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溪洛渡水库水温日变化的测量与分析

水科学进展 2018年第4期29卷 523-536页

作者：谢奇珂刘昭伟陈永灿陈啸 kenneth Tyler Werk 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室北京100084 西南科技大学环境与资源学院四川绵阳621010

溪洛渡等河道型水库具有库容大且径流量大的特点,热动力过程和水温分布迥异于天然河流或湖泊。通过温度链对溪洛渡水库坝前水温进行长期高频监测,选取升温期和降温期典型时段,分析表层水温的昼夜变化和温跃层的内波现象;计算表面热交换... 详细信息

溪洛渡等河道型水库具有库容大且径流量大的特点,热动力过程和水温分布迥异于天然河流或湖泊。通过温度链对溪洛渡水库坝前水温进行长期高频监测,选取升温期和降温期典型时段,分析表层水温的昼夜变化和温跃层的内波现象;计算表面热交换,并分析其对水温变化的影响。结果表明:水面混合层在水面热交换的控制下周期性出现和消失;在升温期水面吸热对于变温层升温过程有重要影响;在降温期,水面失热驱动了垂向混合,入流降温形成侵入流,共同控制变温层的降温过程;温跃层中24 h周期的内波形成与出流日调节有直接因果关系。与实测数据计算的水面热通量相比,采用气象站日值数据的溪洛渡数值模型的模拟值偏小。

关键词：水温水面热交换日变化溪洛渡水库

Incidenee and time-varying predictors of hIV and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers in Mexico City

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第1期10卷 36-45页

作者： Karla Y.Ganley Marta Wilson-Barthes Andrew R.Zullo Sandra G.Sosa-Rubi Carlos J.Conde-Glez Santa Garcia-Cisneros Mark N.Lurie Brandon D.L.Marshall Don Operario kenneth h.Mayer Omar Galarraga Department of Narrative Medicine Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthBrown UniversityProvide neeRlUSA Department of health Services Policyand PracticeSchool of Public HealthBrown University121 South Main StreetBox G-121S-2ProvidenceRl 02912USA National Institute of Public health(INSP) CuernavacaMorelosMexico Department of Behavioral and Social Science School of Public HealthBrown UniversityProvidenceRlUSA Fenway health and harvard University BostonMAUSA.

Background:Male sex workers are at high-risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections(STIs),including human immunodeficiency virus(hIV).We quantified incidence rates of STIs and identified their time-varying predictors among male sex workers in Mexico ***:From January 2012 to May 2014,male sex workers recruited from the largest hIV clinic and community sites in Mexico City were tested for chlamydia,gonorrhea,syphilis,hepatitis,and hIV at baseline,6-months,and *** nee rates with 95%bootstrapped confide nee limits were *** examined potential timevarying predictors using generalized estimating equations for a population averaged ***:Among 227 male sex workers,median age was 24 and baseline hIV prevalence was 32%.Incidence rates(per 100 person-years)were as follows:hIV[5.23;95%confidence interval(CI):2.15-10.31],chlamydia(5.15;95%CI:2.58-9.34),gonorrhea(3.93;95%CI:1.88-7.83),syphilis(13.04;95%CI:8.24-19.94),hepatitis B(2.11;95%CI:0.53-4.89),hepatitis C(0.95;95%CI:0.00-3.16),any STI except hIV(30.99;95%CI:21.73-40.26),and any STI including hIV(50.08;95%CI:37.6062.55).In the multivariable-adjusted model,incident STI(excluding hIV)were lower among those who reported consistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse(odds ratio=0.03,95%CI:0.00-0.68)compared to those who reported inconsistently using condoms during anal and vaginal ***:Incidence of STIs is high among male sex workers in Mexico *** condom use is an important protective factor for STIs,and should be an important comp on ent of interventions to prevent incide nt infect i ons.

