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A Large Therizinosauroid(Dinosauria:Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Northwestern China

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第4期81卷 539-549页

作者： LI Daqing PENG Cuo YOU Hailu Matthew C. LAMANNA j.rald D. HARRIS kenneth j. lacovara ZHANG j.anping China University of Geosciences School of Earth Sciences and Resources Beijing 100083 P. R. China Fossil Research and Development Center of the Third Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration Academy of Gansu Province Lanzhou Gansu Province 730050 P. R. China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 P. R. China Section of Vertebrate Paleontology Carnegie Museum of Natural History Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA Dixie State College Science Building Utah 84770 USA Paleontology and Geology Program Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

We herein describe an associated partial postcranial skeleton of a theropod dinosaur discovered in the Lower Cretaceous Xinminpu Group of the Yuj.ngzi Basin, in the j.uquan area of Gausu Province, northwestern China. Features of its humerus, such as strongly expanded proximal and distal ends, a well developed medial tuberosity, distal condyles expressed on the humeral cranial surface, and a hypertrophied entepicondyle, definitively establish the therizinosauroid affinities of the specimen. It differs from other therizinosauroids in having a shallow, poorly demarcated glenoid fossa with a prominent rounded and striated tumescence on the dorsomedial surface of its scapular portion, and a pubis with a strongly concave cranial margin. It represents a new taxon, Suzhousaurus megatherioides gen. et sp. nov. Cladistic analysis recovers Suzhousaurus as the sister taxon of Nothronychus mckinleyi from the mid-Cretaceous of western North America; together, they are basal members of the Therizinosauroidea, more derived than the Early Cretaceous Falcarius and Beipiaosaurus but less derived than Alxasaurus and the Therizinosauridae. Along with ＂Nanshiungosaurus＂ bohlini from possibly coeval beds in the Mazongshan area of northern-most Gansu, Suzhousaurus represents one of the largest-known Early Cretaceous therizinosauroids, demonstrating that this clade attained considerable body size early in its evolutionary history.

关键词： Dinosauria Theropoda Therizinosauroidea Yuj.ngzi Basin Early Cretaceous j.uquan area Gansu Province China

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Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terj. Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik j.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang j.han Holmgren Eva Lindberg kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adj.stments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

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Circulating tumor cells shielded with extracellular vesicle-derived CD45 evade T cell attack to enable metastasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2114-2131页

作者： Chuan Yang Xueping Wang kenneth K.W.To Caimei Cui Min Luo Shaocong Wu Lamei Huang Kai Fu Can Pan Zeyu Liu Teng Fan Caibo Yang Fang Wang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060P.R.China School of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina LABVIV Technology(Shenzhen)Co. LtdShenzhen 518057China

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are precursors of distant metastasis in a subset of cancer patients.A better understanding of CTCs heterogeneity and how these CTCs survive during hematogenous dissemination could lay the foundation for therapeutic prevention of cancer *** remains elusive how CTCs evade immune surveillance and elimination by immune *** this study,we unequivocally identified a subpopulation of CTCs shielded with extracellular vesicle(EVs)-derived CD45(termed as CD45^(+)CTCs)that resisted T cell attack.A higher percentage of CD45^(+)CTCs was found to be closely correlated with higher incidence of metastasis and worse prognosis in cancer ***,CD45^(+)tumor cells orchestrated an immunosuppressive milieu and CD45^(+)CTCs exhibited remarkably stronger metastatic potential than CD45−CTCs in ***,CD45 expressing on tumor surfaces was shown to form intercellular CD45-CD45 homophilic interactions with CD45 on T cells,thereby preventing CD45 exclusion from TCR-pMHC synapse and leading to diminished TCR signaling transduction and suppressed immune ***,these results pointed to an underappreciated capability of EVs-derived CD45-dressed CTCs in immune evasion and metastasis,providing a rationale for targeting EVs-derived CD45 internalization by CTCs to prevent cancer metastasis.

关键词： CD45 metastasis prevention

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn kenneth P. Vogel Terry j. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski j.y Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. j.n USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 905-952页

作者： Fang Wang Kai Fu Yuj.e Wang Can Pan Xueping Wang Zeyu Liu Chuan Yang Ying Zheng Xiaopeng Li Yu Lu kenneth Kin Wah To Chenglai Xia j.anye Zhang Zhi Shi Zeping Hu Min Huang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Department of Cell Biology&Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineMOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target&Clinical Pharmacology NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China School of Pharmacy The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Southern Medical UniversityFoshan 528000China

Cancer immunotherapy,exemplified by the remarkable clinical benefits of the immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy,is revolutionizing cancer *** induce long-term tumor regression and overall survival benefit in many types of *** the advances in our knowledge about the tumor immune microenvironment,remarkable progress has been made in the development of small-molecule drugs for *** molecules targeting PRR-associated pathways,immune checkpoints,oncogenic signaling,metabolic pathways,cytokine/chemokine signaling,and immune-related kinases have been extensively *** of smallmolecule immunotherapeutic drugs and their combinations with other antitumor modalities are under active clinical investigations to overcome immune tolerance and circumvent immune checkpoint inhibitor ***,we review the latest development of small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy by targeting defined pathways and highlighting their progress in recent clinical investigations.

