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Hepatitis E virus in patients with acute severe liver injury

World journal of Hepatology 2014年第6期6卷 426-434页

作者： Claire Louise Crossan kenneth j Simpson Darren G Craig Christopher Bellamy janice Davidson Harry R Dalton Linda Scobie Department of Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG4 0BAUnited Kingdom Scottish Liver Transplant Unit Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SAUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUnited Kingdom Gastrointestinal Unit Royal Cornwall Hospitaland European Centre for the Environment and Human HealthUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolTruroTR1 3HDUnited Kingdom Department of Life Sciences School of Health and Life SciencesGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAUnited Kingdom

AIM: To examine the incidence of hepatitis E(HepE) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant ***: Hepatitis E virus(HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries causing severe illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying chronic liver disease. HepE infection isoften under diagnosed, as clinicians can be reluctant to test patients who have not travelled to regions traditionally considered hyperendemic for HepE. There are few data regarding the significance of HEV in patients with very severe acute liver injury in developed countries. Eighty patients with acute severe liver injury attending the Scottish Liver Transplant unit were tested for HEV and anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Severe acute liver injury was defined as a sudden deterioration in liver function confirmed by abnormal liver function tests and coagulopathy or presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty percent of these patients were diagnosed with paracetomol overdose. No patients had a history of chronic or decompensated chronic liver disease at time of sampling. IgG positive samples were quantified against the World Health Organization anti-HEV IgG standard. Samples were screened for HEV viral RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain ***: Four cases of hepatitis E were identified. Three of the four cases were only diagnosed on retrospective testing and were initially erroneously ascribed to drug-induced liver injury and decompensated chronic liver disease, with the cause of the decompensation uncertain. One case was caused by HEV genotype 1 in a traveller returning from Asia, the other three were autochthonous and diagnosed on retrospective testing. In two of these cases(where RNA was detected) HEV was found to be genotype 3, the most prevalent genotype in developed countries. Three patients survived, two of whom had been misdiagnosed as having drug induced liver injury. The fourth patient

关键词： Virology Infection Acute liver injury Hepatitis E virus

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A mechanistic study of ciprofloxacin adsorption by goethite in the presence of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期34卷 46-56页

作者： jie Tang Yun Wang Qiang Xue Fei Liu kenneth CCarroll Xiaohua Lu Taogeng Zhou Dengjun Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Water Science and Management Program New Mexico State UniversityMSC 3QUSA Plant&Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA National Institute of Metrology Beijing 100022China Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081China School of Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

The adsorption behaviors of ciprofloxacin(CIP),a fluoroquinolone antibiotic,onto goethite(Gt)in the presence of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles(AgNPs and TiO_(2)NPs)were *** showed that CIP adsorption kinetics in Gt with or without NPs both followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic *** presence of AgNPs or TiO_(2)NPs inhibited the adsorption of CIP by *** amount of inhibition of CIP sorption due to AgNPs was decreased with an increase of solution pH from 5.0 to *** contrast,in the presence of TiO_(2)NPs,CIP adsorption by Gt was almost unchanged at pHs of 5.0∼6.5 but was decreased with an increase of pH from 6.5 to *** mechanisms of AgNPs and TiO_(2)NPs in inhibiting CIP adsorption by Gt were different,which was attributed to citrate coating of AgNPs resulting in competition with CIP for adsorption sites on Gt,while TiO_(2)NPs could compete with Gt for CIP ***,CIP was adsorbed by Gt or TiO_(2)NPs through a tridentate complex involving the bidentate inner-sphere coordination of the deprotonated carboxylic group and hydrogen bonding through the adjacent carbonyl group on the quinoline *** findings advance our understanding of the environmental behavior and fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the presence of NPs.

