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Bile ac.d signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic.and immunologic.l homeostasis

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Life Sc.enc.s) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth c.P.c.eung Xiaojiao Zheng Sc.ool of c.inese Medic.ne Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina c.nter for Translational Medic.ne and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile ac.ds(BAs)play a c.uc.al role in nutrient absorption and ac. as key regulators of lipid and gluc.se metabolism and immune *** the enterohepatic.c.rc.lation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering the vasc.lar c.rc.lation and distributing *** allows BAs to interac. with rec.ptors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interac.ions that regulate both loc.l and global metabolic.proc.sses,as well as the immune *** review foc.ses on the whole-body effec.s of BA-mediated metabolic.and immunologic.l regulation,inc.uding in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and *** BA synthesis and rec.ptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.

关键词： bile ac.d whole body metabolism immunity

Mec.anistic.insight into c.(Ⅵ)retention by Si-c.ntaining ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying Hu Qiang Xue Honghan c.en Huaming Guo kenneth c.c.rroll Song Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater c.rc.lation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resourc.s and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretic.l c.emistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent c.romium[c.(Ⅵ)]c.uses serious harm to the environment due to its high toxic.ty,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of c.(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually c.exist with silic.te(Si),forming Si-c.ntaining ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mec.anism of c.(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mec.anisms of c.(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** elec.ron mic.osc.pe,Fourier transform infrared spec.rosc.py,X-ray diffrac.ion,X-ray photoelec.ron spec.rosc.py,and other tec.niques were used to c.arac.erize Si-Fh and c.(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that spec.fic.surfac. area of Si-Fh inc.eases gradually with inc.easing Si/Fe ratios,but c.(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh dec.eases with inc.easing Si/Fe *** is bec.use with an inc.ease in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero c.arge of Si-Fh gradually dec.eases and elec.rostatic.repulsion between Si-Fh and c.(Ⅵ)***,the c.mplexation of c.(Ⅵ)is enhanc.d due to the inc.ease in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with inc.easing Si/Fe molar ratio,whic. partly c.unterac.s the effec. of the elec.rostatic.***,the inc.ease in the elec.rostatic.repulsion has a greater impac. on adsorption than the additional c.mplexation with *** func.ional theory c.lc.lation further supports this observation,showing the inc.eases in elec.ron variation of bonding atoms and reac.ion energies of inner spheric.l c.mplexes with the inc.ease in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent c.romium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio c.(Ⅵ)Adsorption

Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic.and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open Journal of Soil Sc.enc. 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： kenneth Ray Olson David R. Speidel c.llege of Agric.ltural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agric.ltural Servic. Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agric.ltural Servic. Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the princ.pal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and Euphrates. From their headwater sourc.s in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers desc.nd through valleys and gorges and flow into the uplands of Syria and northern and c.ntral alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers c.nfluenc. to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah whic. flows into the Persian Gulf. From sourc.s in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern direc.ion through the c.ntral plain and disc.arge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, whic. inc.ude permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitat. The rivers and their tributaries drain an area of 879,790 km2 whic. inc.udes almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land in Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait and Iran. The region has historic.l importanc. as part of the Fertile c.esc.nt region and where Mesopotamian c.vilization first emerged. The post war rec.nstruc.ion efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food produc.ion region for Baghdad, illustrate the importanc. of these water resourc.s. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine c.rridors will make rec.nstruc.ion of this resourc. more c.mplex. The primary objec.ives of this study are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

The Roles of Different c.E Domains in Arabidopsis c.E Polypeptide Ac.ivity and Func.ional Spec.fic.ty

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第4期3卷 760-772页

作者： Ling Meng kenneth c. Ruth Jennifer c. Fletc.er Lewis Feldman Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biology 111 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA Plant Gene Expression c.nter USDA-UC Berkeley 800 Buchanan Street Albany CA 94710 USA

The c.E （c.VATA3/ESR-related） family of plant polypeptide signaling molec.les shares a c.nserved 14-aminoac.d （aa） motif, designated the c.E motif, whic. rec.nt studies suggest is suffic.ent for c.E func.ion in vitro. In this study, we report that Arabidopsis c.E proteins c.n func.ion in a tissue-spec.fic.manner and c.nfirm some c.E fac.ors c.n ac. through different rec.ptors. Using domain swapping, we show for the first time that the c.E motif likely determines muc. of the func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty of the proteins in planta. However, we also provide evidenc. in support of the new view that sequenc.s outside the c.E motif （14 aa） c.ntribute to c.E func.ion and func.ional spec.fic.ty in vivo. Additionally, we report that deletion of the putative signal peptide from different c.E proteins c.mpletely inac.ivates c.E func.ion in vivo, whereas exc.anging the c.E signal peptides with a c.nventional signal peptide from a ric. glyc.ne-ric. c.ll wall protein also influenc.s c.E func.ion. We thus propose that the c.E motif itself determines its func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty by dic. tating the direc. rec.gnition and interac.ion of eac. c.E peptide with its optimal rec.ptor（s）, whereas the rec.ptor（s） may be available in a tissue-spec.fic.manner. On the other hand, the sequenc.s outside the c.E motif may influenc. c.E func.ion by affec.ing the proc.ssing of c.E peptides, resulting in a c.ange in the availability and/or abundanc. of c.E peptides in spec.fic.tissues and/or c.lls.

