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Parents making surgical decisions for their children:a pilot study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第2期6卷 115-117页

作者： Adrian Chi Heng Fung kenneth kak yuen wong Department of Surgery The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Parents play a key role in medical decision-making for their children,who are limited by their intellectual development in under-standing their own health status and treat-ment plans.1 These decisions are challenging as they may have a lifelong impact on patients'physical and mental well-being,and a signif-icant portion of parents are not satisfied with the informed consent *** factors affecting parental satisfaction with the informed consent process have been identi-fied,including parents'knowledge base,the specific types of decisions and the presence of decisional conflicts.

关键词： children their parents

Shear behavior and off-fault damage of saw-cut smooth and tension-induced rough joints in granite

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1216-1230页

作者： Fanzhen Meng Feili Wang Louis Ngai yuen wong Jie Song Muzi Li Chuanqing Zhang Liming Zhang College of Science Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266033China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering Construction and Safety Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone Qingdao266033China

The damage of rock joints or fractures upon shear includes the surface damage occurring at the contact asperities and the damage beneath the shear surface within the host *** latter is commonly known as off-fault damage and has been much less investigated than the surface *** main contribution of this study is to compare the results of direct shear tests conducted on saw-cut planar joints and tension-induced rough granite joints under normal stresses ranging from 1 MPa to 50 *** shear-induced off-fault damages are quantified and compared with the optical microscope *** results clearly show that the planar joints slip stably under all the normal stresses except under 50 MPa,where some local fractures and regular stick-slip occur towards the end of the *** post-peak stress drop and stick-slip occur for all the rough *** residual shear strength envelopes for the rough joints and the peak shear strength envelope for the planar joints almost *** root mean square(RMS)of asperity height for the rough joints decreases while it increases for the planar joint after shear,and a larger normal stress usually leads to a more significant decrease or increase in ***,the extent of off-fault damage(or damage zone)increases with normal stress for both planar and rough joints,and it is restricted to a very thin layer with limited micro-cracks beneath the planar joint *** comparison,the thickness of the damage zone for the rough joints is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the planar joints,and the coalesced micro-cracks are generally inclined to the shear direction with acute *** findings obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding on the frictional behavior and damage characteristics of rock joints or fractures with different roughness.

关键词： Planar joint Rough joint Shear behavior Off-fault damage Micro-cracks

Performance in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery: Does it reflect global rating scales in the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills in porcine laparoscopic surgery?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 443-449页

作者： Ho Yee Tiong Wei Zheng So Jeremy yuen-Chun Teoh Shuji Isotani Gang Zhu Teng Aik Ong Eddie Shu-Yin Chan Peggy Sau-Kwan Chu Kittinut Kijvikai Ming Liu Bannakji Lojanapiwat Michael wong Anthony Chi-Fai Ng Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Department of SurgeryNational University of SingaporeSingapore S.H.Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Urology Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan Department of Urology National University HospitalSingapore Department of Urology Beijing United Family HospitalBeijingChina Department of Surgery University of Malaya Specialist CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia Division of Urology Department of SurgeryTuen Mun HospitalHong Kong Department of Urology Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversitySalayaThailand Department of Urology Beijing HospitalBeijingChina Department of Urology Chiangmai Ram HospitalChiang MaiThailand International Urology Fertility&Gynaecology CentreSingapore

Objective:To correlate the utility of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery(FLS)manual skills program with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills(OSATS)global rating scale in evaluating operative ***:The Asian Urological Surgery Training and Educational Group(AUSTEG)Laparoscopic Upper Tract Surgery Course implemented and validated the FLS program for its usage in laparoscopic surgical ***’basic laparoscopic skills were assessed using three different training models(peg transfer,precision cutting,and intra-corporeal suturing).They also performed live porcine laparoscopic surgery at the same *** surgery skills were assessed by blinded faculty using the OSATS rating ***:From March 2016 to March 2019,a total of 81 certified urologists participated in the course,with a median of 5 years of post-residency *** differences in task time did not reach statistical significance,those with more surgical experience were visibly faster at completing the peg transfer and intra-corporeal suturing FLS ***,they took longer to complete the precision cutting task than participants with less *** OSATS scores correlated weakly with all three FLS tasks(peg transfer time:r=0.331,r^(2)=0.110;precision cutting time:r=0.240,r^(2)=0.058;suturing with intracorporeal knot time:r=0.451,r^(2)=0.203).Conclusion:FLS task parameters did not correlate strongly with OSATS globing rating scale *** FLS task models demonstrated strong validity,it is important to assimilate the inconsistencies when benchmarking technical proficiency against real-life operative competence,as evaluated by FLS and OSATS,respectively.