关键词： Ciprofloxacin Goethite Silver nanoparticles Titanium dioxide nanoparticles Adsorption

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Sand wave migration near the southeastern corner of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA

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International journal of Sediment Research 2023年第5期38卷 629-642页

作者： Vinícius Santos Pessanha Peter Cheng Chu Matthew kenneth Gough Peter Traykovski Mara Morgenstern Orescanin Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Sand waves of approximately 2 m in height were observed to migrate nearly 40 m with counterclockwise rotation between two bathymetric surveys performed three months apart near the southeastern corner of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. The region is characterized by strong tidal currents, intermittent energetic surface wave events, and shallow water with local depth ranging from 2 to 7 m. This study uses the process-based model, Delft3D, with a three-dimensional approach to examine the sand wave dynamics by incorporating surface waves, winds, currents, and bathymetric observations. The model successfully simulates sand wave migration in comparisons to observations. Model sensitivity analyses show that the sand wave migration reduces by 65% with the absence of the surface waves. The modeled sand wave migration speed is correlated with the tidal current Shields parameter, and sharp increases in migration speed occur when the wave-driven Shields parameter increases in response to energetic surface wave events. The combined effect of tides, surface waves, and bathymetry is the origin of the rotational aspect of the sand wave, using the Shields parameter as an indicator of tidal currents and surface wave influence on sand wave dynamics.

关键词： Sand wave migration Numerical morphological modeling Delft3D Sandy seafloor Martha's Vineyard

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圆截面S形进气道中的流动计算

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空天技术 1993年第9期 38-44页

作者： R H nichols 丛敏

计算了通过圆截面S形进气道的流动,并与两种质量流率的试验数据进行了比较。采用具有代数紊流模型和二方程紊流模型的三维纳维尔-斯托克斯编码进行计算。在低质量流率情况下,两种紊流模型的计算结果与试验数据非常一致;在强分离、高质... 详细信息

计算了通过圆截面S形进气道的流动,并与两种质量流率的试验数据进行了比较。采用具有代数紊流模型和二方程紊流模型的三维纳维尔-斯托克斯编码进行计算。在低质量流率情况下,两种紊流模型的计算结果与试验数据非常一致;在强分离、高质量流率情况下,计算结果与试验数据有相同的变化趋势,但没有准确地再现其一致的数值。二方程紊流模型在两种质量流率情况下的计算结果均好于代数紊流模型的计算结果。

关键词： +S形进气道流动计算紊流模型畸变参数

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Soil water storage,yield,water productivity and transpiration efficiency of soybeans(Glyxine max ***)as affected by soil surface management in lle-Ife,Nigeria

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 141-150页

作者： Omotayo B.Adeboye Bart Schultz kenneth O.Adekalu Krishna Prasad Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria Land and Water Development IHE Delft Institute For Water Education in Partnership with UNESCODelftthe Netherlands Freelance Irrigation and Water Resources Management Consultant LalitpurNepal

Rainfed agriculture has a high yield potential if rainfall and land resources are effectively *** this study,conventional(NC)and six in-situ water conservation practices were used to cultivate Soybean in 2011 and 2012 in Ile-lfe,*** conservation practices are:Tied ridge(TR),Soil bund(BD),Mulch(ML),Mulch plus Soil bund(MLBD),Tied ridge plus Mulch(TRML),Tied ridge plus Soil bund(TRBD).The practices were arranged in Randomised Complete Block Design with four *** rainfall was 539 and 761 mm in 2011 and 2012,*** soil water storage(SWS)ranged from 485 mm for NC to 517 mm for TRML in the two *** increased the SWS in the upper 30 cm of the soil by 17% while TR increased the soil water content in the lower 30-60 cm by 22% compared with *** reduced soil temperature in the upper 30 cm between 2.2 and 2.9℃ compared with NC,TR and *** crop evapotranspiration ranged between 432 mm for NC and 481 mm for BD in the *** yield increased by 41.7% and 44.3% for BD and MLBD,respectively compared with *** conservation practices increased water productivity for grain yield by 14.0-41.8% compared with ***,it increased average seasonal transpiration efficiency by 15.3-32.5% compared with *** findings demonstrate that when there are fluctuations in rainfall,in-situ water conservation practices improve SWS,land,and water productivity and transpiration efficiency of Soybeans.