关键词： Male sex worker Men who have sex with men hIV Sexually transmitted infection Transmission Risk factor Mexico

The Fate of Agent Blue, the Arsenic Based herbicide, Used in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第11期10卷 518-577页

作者： kenneth R. Olson Larry Cihacek Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA School of Natural Resources North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USA

The destruction of the South Vietnamese rice (Oryza sativa L) crop using an arsenic-based herbicide known as Agent Blue during the American Vietnam War (1965-1972) was not a secret;however, it received little media attention in the United States. Republic of Vietnam and United States (U.S.) militaries began destroying food crops (rice) in November of 1962 primarily via aerial applications in the Mekong Delta and Central highlands of South Vietnam. Spraying of Agent Blue on 100,000 ha of mangrove forests and about 300,000 ha of rice paddies just before rice harvest time resulted in the destruction of the standing crop and rendered the land contaminated with arsenic (As). Six Rainbow herbicides, commonly called Agent Orange, Agent Green, Agent Pink, Agent Purple, Agent White, and Agent Blue, were sprayed on wetlands, rice paddies, forests, mangroves, bamboo and military base perimeter fences to defoliate jungle vegetation, reveal guerilla hiding places and destroy the food supply of enemy troops. South Vietnamese farmers, U.S. and Republic of Vietnam military personnel, and communist insurgents were exposed to these herbicides with immediate and longer term impacts on personal health, civilian household food security and population-wide famine. Agent Blue (cacodylic acid, C2h2AsO2,) was the most effective of all the Rainbow herbicides in killing rice and grasses. Manufacturing of cacodylic acid began in the late 1950s in the U.S. at the Ansul Company chemical plant in Marinette, Wisconsin and Menominee, Michigan. During the Vietnam War, ocean going ships were loaded with 208-liter Agent Blue barrels and shipped via the St. Lawrence Seaway to the coast of South Vietnam. Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring element that is found throughout SE Asia deltas including the Mekong Delta. Today arsenic contaminated rice and groundwater are growing concerns as neither naturally occurring arsenic nor anthropic arsenic have a half-life a

关键词： Ansul Chemical Company Arthur W. Galston Arsenic As Food Crops Groundwater Marinette Wisconsin Menominee Michigan Menominee River Rice Rice Paddies Rainbow herbicides Mekong Delta

Diurnal variation in fecal concentrations of acid-detergent insoluble ash and alkaline-peroxide lignin from cattle fed bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient content

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 410-415页

作者： Juvenal Kanani Dirk Philipp kenneth P Coffey Elizabeth B Kegley Charles P West Shane Gadberry John Jennings Ashley N Young Robert T Rhein Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

Background： The effect of time of fecal sampling on the accuracy of acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA） and alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL） for the prediction of fecal output （FO） in cattle was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 _＋ 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon （L.） Pers.] hay diets markedly different in crude protein concentration （79-164 g/kg） with 2 replicates per diet for 3 periods. Cows were offered hay individually at 20 g DM/kg of body weight daily in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation period followed by 5-d of total fecal collection. Fecal grab samples also were taken each day during the fecal collection period at 06：00, 12：00, 18：00, and 24：00 h either directly from the rectum or from freshly voided feces. Samples were composited within cow and time across the 5 d total fecal collection period. Additionally, forage, ort, and fecal samples were analyzed for concentrations of APL and ADIA. Results： Fecal concentrations of ADIA and APL were not affected by sampling time （P 〉 0.22）, even though diet affected （P 〈 0.01） fecal ADIA and APL concentrations. There were no diet x sampling time interactions （P ≥ 0.60）. Estimates of FO and dry matter digestibility （DMD） from ADIA and APL were not affected （P 〉 0.16） by sampling time or the diet x sampling time interaction （P 〉 0.74）. Estimates of FO and DMD from markers from different sampling times or all different combinations of sampling time were not different （P 〉 0.72） from those of total collection among internal markers. Conclusion： Little variation in concentrations of ADIA and APL in daily fecal excretion across time increases flexibility in fecal grab sampling schedules for predicting FO and DMD.