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy Small-molecule agents Immune checkpoints Oncogenic signaling Metabolic pathways Cytokine/chemokine signaling Antitumor immunity Tumor immune microenvironment

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Global wild rice germplasm resources conservation alliance:World Wild-Rice Wiring

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 516-518页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Disna Ratnasekera j.ayu Fan Robert j.Henry Beng-Kah Song kenneth M.Olsen Bal Krishna j.shi Maria Celeste N.Banaticla-Hilario Tonapha Pusadee Adane Getachew Melaku Yeyinou Laura Estelle Loko Koukham Vilayheuang Gavers K.Oppong Samuel Aduse Poku Peterson W.Wambugu Song Ge Aldo Merotto j.nior Ohn Mar Aung Ramaiah Venuprasad Aj.y Kohli Wenbin Zhou Qian Qian National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya National Research Institute of Breeding in Hainan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777Metro Manila 4031Philippines Department of Agricultural Biology Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka Yazhouwan National Laboratory No.8 Huanjin RoadYazhou DistrictSanya CityHainan Province 572024China Hainan University Haikou 570228China ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia School of Science Monash University Malaysia47500 Bandar SunwaySelangor 47500Malaysia Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center(Genebank) KhumaltarPO Box 3055KathmanduNepal Plant Biology Division Insttute of Biological SciencesUniversity of the Pilippines Los BanosLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Bio and Emerging Technology Institute Addis Ababa 1165Ethiopia National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)Dassa-ZouméBP 14Benin National Genebank Rice and Cash Crops Research CenterNAFRIVientiane 0605Lao PDR Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK UK Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences and University of Nottingham Nottingham LE125RDUK Department of Plant and Environmental Biology University of GhanaAccraGhana Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Genetic Resources Research InstituteNairobi 00200Kenya Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGSPorto Alegre 91501-970RSBrazil Department of Agricultur

Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing ***(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's *** rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate *** rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme *** has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding *** identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice *** addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental ***,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic *** the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.

关键词： germplasm breeding crops

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Droplet-based bioprinting enables the fabrication of cell–hydrogel–microfibre composite tissue precursors

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第3期5卷 512-528页

作者： Marcin Kotlarz Ana M.Ferreira Piergiorgio Gentile Stephen j.Russell kenneth Dalgarno School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE17RUUK School of Design University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Composites offer the option of coupling the individual benefits of their constituents to achieve unique material properties,which can be of extra value in many tissue engineering *** combining hydrogelswith fibre-based scaffolds can create tissue constructs with enhanced biological and structural ***,developing efficient and scalable approaches to manufacture such composites is ***,we use a droplet-based bioprinting system called reactive j.t impingement(Rej.)to integrate a cell-laden hydrogel with a microfibrous *** system uses microvalves connected to different bioink reservoirs and directed to continuously j.t bioink droplets at one another in mid-air,where the droplets react and form a hydrogel that lands on a microfibrous ***–hydrogel–fibre composites are produced by embedding human dermal fibroblasts at two different concentrations(5×10^(6) and 30×10^(6) cells/mL)in a collagen–alginate–fibrin hydrogel matrix and bioprinted onto a fibre-based *** results show that both types of cell–hydrogel–microfibre composite maintain high cell viability and promote cell–cell and cell–biomaterial *** lower fibroblast density triggers cell proliferation,whereas the higher fibroblast density facilitates faster cellular organisation and infiltration into the ***,the fibrous component of the composite is characterised by high swelling properties and the quick release of calcium *** data indicate that the created composite constructs offer an efficient way to create highly functional tissue precursors for laminar tissue engineering,particularly for wound healing and skin tissue engineering applications.