关键词： Water conservation Soybean Yield Transpiration Efficiency Evapotranspiration Water productivity

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Systemic RNAi in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, does not involve transitive pathways

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 45-56页

作者： Huarong Li Andrew j. Bowling Premchand Gandra Murugesan Rangasamy Heather E. Pence Robert E. McEwan Chitvan Khajuria Blair D. Siegfried kenneth E. Narva Dow AgroSciences LLC 9330 Zionsville Rd. Indianapolis Indiana USA Department of Entomology University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield Missouri USA Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

Western corn rootworm （WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte） is highly sensitive to orally delivered double-stranded RNA （dsRNA）. RNAi in WCR is systemic and spreads throughout the insect body. This raises the question whether transitive RNAi is a mechanism that functions in WCR to amplify the RNAi response via production of secondary siRNA. Secondary siRNA production is achieved through RNA-dependent RNA polymerase （RdRP） activity in other eukaryotic organisms, but RdRP has not been identified in WCR and any other insects. This study visualized the spread of the RNAi- mediated knockdown of Dr v-ATPase C mRNA throughout the WCR gut and other tissues using high-sensitivity branched DNA in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we did not detect either secondary siRNA production or transitive RNAi in WCR through siRNA sequence profile analysis. Nucleotide mismatched sequences introduced into either the sense or antisense strand of v-ATPase C dsRNAs were maintained in siRNAs derived from WCR fed with the mismatched dsRNAs in a strand specific manner. The distribution of all siRNAs was restricted to within the original target sequence regions, which may indicate the lack of new dsRNA synthesis leading to production of secondary siRNA. Thus, the systemic spread of RNAi in WCR may be derived from the original dsRNA molecules taken up from the gut lumen. These results indicate that the initial dsRNA dose is important for a lethal systemic RNAi response in WCR and have implications in developing effective dsRNA traits to control WCR and in resistance management to prolong the durability of RNAi trait technology.

关键词： corn rootworm Diabrotica secondary siRNA production systemic RNAi transitive RNAi

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Addressing cation mixing in layered structured cathodes for lithium-ion batteries:A critical review

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Nano Materials Science 2023年第4期5卷 404-420页

作者： jingxi Li Gemeng Liang Wei Zheng Shilin Zhang kenneth Davey Wei Kong Pang Zaiping Guo School of Chemical Engineering&Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Institute for Superconducting&Electronic Materials University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia

High-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIB)are important in powering emerging *** are regarded as the bottleneck of increasing battery energy density,among which layered oxides are the most promising candidates for ***,a limitation with layered oxides cathodes is the transition metal and Li site mixing,which significantly impacts battery capacity and cycling *** recent research on Li/Ni mixing,there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the origin of cation mixing between the transition metal and Li;therefore,practical means to address ***,a critical review of cation mixing in layered cathodes has been provided,emphasising the understanding of cation mixing mechanisms and their impact on cathode material *** list and compare advanced characterisation techniques to detect cation mixing in the material structure;examine methods to regulate the degree of cation mixing in layered oxides to boost battery capacity and cycling performance,and critically assess how these can be applied *** appraisal of future research directions,including superexchange interaction to stabilise structures and boost capacity retention has also been *** will be of immediate benefit in the design of layered cathodes for high-performance rechargeable LIB and,therefore,of interest to researchers and manufacturers.

关键词： Cation mixing Layered oxide cathodes Lithium-ion batteries Electrochemical performance

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The effect of adjunct caudal block on postoperative analgesia in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A prospective randomized controlled, single blinded pilot study in a tertiary centre

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Asian journal of Urology 2018年第2期5卷 122-126页

作者： kenneth Chen Allen Sim Alex Ford Kan Department of Urology Singapore General HospitalSingapore Department of Anaesthesiology Singapore General HospitalSingapore

