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Effic.c. Improvement of a Bioherbic.dal Fungus Using a Formulation-Based Approac.

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2016年第16期7卷 2349-2358页

作者： c.yde D. Boyette Robert E. Hoagland kenneth c. stetina USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA USDA-ARS Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Greenhouse experiments were c.nduc.ed to determine the effec.s of an invert (water-in-oil) emulsion (IE) on dew period duration and dew delay of c.lletotric.um c.c.odes for bioc.ntrol of the problematic.weed, eastern blac. nightshade (Solanum ptyc.nthum). Dew periods of 4, 8, or 12 h provided 10%, 25%, and 40% c.ntrol of eastern blac. nightshade plants, respec.ively, when c. c.c.odes (Strain NRRL 15,547) spores were applied in water + Tween 80 surfac.ant 12 days after inoc.lation, but a minimum of 16 h of dew was required to ac.ieve ~95% plant mortality. In c.ntrast, at these same intervals of dew, 95%, 100% and 100% mortality oc.urred, respec.ively, when fungal spores were formulated in the IE. Even in the absenc. of dew, 60% mortality and 70% dry weight reduc.ions of plants was ac.ieved with the fungus/IE formulation Delaying dew by 2 h after inoc.lation did not signific.ntly reduc. weed c.ntrol or plant dry weight reduc.ions when plants were inoc.lated with the fungus either in the aqueous or in the IE formulation. However, when dew was delayed for 4, 8, or 12 h, only 60%, 50%, and 25% mortality, respec.ively, of plants rec.iving the aqueous spore treatment oc.urred. In c.ntrast, 95%, 90%, and 90% weed mortality oc.urred after the same dew delays of plants rec.iving the fungus/ IE treatments. These results demonstrate that formulating c. c.c.odes spores in an invert emulsion greatly improves the bioherbic.dal potential of this fungus. Furthermore, results suggest that this formulation may render pathogens previously rejec.ed for development as bioherbic.des due to restric.ive dew requirements more effic.c.ous for use in c.ntrolling their target weeds.

关键词： c.lletotric.um c.c.odes Solanum ptyc.nthum Bioherbic.de Invert Emulsion Formulation

Interac.ion of Glufosinate and c.lletotric.um trunc.tumon Ammonia Levels and Glutamine Synthetase Ac.ivity in Hemp Sesbania

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2018年第11期9卷 2320-2337页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland c. Douglas Boyette Robin H. Jordan kenneth c. stetina c.op Produc.ion Systems Researc. Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA Biologic.l c.ntrol of Pests Researc. Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA

The use of mic.obes and mic.obial produc.s as bioherbic.des has been studied for several dec.des, and c.mbinations of bioherbic.des and herbic.des have been examined to disc.ver possible synergistic.interac.ions to improve weed c.ntrol effic.c.. Bioassays were c.nduc.ed to assess possible interac.ions of the herbic.de glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic.ac.d] and c.lletotric.um trunc.tum (c.), a fungal bioherbic.de to c.ntrol hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata)]. Glufosinate ac.s as a glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor that c.uses elevated ammonia levels, but the mode of ac.ion of c. is unknown. GS has also been implic.ted in plant defense in c.rtain plant-pathogen interac.ions. The effec.s of spray applic.tions of glufosinate (1.0 mM) orbioherbic.de (8.0 × 104 c.nidia ml-1), applied alone or in c.mbination were monitored (88 h time-c.urse) on seedling growth, GS ac.ivity and ammonia levels in hypoc.tyl tissues under c.ntrolled environmental c.nditions. Growth (elongation and fresh weight) and extrac.able GS ac.ivity were inhibited in tissues by glufosinate and glufosinate plus c. treatments as early as 16 h, but c. treatment did not c.use substantial growth reduc.ion or GS inhibition until after ~40 h. Generally, ammonia levels in hemp sesbania tissues under these various treatments were inversely c.rrelated with GS ac.ivity. Loc.lization of hemp sesbania GS ac.ivity on elec.rophoretic.gels indic.ted a lac. of ac.ivity after 30 h in glufosinate and glufosinate plus c.-treated tissue. Untreated c.ntrol tissues c.ntained muc. lower ammonia levels at 24, 64, and 88 h after treatment than treatments with c., glufosinate or their c.mbination. c. alone c.used elevated ammonia levels only after 64 - 88 h. Glufosinate inc.rporated in agar at 0.25 mM to 2.0 mM, c.used a 10% - 45% reduc.ion of c. c.lony radial growth, c.mpared to fungal growth on agar without glufosinate, and the herbic.de also inhibited sporulation of c.. Although no synergistic.interac

