process could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these herbicides as tactical chemical weapons? If the introduction of herbicide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War and the Secret Wars in Laos and cambodia have been any different? The objective of this treatise is to outline the role of world events and backgrounds and the role of the leaders, U.S. military, cIA, USDA, U.S. State Department, the U.S. President appointed Ambassadors to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and President Diệm’s Republic of Vietnam (RVN) government and military. Their collective advice led to the decision to use herbicides as military and environmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Were the National interests achieved by U.S. military strategy in the RVN using herbicide weapons worth the long-term environmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War?

关键词： Second Indochina War cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Herbicides Agent Blue Agent Orange Agent Purple Dioxin TcDD Arsenic

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Important step towards an understanding of the exotic Z_(c)(3900)

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 199-200页

作者： c.Hanhart Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum JulichJilich D-52425Germany

The Standard Model of particle physics,which contains the field theories for the electro-weak interaction(QED)and the strong interaction(QcD),is an extremely successful theory describing a huge variety of phenomena at... 详细信息

关键词： interaction atomic describing

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Antidiabetic Properties of Bidens pilosa and Its Polyacetylenic compounds for Management of Diabetes: Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 164-179页

作者： kenneth Waititu caroline Mugo Daisy Nyawira Peter Mwethera Animal Sciences Department Kenya Institute of Primate Research Nairobi Kenya center for Biodiversity National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya Department of Reproductive Health and Biology Kenya Institute of Primate Research Nairobi Kenya

Bidens pilosa is a member of the Asteraceae family that is widely distributed across the tropics. It has been utilized by different communities both as food and medicinal herb. This plant and its polyacetylenic compounds hold potential as a natural antidiabetic intervention that can be used to combat this global public health problem. Bioactive compounds found in this plant constitute promising interventions for combating obesity which is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. These phytocompounds can work independently or synergistically to modulate appetite, lipase activity, adipogenesis and adipocyte apoptosis. However, the efficacy, mode of action and scope of management of diabetes by these compounds remains elusive. The current review aims to summarize data on efficacy in the management of diabetes, an antidiabetic candidate polyacetylenic compound and possible biological activities as an antidiabetic agent from the available literature. Much emphasis has been directed to cytopiloyne as a representative of polyacetylenic compounds extracted from Bidens pilosa and its activity on diabetic animal models. The majority of the studies conducted on animal models described antidiabetic mechanisms that range from hypoglycemic to secretagogue activity of cytopiloyne in a dose-dependent manner. A clinical trial pilot indicated improved glycemic control of Bidens pilosa formulation among diabetic patients in the study. Bidens pilosa and its compounds are highly potent antidiabetic agent(s) that should be graduated to an intervention for management of diabetes through pre-clinical and clinical trials to elucidate its efficacy and safety.

关键词： Antidiabetic cytopiloyne Bidens pilosa Polyacetylenic compounds

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A toast to a zebrafish germ cell induction cocktail

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1314-1315页

作者： Mary c.Mullins Department of cell and Developmental Biology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia 19104USA

The zebrafish field is ringing in the new year with a publication from Yonghua Sun's laboratory(Wang et al.,2023)of a cocktail of germline factors that can induce all cells of the zebrafish embryo into primordial germ cells(PGcs)at phenomenal *** major advance is not only of great interest to germ cell biologists,but it has important applications to the entire zebrafish field,as shown in Wang et al.(2023).

关键词： fish zebra field

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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circulating tumor cells shielded with extracellular vesicle-derived cD45 evade T cell attack to enable metastasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2114-2131页