关键词： Digestibility Fecal sampling time Internal markers Bermudagrass Cattle

Associations between walking parameters and subsequent sleep difficulty in older adults: A 2-year follow-up study

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2018年第1期7卷 95-101页

作者： Li-Jung Chen kenneth R.Fox Wen-Jung Sun Pei-Shu Tsai Po-Wen Ku Dachen Chu Department of Exercise health Science Taiwan University of Sport Department of Epidemiology and Public health University College London Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences University of Bristol Family Medicine Department Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation Changhua University of Education Graduate Institute of Sports and health Changhua University of Education Department of Neurosurgery Taipei City Hospital and Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center Yang-Ming University

Purpose: This 2-year follow-up study aimed to examine the associations between total volume, frequency, duration, and speed of walking with subsequent sleep difficulty in older ***: A total of 800 older adults aged 65 years and over participated in the first survey in 2012 and 511 of them were followed 2 years *** 5-item Athens Insomnia Scale(AIS-5) was used to measure sleep difficulty. Frequency, duration, and speed of outdoor walking were self-reported. Walking speed was assigned a metabolic equivalent value(MET) from 2.5 to 4.5. Total walking volume in MET-h/week was calculated as frequency × duration × speed. Negative binomial regressions were performed to examine the associations between volume and components of walking with subsequent sleep difficulty with covariates of age, sex, education, marital status, living arrangement, smoking, alcohol consumption, mental health, Charlson Index, exercise(excluding walking), and sleep difficulty at ***: Participants with low walking volume had a higher level of sleep difficulty 2 years later compared with those with high walking volume(incident rate ratios = 1.61, p = 0.004). When speed, frequency, and duration of walking were simultaneously entered into 1 model, only walking speed was significantly associated with subsequent sleep difficulty(after the model was adjusted for covariates and baseline sleep difficulty).Sensitivity analyses showed that walking duration emerged as a significant predictor among 3 walking parameters, with 2-year changes of sleep scores as dependent ***: Total amount of walking(especially faster walking and lasting for more than 20 min) is associated with less subsequent sleep difficulty after 2 years among older adults.

关键词：成年人睡觉协会持续时间新陈代谢心理健康速度体积

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有氧运动的历史——历经50年,仍在前进中

体育科研 2018年第6期39卷 19-23,64页

作者： kenneth h.Cooper 朱为模库珀有氧中心美国伊利偌伊大学

《有氧运动》出版至今已有50年,追溯过去,我从未想过医生对于运动在医学实践中价值的态度会发生翻天覆地的变化。在我的一生中,我从未想到能见证平板测试成为完整检查的必要组成部分,没想到缺乏身体活动的重要性影响可与高血压和高胆固... 详细信息

《有氧运动》出版至今已有50年,追溯过去,我从未想过医生对于运动在医学实践中价值的态度会发生翻天覆地的变化。在我的一生中,我从未想到能见证平板测试成为完整检查的必要组成部分,没想到缺乏身体活动的重要性影响可与高血压和高胆固醇齐平,也没想到吸烟会被认为是影响冠状动脉的危险因素。本文介绍了在我和本领域许多同事的工作以及库珀研究中心(The Cooper Institute)的重要工作的影响下,这种缓慢但渐进的转变是如何发生的。1970年6月,我租用了一个研究所,也就是后来的库珀诊所(Cooper Clinic),半年之后,我在那里见到了我的第一个病人,现在库珀中心纵向研究作为世界上最大的比较测量健康水平的数据库,我们不再需要依赖问卷调查和从发表的700多篇学术文献中找寻健身与健康的关联,我们已经证明并且可以有把握地说,"运动是良医",更具体地说,我希望本文能够展示我们和其他人在这项科学研究中所做的工作,此外,即使是最严厉的批评者现在也在说,"这些结果令人印象深刻,不容忽视。"

关键词：运动是良医体适能健康青少年

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寻找合适的医生

中国医院院长 2009年第22期5卷 76-78页

作者： kenneth h.Cohn 何倩

美国人口逐渐老龄化，对医疗服务的需求也更加复杂，并且许多医生都到了退休年龄，而年轻一代的医生（出生于1965年以后）对于从事临床工作和个人生活的关系与上一代医生有着截然不同的观点，他们往往更加强调工作与生活的平衡，这些都... 详细信息

美国人口逐渐老龄化，对医疗服务的需求也更加复杂，并且许多医生都到了退休年龄，而年轻一代的医生（出生于1965年以后）对于从事临床工作和个人生活的关系与上一代医生有着截然不同的观点，他们往往更加强调工作与生活的平衡，这些都给美国的医疗系统带来了前所未有的挑战。

关键词：医生医疗服务临床工作医疗系统老龄化美国生活

Long-Term Fate of Agent Orange and Dioxin TCDD Contaminated Soils and Sediments in Vietnam hotspots