Objective:Caudal block provides satisfactory postoperative pain relief in lower abdominal *** pilot study explores its safety and effect on postoperative pain control in patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(RARP).Methods:From 2013 to 2014,40 consecutive patients were randomized into two groups d one received caudal block using ropivacaine immediately after operation,the other received standard *** outcome measure was pain score based on 11-point Likert scale(0e10)recorded at recovery room,and at 6,12,24,48,and 72 h after *** analgesic requirements,opioid-related adverse events and time to passage of flatus were ***:Mean age of the two groups was similar(60.4 vs.62.3 years,p Z 0.33),as was American Society of Anaesthesiologists(ASA)class,body mass index(BMI)and operation *** significant difference in median pain scores was reported in recovery room(2 vs.3,p Z 0.34),and at 6 h(2 vs.2,p Z 0.94),12 h(0 vs.0,p Z 0.62),24 h(1 vs.0,p Z 0.58),48 h(1 vs.0,p Z 0.36)and 72 h(0 vs.0,p Z 0.78)postoperatively between control and caudal block groups,*** was a higher mean opioid usage in the caudal block group which was not statistically *** this was statistically insignificant while no significant difference in mean paracetamol usage was observed *** time to passage of flatus was similar(2.0 vs.2.0 days,p Z 0.97).There was one case of superficial wound infection and no opioid-related adverse events *** stay was similar in both groups(2.5 vs.2.5 days,p Z 0.96).

关键词： Caudal block Robotic radical prostatectomy Post-operative pain Analgesia Opioid

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Discovery of high-entropy ceramics via machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1323-1331页

作者： Kevin Kaufmann Daniel Maryanovsky William M.Mellor Chaoyi Zhu Alexander S.Rosengarten Tyler j.Harrington Corey Oses Cormac Toher Stefano Curtarolo kenneth S.Vecchio Department of NanoEngineering UC San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Cognitive Science UC San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Materials Science and Engineering Program UC San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Materials Science Electrical EngineeringPhysics and ChemistryDuke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Although high-entropy materials are attracting considerable interest due to a combination of useful properties and promising applications,predicting their formation remains a hindrance for rational discovery of new *** approaches are based on physical intuition and/or expensive trial and error *** computational methods rely on the availability of sufficient experimental data and computational *** learning(ML)applied to materials science can accelerate development and reduce *** this study,we propose an ML method,leveraging thermodynamic and compositional attributes of a given material for predicting the synthesizability(i.e.,entropy-forming ability)of disordered metal carbides.

关键词： ceramics entropy attracting

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Understanding Interfacial Chemistry Interactions in Energy-Dense Lithium-Ion Electrodes

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第2期4卷 156-167页

作者： Donghee Gueon Miguel A.Gonzalez kenneth j.Takeuchi Esther S.Takeuchi Amy C.Marschilok Elsa Reichmanis Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015United States School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332United States Interdisciplinary Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew York 11973United States Institute for Energy Sustainability and Equity Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794United States Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook 11794United States

For the past two decades,conversion and alloying-type materials have been heralded as the natural heir to commercially available graphite anodes due to their ability to deliver high gravimetric/volumetric *** of batteries with these high-energy-density active materials could impact a variety of sectors including electric vehicles,grid storage,and consumer electronics and contribute toward an ever-increasing electrified ***,the various failure mechanisms from inherent interfacial chemical instabilities associated with these materials make them unable to be merely substituted into currently available electrode fabrication and formulation processing *** a result,realizing the high theoretical capacity and achieving commercial viability of these materials will rely on the careful manipulation of interfacial chemical interactions that dictate and control various kinetic and transport processes across multiple scales of the composite *** has led to a plethora of research that has focused on systematically understanding properties of the different electrode components and designing carefully constructed electrode formulations to achieve composite electrodes with increased chemical stability,enhanced local mixed conductivities,or improved mechanical *** Account relates recent progress in the understanding of synergetic opportunities for energy-dense,resilient composite *** understanding the interplay between components of the composite electrode,we can construct enhanced well-integrated electrodes with performance metrics that surpass empirically derived *** to the increased complexity of high-volume-expanding electrodes,performance is more than the cumulative contributions of the individual components,and therefore energy and compatibility matching are important for robust electrochemical performance across cycling,rate capability,facile lithium-ion transport,and *** this Account,sy

关键词： composite interfacial electrode

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