作者： chuan Yang Xueping Wang kenneth K.W.To caimei cui Min Luo Shaocong Wu Lamei Huang Kai Fu can Pan Zeyu Liu Teng Fan caibo Yang Fang Wang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South china Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060P.R.China School of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina LABVIV Technology(Shenzhen)co. LtdShenzhen 518057China

circulating tumor cells(cTcs)are precursors of distant metastasis in a subset of cancer patients.A better understanding of cTcs heterogeneity and how these cTcs survive during hematogenous dissemination could lay the foundation for therapeutic prevention of cancer *** remains elusive how cTcs evade immune surveillance and elimination by immune *** this study,we unequivocally identified a subpopulation of cTcs shielded with extracellular vesicle(EVs)-derived cD45(termed as cD45^(+)cTcs)that resisted T cell attack.A higher percentage of cD45^(+)cTcs was found to be closely correlated with higher incidence of metastasis and worse prognosis in cancer ***,cD45^(+)tumor cells orchestrated an immunosuppressive milieu and cD45^(+)cTcs exhibited remarkably stronger metastatic potential than cD45−cTcs in ***,cD45 expressing on tumor surfaces was shown to form intercellular cD45-cD45 homophilic interactions with cD45 on T cells,thereby preventing cD45 exclusion from TcR-pMHc synapse and leading to diminished TcR signaling transduction and suppressed immune ***,these results pointed to an underappreciated capability of EVs-derived cD45-dressed cTcs in immune evasion and metastasis,providing a rationale for targeting EVs-derived cD45 internalization by cTcs to prevent cancer metastasis.

关键词： cD45 metastasis prevention

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Performance of evolutionary optimized machine learning for modeling total organic carbon in core samples of shale gas fields

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 150-164页

作者： Leonardo Goliatt c.M.Saporetti L.c.Oliveira E.Pereira Department of computational and Applied Mechanics Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of computational Modeling Polytechnic Institute Rio de Janeiro State University Petrobras Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Rio de Janeiro State University

Rock samples' TOc content is the best indicator of the organic matter in source rocks. The origin rock samples' analysis is used to calculate it manually by specialists. This method requires time and resources because it relies on samples from many well intervals in source rocks. Therefore, research has been done to aid this effort. Machine learning algorithms can estimate total organic carbon instead of well logs and stratigraphic studies. In light of these efforts, the current work present a study on automating the total organic carbon estimation using machine learning approaches improved by an evolutionary methodology to give the model flexibility and precision. Genetic algorithms, differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimization, artificial bee colony, and evolution strategies were used to improve machine learning models to predict TOc. The six metaheuristics were integrated into four machine learning methods: extreme learning machine, elastic net linear model, linear support vector regression, and multivariate adaptive regression splines. core samples from the YuDong-Nan shale gas field, located in the Sichuan basin, were used to evaluate the hybrid strategy. The findings show that combining machine learning models with an evolutionary algorithms in a hybrid fashion produce flexible models that accurately predict TOc. The results show that, independent of the metaheuristic used to guide the model selection, optimized extreme learning machines attained the best performance scores according to six metrics. Such hybrid models can be used in exploratory geological research,particularly for unconventional oil and gas resources.

关键词： Total organic carbon Hybrid models Automated machine learning Evolutionary algorithms Geology

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Recent advances on bismuth oxyhalides for photocatalytic cO_(2)reduction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 183-203页

作者： Liangpang Xu Jimmy c.Yu Ying Wang Department of chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China

Photocatalytic conversion of cO_(2)into fuels such as cO,cH_(4),and cH_(3)OH,is a promising approach for achieving carbon *** oxyhalides(BiOX,where X=cl,Br,and I)are appropriate photocatalysts for this purpose due to the merits of visible-light-active,efficient charge separation,and easy-to-modify crystal structure and surface *** practical applications,multiple strategies have been proposed to develop high-efficiency BiOX-based *** review summarizes the development of different approaches to prepare BiOX-based photocatalysts for efficient cO_(2)*** the review,the fundamentals of photocatalytic cO_(2)reduction are ***,several widely used modification methods for BiOX photocatalysts are systematacially discussed,including heterojunction construction,introducing oxygen vacancies(OVs),Bi-enrichment,heteroatom-doping,and morphology ***,the challenges and prospects in the design of future BiOX-based photocatalysis for efficient cO_(2)reduction are examined.

关键词： Bismuth oxyhalides Photocatalysis cO_(2)reduction Modification methods

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