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2019年第1期9卷 1-34页

作者： kenneth Ray Olson Lois Wright Morton Department of NRES College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL USA Department of Sociology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Iowa State University Ames IA USA

The soils, tropical climate, and network of canals and rivers of southern Vietnam have created one of the most diverse tropical jungles and intensely cultivated landscapes of Southeast Asia. This paradise has a long history of numerous wars, foreign occupations, and most recently the Second Indochina War (aka the Vietnam War 1965-1972) which defoliated rain forests and ancient wetland mangroves and left behind contaminated soil and sediment hotspots. During this war, the United States (US) military sprayed 80 million liters of Agent Orange contaminated with the dioxin TCDD in a guerrilla war against communist insurgents. Agent Orange was a synthetic plant growth regulator comprised of equal amounts of two herbicides 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid C8h6Cl2O3 (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid C8h5Cl3O3 (2,4,5-T). TCDD, the dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (C12h4Cl4O2) was an unintended byproduct of the accelerated combustion process used in the manufacture of herbicides containing 2,4,5-T. Agent Orange has frequently been blamed for soil and sediment contamination and long-term human health problems;however, the true source of harm is the dioxin TCDD. Agent Orange has a short half-life of days and weeks after application to vegetation, and has not been found to persist, after 50 years, in the water or soils of southern Vietnam. however, the half-life of dioxin TCDD depends on where it is deposited and varies from 1 to 3 years on soil surfaces that have been fully exposed to sunlight, to as long as 20 to 50 years or more when buried in tropical subsoils, and more than 100 years in river and sea sediments. Dioxin TCDD was heavily concentrated in the US Air Force bases in Vietnam where the herbicides were stored, loaded on planes and helicopters for aerial spraying, and used extensively around military base perimeter fences as a security measure to prevent surprise attacks. Bien hoa Air Force base, 40 km northeast of ho Chi Minh City, continues to be

关键词： Soils of Vietnam Agent Orange Dioxin TCDD herbicides Soil Contaminant Sediment Contaminant half-Life hotspots Operation Ranch hand US Airbases in Vietnam Vietnam War Cu Chi Soil Tunnels Guerilla Warfare Incineration

human Serum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect A549 from PM_(2.5)-induced Cell Apoptosis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期34卷 40-49页

作者： ZhOU Qiu Lian BAI Yu Zheng GAO Juan DUAN Yi LYU Yi Cheng GUAN Long Fei ELKIN kenneth XIE Yu Ling JIAO Zheng WANG hong Yun Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China China-America Institute of Neuroscience Beijing Luhe HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 101149China Department of Neurosurgery Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMI 48201USA

Objective Epidemiological studies reveal that exposure to fine particulate matter(aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm,PM_(2.5))increases the morbidity and mortality of respiratory *** evidence suggests that human circulating extracellular vesicles(EVs)may offer protective effects against injury caused by particulate ***,however,whether EVs attenuate PM_(2.5)-induced A549 cell apoptosis is *** EVs were isolated from the serum of healthy subjects,quantified via nanoparticle tracking analysis,and qualified by the marker protein ***_(2.5)-exposed(50μg/mL)A549 cells were pretreated with 10μg/mL EVs for 24 *** viability,cell apoptosis,and AKT activation were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8,flow cytometry,and Western blot,respectively.A rescue experiment was also performed using MK2206,an AKT *** PM_(2.5)exposure caused a 100%in crease in cell *** treatme nt reduced cell apoptosis by 10%,promoted cell survival,and inhibited the PM_(2.5)-induced upregulation of Bax/Bcl2 and cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 in PM_(2.5)-exposed A549 ***,EVs treatment reversed PM_(2.5)-induced reductions in p-AKT^(Thr308)and p-AKT^(Ser473).A KT inhibition attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of EVs treatment on PM_(2.5)-exposed A549 *** EVs treatment promotes cell survival and attenuates PM_(2.5)-induced cell apoptosis via AKT *** serum-derived EVs may be an efficacious novel therapeutic strategy in PM_(2.5)-induced lung injury.

关键词： Cell apoptosis PM_(2.5) Extracellular vesicles Therapy AKT