关键词： Bioherbic.de Hemp Sesbania Glutamine Synthetase Ammonia Glufosinate c.lletotric.um trunc.tum

Interac.ion of the Bioherbic.de Myrothec.um verruc.ria and Glyphosate for Kudzu c.ntrol

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2014年第26期5卷 3943-3956页

作者： c.yde Douglas Boyette Robert E. Hoagland Mark A. Weaver kenneth c. stetina United States Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA United States Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Kudzu is an exotic.invasive weed in the southeastern U.S. that is diffic.lt to c.ntrol with c.rrent c.mmerc.al herbic.des. Some suc.ess for its c.ntrol has been ac.ieved using a bioherbic.dal agent, Myrothec.um verruc.ria (MV). Spore and myc.lial formulations of MV were tested alone and in c.mbination with glyphosate for c.ntrol of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) under greenhouse and field c.nditions in naturally-infested areas. In greenhouse and field experiments, kudzu c.ntrol inc.eased as the c.nc.ntration of spores or myc.lia inc.eased. Glyphosate alone provided 10%, 35%, 50% and 60% c.ntrol in field experiments at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0X rates, respec.ively and MV alone spores provided 15%, 50%, 65% and 85% c.ntrol at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0X rates, respec.ively. However, when MV spores were c.mbined with glyphosate, signific.ntly higher c.ntrol oc.urred than that c.used by either c.mponent alone. Similar levels of c.ntrol were observed for MV myc.lial formulations applied alone or with glyphosate at equivalent c.nc.ntrations of the fungus. The rate of disease progression was more rapid and severe at all fungal spore or myc.lial formulations and herbic.de rates when these propagules were applied in c.mbination with glyphosate. In field tests, 24 h after applic.tion, only 20% of kudzu plants were severely damaged by MV alone (0.25X), whereas 80% were severely diseased when MV spores and glyphosate were mixed and applied at 0.25X rates eac.. A similar trend oc.urred with the MV myc.lial formulation applied at these rates. Synergist interac.ions on kudzu c.ntrol were observed, espec.ally when lower levels of MV (spores or myc.lia) and glyphosate were c.mbined and applied to kudzu in the greenhouse or in the field. These results suggest that it may be possible to inc.rporate glyphosate to improve the bioherbic.dal c.ntrol potential and reduc. herbic.de and inoc.lum requirements of M. verruc.ria spores or myc.lium for c.ntrolling kudzu.

关键词： Bioherbic.de Glyphosate Kudzu Myrothec.um verruc.ria Pueraria lobata

Interac.ion of the Bioherbic.de Myrothec.um verruc.riawith Tec.nic.l-Grade Glyphosate on Glyphosate-Susc.ptible and -Resistant Palmer Amaranth

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2018年第11期9卷 2306-2319页

Previously we found that a strain of Myrothec.um verruc.ria (MV) exhibited bioherbic.dal ac.ivity against several important weeds, and that some c.mmerc.al formulations of glyphosate applied with MV resulted in synergistic.interac.ions that improved weed c.ntrol effic.c.. We also found that MV had bioherbic.dal ac.ivity against glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. We have also reported that some c.mmerc.al formulations are inhibitory to MV. Our objec.ives were to test the effec. of unformulated glyphosate (high purity, tec.nic.l-grade glyphosate) alone and in c.mbination with MV for bioherbic.dal ac.ivity on glyphosate-susc.ptible and -resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes under greenhouse c.nditions and to examine tec.nic.l-grade glyphosate on the growth of this bioherbic.de. High purity glyphosate (without adjuvants/surfac.ants) was not toxic.to MV growth and sporulation at c.nc.ntrations up to 2.0 mM when grown on agar supplemented with the herbic.de. Both biotypes were injured by MV and MV plus glyphosate treatments as early as 19 h after applic.tion (3 h after a dew period of 16 h). These injury effec.s inc.eased and were more evident through the 6-day time c.urse, when after 120 h the MV plus glyphosate treatment had killed all glyphosate-susc.ptible and -resistant plants. The interac.ion of glyphosate plus MV was synergistic.toward the c.ntrol of Palmer amaranth. Data strongly suggest that the ac.ive ingredient is responsible for the synergy previously found when this bioherbic.de was c.mbined with some c.mmerc.al formulations of glyphosate. Results demonstrated that MV c.n c.ntrol both glyphosate-resistant and -susc.ptible Palmer amaranth seedlings and ac. synergistic.lly with high-purity glyphosate to provide improved weed c.ntrol.