关键词： TheFundamentalsof Laparoscopic Surgery The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills Laparoscopic training Surgical education Surgical training Urological laparoscopic surgery

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on incidence and treatment strategies of hepatocellular carcinoma in people with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 211-228页

作者： Lung-Yi Mak Matthew Shing Hin Chung Xue Li Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai Eric Yuk Fai Wan Celine Sze Ling Chui Franco Wing Tak Cheng Esther Wai Yin Chan Ching Lung Cheung Ivan Chi Ho Au Xi Xiong Wai-Kay Seto Man-Fung yuen Carlos King Ho wong Ian Chi Kei wong Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health(D24H) Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongChina Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Nursing The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Department of Practice and Policy University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom Aston School of Pharmacy Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease(CLD)was associated with adverse clinical outcomes among people with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** To determine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the incidence and treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)among patients with *** A retrospective,territory-wide cohort of CLD patients was identified from an electronic health database in Hong *** with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection[coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)+CLD]between January 1,2020 and October 25,2022 were identified and matched 1:1 by propensity-score with those without(COVID-19-CLD).Each patient was followed up until death,outcome event,or November 15,*** outcome was incidence of *** outcomes included all-cause mortality,adverse hepatic outcomes,and different treatment strategies to HCC(curative,non-curative treatment,and palliative care).Analyses were further stratified by acute(within 20 d)and post-acute(21 d or beyond)phases of SARS-CoV-2 *** rate ratios(IRRs)were estimated by Poisson regression *** Of 193589 CLD patients(>95%non-cirrhotic)in the cohort,55163 patients with COVID-19+CLD and 55163 patients with COVID-19-CLD were included after 1:1 propensity-score *** 249-d median follow-up,COVID-19+CLD was not associated with increased risk of incident HCC(IRR:1.19,95%CI:0.99-1.42,P=0.06),but higher risks of receiving palliative care for HCC(IRR:1.60,95%CI:1.46-1.75,P<0.001),compared to *** both acute and post-acute phases of infection,COVID-19+CLD were associated with increased risks of allcause mortality(acute:IRR:7.06,95%CI:5.78-8.63,P<0.001;post-acute:IRR:1.24,95%CI:1.14-1.36,P<0.001)and adverse hepatic outcomes(acute:IRR:1.98,95%CI:1.79-2.18,P<0.001;post-acute:IRR:1.24,95%CI:1.13-1.35,P<0.001),compared to *** Although CLD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were not associated with increased risk of HCC,they

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 infection Chronic liver disease Long COVID Post-COVID-19 syndrome Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

Preliminary estimation of rock-fall lateral dispersion by laboratory test

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第12期15卷 3343-3351页

作者： Louis Ngai yuen wong Zhicheng Tang Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

Lateral dispersion significantly directs the assessment of rockfall hazard and design of countermeasures. In the present study, the dependence of lateral dispersion on different controlling factors has been systematically evaluated by performing laboratory tests using three different rock block types, namely circular block, and two types of elliptical block. The three types of rock block are released onto an inclined surface with the identical initial status. Parallel, anti-parallel, and oblique impact tests set at slope angles of 22.5° and 45°are conducted to study the block-slope interaction of rockfall. Lateral dispersion of rockfall is less influenced by the block shape for the oblique impact, while the post-impact behaviors are greatly affected by the block shape. The key factors influencing the deviation of the post-impact trajectory direction are the slope angle (θ) and direction difference (Δφ). An empirical model is then developed to characterize the deviation distribution of lateral dispersion by 5th and 95th percentile values with the inclusion of the two key factors. Linear function can be used to describe the 5th percentile boundary, while hyperbolic function is good for the 95th percentile boundary, which need to be validated by field tests in the subsequent research.

关键词： Rockfall Block shape Slope angle Oblique impact Lateral dispersion

Rock brittleness indices and their applications to different fields of rock engineering:A review

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第1期13卷 221-247页

作者： Fanzhen Meng Louis Ngai yuen wong Hui Zhou College of Science Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266033China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

Brittleness is an important parameter controlling the mechanical behavior and failure characteristics of rocks under loading and unloading conditions,such as fracability,cutability,drillability and rockburst *** such,it is of high practical value to correctly evaluate rock ***,the definition and measurement method of rock brittleness have been very diverse and not yet been *** this paper,the definitions of rock brittleness are firstly reviewed,and several representative definitions of rock brittleness are identified and briefly *** development and role of rock brittleness in different fields of rock engineering are also *** brittleness indices publicly available in rock mechanics literature are compiled,and the measurement method,applicability and limitations of some indices are *** results show that(1)the large number of brittleness indices and brittleness definitions is attributed to the different foci on the rock behavior when it breaks;(2)indices developed in one field usually are not directly applicable to other fields;and(3)the term“brittleness”is sometimes misused,and many empirically-obtained brittleness indices,which lack theoretical basis,fail to truly reflect rock *** the basis of this review,three measurement methods are identified,i.e.(1)elastic deformation before fracture,(2)shape of post-peak stressestrain curves,and(3)methods based on fracture mechanics theory,which have the potential to be further refined and unified to become the standard measurement methods of rock *** is highly beneficial for the rock mechanics community to develop a robust definition of rock *** study will undoubtedly provide a comprehensive timely reference for selecting an appropriate brittleness index for their applications,and will also pave the way for the development of a standard definition and measurement method of rock brittleness in the long term.