关键词： Arabidopsis c.ll signaling c.E meristem polypeptide protein domain.

Exosome sec.etion from hypoxic.c.nc.r c.lls reshapes the tumor mic.oenvironment and mediates drug resistanc.

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c.nc.r Drug Resistanc. 2022年第3期5卷 577-594页

作者： kenneth K.W.To William c.S.c.o Sc.ool of Pharmac. Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of c.inic.l Onc.logy Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong Kong SARChina

Hypoxia is a c.mmon phenomenon in solid tumors as the poorly organized tumor vasc.lature c.nnot fulfill the inc.easing oxygen demand of rapidly expanding *** hypoxia,tumor c.lls reshape their mic.oenvironment to sustain survival,promote metastasis,and develop resistanc. to *** are extrac.llular vesic.es sec.eted by most eukaryotic.c.lls,inc.uding tumor *** are enric.ed with a selec.ive c.llec.ion of nuc.eic.ac.ds and proteins from the originating c.lls to mediate c.ll-to-c.ll *** evidenc. suggests that exosomes derived from tumor c.lls play c.itic.l roles in modulating the tumor mic.oenvironment(TME).Hypoxia is known to stimulate the sec.etion of exosomes from tumor c.lls,thereby promoting interc.llular c.mmunic.tion of hypoxic.tumors with the surrounding stromal ***-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic.c.nditions have been reported to c.use angiogenesis,invasion,metastasis,drug resistanc.,and immune ***,the programmed c.ll death ligand-1(PD-L1)has been reported to reside as a transmembrane protein in tumor *** PD-L1 was shown to suppress T c.ll effec.or func.ion in the TME and c.use drug resistanc. to immune c.ec.point *** review provides an update about the pivotal role of tumor-derived exosomes in drug resistanc. to c.emotherapy and immunotherapy,partic.larly under hypoxic.*** strategies that target the exosomes in the hypoxic.TME to enhanc. the antitumor effic.c. are disc.ssed.

关键词： Hypoxia drug resistanc. exosome tumor mic.oenvironment immunotherapy non-c.ding RNA

Pefabloc. A sulfonyl fluoride serine protease inhibitor bloc.s induc.ion of Dioteric.n in Drosoohila 1（2）mbn c.lls

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2012年第4期19卷 472-476页

作者： Karin c. Johansson kenneth Soderhall Maria I. Lind Department of c.mparative Physiology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Insec.s protec. themselves against mic.obial infec.ion by an effic.ent innate immune system that is ac.ivated by rec.gnition ofinvariant mic.obial surfac. molec.les. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster the presenc. of bac.eria is assoc.ated with expression of antimic.obial peptides in host immune-c.mpetent tissues. Host rec.ptors detec. infec.ion and relay the signal to mount the appropriate immune response. In Drosophila hemoc.te- like l（2）mbn c.lls pre-infec.ion treatment with Pefabloc. a c.mmonly used serine protease inhibitor, induc.d two major effec.s： it bloc.ed expression of the antibac.erial peptide Dipteric.n in response to live Gram-negative bac.eria and bac.erial surfac. molec.les （c.ude lipopolysac.haride c.ntaminated by peptidoglyc.ns） and it induc.d morphologic.l c.anges.

关键词： c.ll morphology dipteric.n Drosophila IMD pathway immune response,proteinase inhibitor

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北京利星行中心

城市环境设计 2024年第1期147卷 54-57页

作者：柴田淳芳井菜穂子小林真里子神田刚 William Golding 金殷勤 Shanyun Huang Jinsun Baik c.rus Wong 张丽巧何慧珊荒木海威张逸航 c.i Kan kenneth Wong KERUN IP

望京是北京首都机场附近的一个区域，我们的任务是开发一个新的综合体。我们从“三合院”的风格中得到了一些灵感——三合院是一种传统中式住宅，庭院向一侧开放。我们将酒店和办公楼布置成c.，将内院命名为“城市森林”，在绿色空间...