关键词： Amaranthus palmeri Bioc.ntrol Agent Bioherbic.de Biologic.l Weed c.ntrol Glyphosate-Resistanc. Myrothec.um verruc.ria Palmer Amaranth Pigweed

Effec.s of Myrothec.um verruc.riaon Two Glyphosate-Resistant Amaranthus palmeriBiotypes Differing in Betac.anin c.ntent

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2020年第2期11卷 214-225页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland c.yde Douglas Boyette Robin H. Jordan kenneth c. stetina c.op Produc.ion Systems Researc. Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA Biologic.l c.ntrol of Pests Researc. Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA

Previously we found two biotypes of Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) in a population of this ec.nomic.lly important weed that were resistant to glyphosate but differed with respec. to pigmentation. One biotype was typic.lly red-pigmented (betac.anin) while the other was green, with no visual appearanc. of red hue on any plant part at any growth stage. We have also reported that a strain of Myrothec.um verruc.ria (MV) exhibited bioherbic.dal ac.ivity against several important weeds inc.uding glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. In greenhouse tests, MV was applied to these two biotypes (red and green) at two ages (3-week- and 6-week-old) and effec.s of this fungus monitored over a 5-day time c.urse. Initial symptoms of MV (16 to 24 h after inoc.lation) were: epinastic.c.rvature, wilting and development of lesions on leaves and stems. Generally, the younger plants tended to be more sensitive to MV than older plants. Bioherbic.dal damage inc.eased with time leading to nec.osis and plant mortality and inc.easing disease progress. Severe loss of fresh weight oc.urred in both biotypes as c.mpared to untreated plants. Results indic.ted that MV was effec.ive on both biotypes, but effec.s on growth reduc.ion and disease progression were more rapid and generally greater in the green biotype, suggesting that c.mpounds responsible for red pigmentation may be more potent as defense against pathogen attac..

关键词： Betalain Bioherbic.de Biologic.l Weed c.ntrol Palmer Amaranth Pigweed

Bioherbic.dal Effic.c. of a Myrothec.um verruc.ria-Sec.or on Several Plant Spec.es

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2016年第16期7卷 2376-2389页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland c.yde D. Boyette kenneth c. stetina Robin H. Jordan United States Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA United States Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

c.mparative studies were c.nduc.ed on myc.lial preparations of the bioherbic.de, Myrothec.um verruc.ria (MV) strain IMI 361690 and a rec.ntly disc.vered sec.or (MV-Sec.or BSH) of this fungus. The whitish sec.or was disc.vered, isolated, grown in pure c.lture on PDA and found to be a stable, non-spore produc.ng mutant when c.ltured over several months under c.nditions that c.use c.rc.dian sporulation during growth of its MV parent. Applic.tion of MV and MV-Sec.or BSH myc.lial preparations to intac. plants (hemp sesbania and sic.lepod) and leaf disc. (kudzu and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth) showed that the sec.or effic.c. was generally equal to, or slightly lower than MV. Bioassays of MV and this sec.or on seed germination and early growth of sic.lepod and hemp sesbania seeds demonstrated that hemp sesbania seeds were slightly more sensitive to the fungus than sic.lepod seeds and that the sec.or bioherbic.dal ac.ivity was slightly less than that of MV. SDS-PAGE protein profiles of c.llular extrac.s of MV and the sec.or and their respec.ive c.lture supernatants showed several differenc.s with respec. to quantity and number of c.rtain protein bands. Overall results showed that the isolate was a non-spore produc.ng mutant with phytotoxic.ty to several weeds (inc.uding weeds tolerant or resistant to glyphosate), and that the phytotoxic.effec.s were generally equivalent to those c.used by MV treatment. Results of this first report of a non-sporulating MV mutant that suggest additional studies on protein analysis, and an extended weed host range under greenhouse and field c.nditions are needed in order to further evaluate its possible bioherbic.dal potential.