关键词： Rock brittleness Practical applicability Hydraulic fracturing Rockburst proneness Crack propagation Fragmentation efficiency

Influence of grain size on strength of polymineralic crystalline rock: New insights from DEM grain-based modeling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第4期13卷 755-766页

作者： Jun Peng Louis Ngai yuen wong Cee Ing Teh Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong KongShenzhenChina

Grain size effect on rock strength is a topic of great interest in geotechnical engineering.A consensus obtained from earlier laboratory tests is that rock strength generally decreases with the increase of grain size for both silicate and carbonate rocks;however,some recent numerical results conflict with such laboratory test *** address this intriguing issue,the effect of grain size on strength of polymineralic crystalline rock with low porosity is investigated numerically using the grain-based modeling(GBM)approach in discrete element method(DEM)by interpreting micro-cracking process in response to *** agreement with some previous DEM simulation results,the simulated rock strength is found to increase with increasing grain size for both homogeneous and heterogeneous models,even when the number of assembled disks in one mineral grain *** mechanism of strength increase with increasing grain size is mainly associated with the number of assembled smooth-joint contacts along grain interfaces and the generation of grain boundary cracks in response to *** grain interfaces significantly weaken the integrity of the rock model,which is similar to effects of inherent defects in real *** the grain size increases,fewer grain interfaces are built in the model and the rock strength becomes much ***,by solely changing the mineral grain size in a model,the mechanism of grain size effect as observed in laboratory tests cannot be *** address this issue,a method of degradation of grain boundary strength parameters is used to mimic the possible mechanism of grain size *** simulated strength using the method becomes comparable with those obtained from laboratory tests when the heterogeneity in the rock is *** of grain boundary parameters with increasing grain size provides a plausible explanation for the grain size effect on rock strength.

关键词： Grain size Rock strength Grain-based modeling(GBM)approach Grain boundary Micro-cracking behavior

Multifunctional oxygen-enriching nano-theranostics for cancer-specific magnetic resonance imaging and enhanced photodynamic/photothermal therapy

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1389-1398页

作者： Li Zhang Zhe Yang Jinghua Ren Li Ba Wenshan He Chun-yuen wong Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Cancer Center Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China

The combination of photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT)has attracted much interest in recent years,but non-specific distribution of photosensitizers and intrinsic tumor hypoxic microenvironment have continued to limit its therapeutic *** herein report a nano-theranostic system,denoted as Ce6-CuS/MSN@PDA@MnO2-FA NPs,which combines PDT,PTT,magnetic resonance(MR)imaging with hypoxia-relieving and tumor-targeting *** to this design is the use of mussel-inspired polydopamine(PDA)coating to encapsulate the chlorin e6(Ce6)and copper sulfide nanoparticles(CuS NPs)loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle(MSN)*** PDA coating not only acts as pH sensitive gatekeeper to prevent the premature release of Ce6 under non-acidic tumor microenvironment(TME),but also facilitates post-functionalization so that hypoxia-relieving MnO2 nano-sheets and tumor-targeting ligand folic acid-PEG-thiol(FA-PEG-SH)can be decorated on the outer part of the drug *** vitro and in vivo measurements clearly demonstrated that all these functionalities worked synergistically as *** system,having a low dark cytotoxicity,can be effectively internalized by 4T1 cells and decrease the cell viability to 2%upon 660 nm/808 nm laser *** in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice can almost be completely destroyed in 2 weeks via combined PDT/*** with the TME-sensitive MR imaging performance demonstrated,Ce6-CuS/MSN@PDA@MnO2-FA NPs represent a multifunctional prototype which holds great potential to be developed into clinical theranostics.

关键词： hypoxia relief MnO2 nano-sheet photodynamic therapy photothermal therapy magnetic resonance imaging

A Detailed Study on the Equal Arrival Time Surface Effect in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2007年第3期7卷 397-404页

作者： Yong-Feng Huang Ye Lu Anna yuen Lam wong Kwong Sang Cheng Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

Due to the relativistic motion of gamma-ray burst remnant and its deceleration in the circumburst medium, the equal arrival time surfaces at any moment are not spherical, rather, they are distorted ellipsoids. This will leave some imprints in the afterglows. We study the effect of equal arrival time surfaces numerically for various circumstances, i.e., isotropic fireballs, collimated jets, density jumps and energy injection events. For each case, a direct comparison is made between including and not including the effect. For isotropic fireballs and jets viewed on axis, the effect slightly hardens the spectra and postpones the peak time of the afterglows, but does not change the shapes of the spectra and light curves significantly. In the cases of a density jump or an energy injection, the effect smears out the variations in the afterglows markedly.

关键词： gamma rays bursts -- relativity -- shock waves -- ISM clouds