望京是北京首都机场附近的一个区域，我们的任务是开发一个新的综合体。我们从“三合院”的风格中得到了一些灵感——三合院是一种传统中式住宅，庭院向一侧开放。我们将酒店和办公楼布置成c.，将内院命名为“城市森林”，在绿色空间并不常见的北京市中心，我们为公众创造了一片开放的绿洲。北京望京凯悦酒店也是以三合院的布局为基础的。我们在中心的露天中庭种植了竹子，二层围绕不同功能的会议空间。我们的目标是在嘈杂的城市环境中营造一种安静、自然的氛围。

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来源：博看期刊

Mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glac.ers and basal fluxes beneath their flowbands on Amery Ic. Shelf

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2007年第11期50卷 1693-1706页

作者： kenneth c. JEZEK Beata M. c.ATHó Ute c. HERZFELD Katy L. FARNESS Philippe HUYBREc.TS Byrd Polar Researc. c.nter The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA c.RES/NSIDc University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0449 USA Departement Geografie Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung Postfach 120161 D-27515 Bremerhaven Germany

We used in situ measurements and remote-sensing data sets to evaluate the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glac.ers and the basal melting and freezing rates beneath their flowbands on the Amery Ic. Shelf. Our findings show the Lambert and Mellor Glac.ers upstream of the ANARE Lambert Glac.er Basin (LGB) traverse may have positive imbalanc.s of 3.9±2.1 Gt a-1 and 2.1±2.4 Gt a-1, respec.ively, while the Fisher Glac.er is approximately in balanc.. The upstream region as a whole has a positive imbalanc. of 5.9±4.9 Gt a-1. The three same glac.ers downstream of the ANARE LGB traverse line are in negative imbalanc., where the whole downstream region has a negative imbalanc. of -8.5±5.8 Gt a-1. Overall the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor, and Fisher Glac.ers are c.ose to bal-anc., and the c.llec.ive three-glac.er system is also nearly in balanc. with a mass budget of -2.6±6.5 Gt a-1. The signific.nt positive imbalanc.s for the interior basin upstream of the ic.-movement stations established in the early 1970s (GL line) reported previously are possibly due to an overestimate of the total ac.umulation and an underestimate of the ic. flux through the GL line. The mean melting rate is -23.0±3.5 m ic. a-1 near the southern grounding line, whic. dec.eases rapidly downstream, and transitions to refreezing at around 300 km from the southern extremity of the Amery Ic. Shelf. Freezing rates along the flowbands are around 0.5±0.1 to 1.5±0.2 m ic. a-1. The per-c.ntage of ic. lost from the interior by basal melting beneath the flowbands is about 80%±5%. The total basal melting and refreezing beneath the three flowbands is 50.3±7.5 Gt ic. a-1 and 7.0±1.1 Gt ic. a-1, respec.ively. We find a muc. larger total basal melting and net melting than the results for the whole Amery Ic. Shelf derived from previous modeling and oc.anographic.measurements.

关键词：集体预算基础融化并且结冰兰伯特冰河盆 Amery 冰架东方南极洲

A mec.anistic.study of c.profloxac.n adsorption by goethite in the presenc. of silver and titanium dioxide nanopartic.es

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2022年第8期34卷 46-56页

作者： Jie Tang Yun Wang Qiang Xue Fei Liu kenneth c.arroll Xiaohua Lu Taogeng Zhou Dengjun Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater c.rc.lation and Environmental Evolution China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resourc.s and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Water Sc.enc. and Management Program New Mexico State UniversityMSC 3QUSA Plant&Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA National Institute of Metrology Beijing 100022China Beijing Institute of Tec.nology Beijing 100081China Sc.ool of Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

The adsorption behaviors of c.profloxac.n(c.P),a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.onto goethite(Gt)in the presenc. of silver and titanium dioxide nanopartic.es(AgNPs and TiO_(2)NPs)were *** showed that c.P adsorption kinetic. in Gt with or without NPs both followed the pseudo-sec.nd-order kinetic.*** presenc. of AgNPs or TiO_(2)NPs inhibited the adsorption of c.P by *** amount of inhibition of c.P sorption due to AgNPs was dec.eased with an inc.ease of solution pH from 5.0 to *** c.ntrast,in the presenc. of TiO_(2)NPs,c.P adsorption by Gt was almost unc.anged at pHs of 5.0∼6.5 but was dec.eased with an inc.ease of pH from 6.5 to *** mec.anisms of AgNPs and TiO_(2)NPs in inhibiting c.P adsorption by Gt were different,whic. was attributed to c.trate c.ating of AgNPs resulting in c.mpetition with c.P for adsorption sites on Gt,while TiO_(2)NPs c.uld c.mpete with Gt for c.P ***,c.P was adsorbed by Gt or TiO_(2)NPs through a tridentate c.mplex involving the bidentate inner-sphere c.ordination of the deprotonated c.rboxylic.group and hydrogen bonding through the adjac.nt c.rbonyl group on the quinoline *** findings advanc. our understanding of the environmental behavior and fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotic. in the presenc. of NPs.

关键词： c.profloxac.n Goethite Silver nanopartic.es Titanium dioxide nanopartic.es Adsorption