关键词： Bioprinting Hydrogel–fibre composites High-cell-density hydrogels Composite manufacturing

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Toward implantable devices for angle-sensitive,lens-less,multifluorescent,single-photon lifetime imaging in the brain using Fabry-Perot and absorptive color filters

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第2期11卷 197-211页

作者： Adriaan j.Taal Changhyuk Lee j.ebin Choi Bj.rn Hellenkamp kenneth L.Shepard Columbia University-Department of Electrical Engineering 500W.120th St.Mudd 1310New York 10027 NYUSA Korea Institute of Science and Technology-Brain Science Institute 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gilSeongbuk-guSeoul 02792Republic of Korea

Implantable image sensors have the potential to revolutionize *** to their small form factor requirements;however,conventional filters and optics cannot be *** limitations obstruct highresolution imaging of large neural *** advances in angle-sensitive image sensors and single-photon avalanche diodes have provided a path toward ultrathin lens-less fluorescence imaging,enabling plenoptic sensing by extending sensing capabilities to include photon arrival time and incident angle,thereby providing the opportunity for separability of fluorescence point sources within the context of light-field microscopy(LFM).However,the addition of spectral sensitivity to angle-sensitive LFM reduces imager resolution because each wavelength requires a separate pixel ***,we present a 1024-pixel,50μm thick implantable shank-based neural imager with color-filtergrating-based angle-sensitive *** angular-spectral sensitive front end combines a metal–insulator–metal(MIM)Fabry–Perot color filter and diffractive optics to produce the measurement of orthogonal light-field information from two distinct colors within a single *** result is the ability to add independent color sensing to LFM while doubling the effective pixel *** implantable imager combines angular-spectral and temporal information to demix and localize multispectral fluorescent *** this initial prototype,this is demonstrated with 45μm diameter fluorescently labeled beads in scattering *** lifetime imaging is exploited to further aid source separation,in addition to detecting pH through lifetime changes in fluorescent *** these initial fluorescent targets are considerably brighter than fluorescently labeled neurons,further improvements will allow the application of these techniques to in-vivo multifluorescent structural and functional neural imaging.

关键词： filters lifetime angle

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Expanding beyond endoscopy: A review of non-invasive modalities in Barrett’s esophagus screening and surveillance

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2022年第32期28卷 4516-4526页

作者： Dariush Shahsavari Praneeth Kudaravalli j.hn Erikson L Yap kenneth j.Vega Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Augusta University-Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Barrett’s esophagus(BE)is a condition that results from replacement of the damaged normal squamous esophageal mucosa to intestinal columnar mucosa and is the most significant predisposing factor for development of esophageal *** guidelines recommend endoscopic evaluation for screening and surveillance based on various risk factors which has limitations such as invasiveness,availability of a trained specialist,patient logistics and ***-nasal endoscopy is a less invasive modality but still has similar limitations such as limited availability of trained specialist and ***-endoscopic modalities,in comparison,require minimal intervention,can be done in an office visit and has the potential to be a more ideal choice for mass public screening and surveillance,particularly in patents at low risk for *** include newer generations of esophageal capsule endoscopy which provides direct visualization of BE,and tethered capsule endomicroscopy which can obtain high-resolution images of the *** cell collection devices coupled with biomarkers have been used for BE ***,in combination with TFF3,as well as EsophaCap and EsoCheck have shown promising results in various studies when used with various *** modalities including circulatory microRNAs and volatile organic compounds that have demonstrated favorable *** of these cell collection methods for BE surveillance is a potential area of future research.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Screening Surveillance Non-endoscopic Cytosponge Esophacap Esocheck

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A decision framework for identifying models to estimate forest ecosystem services gains from restoration

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 126-137页

作者： Zachary L. Christin kenneth j. Bagstad Michael A. Verdone Earth Economics 107 N Tacoma Ave Tacoma WA 98403 USA. U.S. Geological Survey Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center Box 25046 MS 980 Denver CO 80225 USA. International Union for the Conservation of Nature 1630 Connecticut Ave. NW #300 Washington DC 20009 USA.

Restoring degraded forests and agricultural lands has become a global conservation priority. A growing number of tools can quantify ecosystem service tradeoffs associated with forest restoration. This evolving ＂tools landscape＂ presents a dilemma： more tools are available, but selecting appropriate tools has become more challenging. We present a Restoration Ecosystem Service Tool Selector （RESTS） framework that describes key characteristics of 13 ecosystem service assessment tools. Analysts enter information about their decision context, services to be analyzed, and desired outputs. Tools are filtered and presented based on five evaluative criteria： scalability, cost, time requirements, handling of uncertainty, and applicability to benefit-cost analysis. RESTS uses a spreadsheet interface but a web-based interface is planned. Given the rapid evolution of ecosystem services science, RESTS provides an adaptable framework to guide forest restoration decision makers toward tools that can help quantify ecosystem services in support of restoration.

关键词： Decision support Ecosystem services Forest restoration Modeling Valuation Comparative toolsassessment

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