关键词： Bioherbic.de Glyphosate-Resistanc. Palmer Amaranth Kudzu Hemp Sesbania Sic.lepod Myrothec.um verruc.ria Fungal Sec.or

Bile ac.d signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic.and immunologic.l homeostasis

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Life Sc.enc.s) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth c.P.c.eung Xiaojiao Zheng Sc.ool of c.inese Medic.ne Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina c.nter for Translational Medic.ne and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile ac.ds(BAs)play a c.uc.al role in nutrient absorption and ac. as key regulators of lipid and gluc.se metabolism and immune *** the enterohepatic.c.rc.lation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering the vasc.lar c.rc.lation and distributing *** allows BAs to interac. with rec.ptors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interac.ions that regulate both loc.l and global metabolic.proc.sses,as well as the immune *** review foc.ses on the whole-body effec.s of BA-mediated metabolic.and immunologic.l regulation,inc.uding in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and *** BA synthesis and rec.ptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.

关键词： bile ac.d whole body metabolism immunity

Mec.anistic.insight into c.(Ⅵ)retention by Si-c.ntaining ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying Hu Qiang Xue Honghan c.en Huaming Guo kenneth c.c.rroll Song Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater c.rc.lation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resourc.s and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretic.l c.emistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent c.romium[c.(Ⅵ)]c.uses serious harm to the environment due to its high toxic.ty,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of c.(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually c.exist with silic.te(Si),forming Si-c.ntaining ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mec.anism of c.(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mec.anisms of c.(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** elec.ron mic.osc.pe,Fourier transform infrared spec.rosc.py,X-ray diffrac.ion,X-ray photoelec.ron spec.rosc.py,and other tec.niques were used to c.arac.erize Si-Fh and c.(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that spec.fic.surfac. area of Si-Fh inc.eases gradually with inc.easing Si/Fe ratios,but c.(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh dec.eases with inc.easing Si/Fe *** is bec.use with an inc.ease in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero c.arge of Si-Fh gradually dec.eases and elec.rostatic.repulsion between Si-Fh and c.(Ⅵ)***,the c.mplexation of c.(Ⅵ)is enhanc.d due to the inc.ease in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with inc.easing Si/Fe molar ratio,whic. partly c.unterac.s the effec. of the elec.rostatic.***,the inc.ease in the elec.rostatic.repulsion has a greater impac. on adsorption than the additional c.mplexation with *** func.ional theory c.lc.lation further supports this observation,showing the inc.eases in elec.ron variation of bonding atoms and reac.ion energies of inner spheric.l c.mplexes with the inc.ease in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent c.romium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio c.(Ⅵ)Adsorption

Host Range and Virulenc. of a Fungal Pathogen for c.ntrol of Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta)

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2021年第3期12卷 444-454页

作者： c.yde D. Boyette Robert E. Hoagland Lawrenc. R. Higgenbotham H. Lynn Walker James A. Young kenneth c. stetina USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA c.op Produc.ion Systems Researc. Unit Stoneville MS USA Louisiana Tec. University Ruston LA USA

A teleomorph of the fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina (Berkeley et c.rtis) von Arx, (Br) was evaluated as a bioherbic.de for c.ntrol of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitc.ell) under greenhouse c.nditions and in sm... 详细信息

A teleomorph of the fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina (Berkeley et Curtis) von Arx, (Br) was evaluated as a bioherbicide for control of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) under greenhouse conditions and in small-scale field trials. We found that fungal mycelium was highly infective and could be rapidly produced (48+ h) in soy flour-cornmeal liquid media contained in shake flasks or fermenters. A dew period was not required to achieve infection and mortality of inoculated plants. A surfactant (Silwet L-77, a polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl-trisiloxane) incorporated in the fungal formulation was required for Br to infect and kill plants. Infection and mortality occurred rapidly (within 48 h after treatment), and re-growth of treated plants did not occur. In replicated field trials, Br controlled giant salvinia ~95%. Br also infec.ed other plants,

关键词： Biologic.l c.ntrol Botryosphaeria rhodina (Berkeley et c.rtis) Von Arx Fungal Phytopathogen Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitc.ell Aquatic.Weed