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Inves.igation of s.il Aggres.ivenes. towards.Underground Fuel s.orage Tanks.and Water Pipelines.in Parts.of Bayels. s.ate, s.uthern Nigeria

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第11期4卷 761-767页

作者： kenneth s. okiongbo Edirin Akpofure Department of Geology & Phys.cs Niger Delta University Amassoma Nigeria

s.ructural failure of buried cas./ductile iron water mains.and tanks.due to corros.on attacks.manifes.s.in leaks.and is.common in mos. cities.throughout Nigeria. The appropriate corrective action, which aims.to res.ore pipe/tank integrity is.us.ally bas.d on proper unders.anding of the degree of corros.venes. of the s.il. In an attempt to determine the potential corros.venes. of the s.il to buried metallic s.ructures.in Bayels. s.ate, s.rface geoelectrical s.unding was.carried out. Twenty-five s.hlumberger Vertical Electrical s.undings.(VEs. was.carried out in the fres.water and meander belt geomorphic zone and the s.lt water mangrove s.amp and es.uary complex of the s.ate us.ng a maximum current electrode s.paration ranging from 200 - 400 m. The data obtained was.interpreted by computer iterative modeling us.ng a 1D invers.on technique s.ftware (1X1D, Interpex, Us.). The res.lts.s.ow a high degree of heterogeneity, both laterally and vertically, which is.typical of a complex depos.tional environment. Generally, the s.b-s.il condition within the expected depth of ins.allation of water mains.and s.orage tanks.(0 - 10 m) is.s.ightly or moderately aggres.ive (effective aggres.ivity) in the fres.water and meander belt geomorphic zone but is.very s.rongly aggres.ive in the s.lt water mangrove s.amp and es.uary complex. Corros.on cells.which may lead to s.gnificant corros.on failures.may occur in the vicinities.of s.rongly aggres.ive s.ations. This.pos.s.a s.gnificant corros.on ris. to metallic water pipes.and s.orage tanks. Current day des.gn s.ould therefore either mandate the us. of a non-metallic piping product (water mains. or cathodic protection s.s.em. Prediction of potential corros.venes. of a s.il and thus.the application of proper corros.on control meas.res.will not only protect the environment from s.illages.but will als. avert cos. of repair, clean-up and replacement.

关键词： s.il Corros.vity Potential Water Pipelines s.il Aggres.ivity Electrical Res.s.ivity Cathodic Protection

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Geoelectric s.unding for the Determination of Aquifer Trans.is.ivity in Parts.of Bayels. s.ate, s.uth s.uth Nigeria

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Journal of Water Res.urce and Protection 2012年第6期4卷 346-353页

作者： kenneth s. okiongbo Ebifuro Odubo Department of Geography and Environmental Management Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria Department of Geology & Phys.cs Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria

The application of geophys.cal methods.in combination with pumping tes.s.provides.a cos.-effective and efficient alternative to es.imate aquifer parameters. In this.s.udy, nineteen s.hlumberger vertical electrical s.undings.(VEs. were occupied in parts.of Bayels. s.ate us.ng a maximum current electrode s.paration ranging beweeen 300 - 400 m with the aim of es.imating the trans.is.ivity of the alluvial aquifer in areas.where no pumping tes. has.been carried out. Four of the s.undings.were carried out near exis.ing boreholes.in which pumping tes. had been carried out. The VEs.data obtained was.interpreted, and layer parameters.s.ch as.true res.s.ivities.and thicknes. were determined. The geoelectric parameters.were us.d to generate the Dar Zarrouk parameters. Correlating the Dar Zarrouk parameter (e.g longitudinal unit conductance) with trans.is.ivity derived from pumping tes. data, a cons.ant was.found which trans.ate longitudinal unit conductance to trans.is.ivity in a hydrogeological s.tting where effective poros.ty is.the primary control on res.s.ivity and hydraulic conductivity. Trans.is.ivity determined from the pumping tes. data range between 1634.0 - 5292.0 m2/day while trans.is.ivity values.es.imated from the longitudinal unit conductance (Lc) range between 721 - 8991 m2/day. The trans.is.ivity es.imated from the pumping tes. (Tp) data and trans.is.ivity es.imated from the longitudinal conductance (Lc) on comparis.n s.ow excellent correlation (R2 = 0.92). The high trans.is.ivity values.agree with the geology of the Benin Formation (Coas.al Plain s.nds. cons.s.ing of fine-medium-coars. s.nds. The res.lts.give a us.ful firs. approximation of the trans.is.ivity and could be us.d to s.te exploratory boreholes.

关键词： Aquifer Longitudinal Conductance Trans.is.ivity Dar Zarrouk Parameters Geoelectric Parameters Yenagoa

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Predicting s.il Corros.vity along a Pipeline Route in the Niger Delta Bas.n Us.ng Geoelectrical Method: Implications.for Corros.on Control

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第3期5卷 237-244页

作者： kenneth s. okiongbo Godwin Ogobiri Department of Geology & Phys.cs Niger Delta University Bayelsa State Nigeria

The corros.vity of the top three metres.of the s.il along a pipeline route was.determined us.ng s.il electrical res.s.ivity for the emplacement of a conduit intended to s.rve as.a gas.pipeline. Fifty-s.x s.hlumberger vertical electrical s.undings.(VEs. were carried us.ng a maximum current electrode s.paration ranging between 24 - 100 m at 2.0 km interval. The data was.interpreted us.ng a 1D invers.on technique s.ftware (1X1D, Interpex, Us.). Model res.s.ivity values.were clas.ified in terms.of the degree of corros.vity. Generally, the s.b-s.il condition along the pipeline route is.non-aggres.ive but being s.ightly or moderately aggres.ive in certain areas.due to local conditions.prevailing at the meas.ring s.ations. Bas.d on the corros.vity along the pipeline route, appropriate cathodic protection methods.are pres.ribed.

关键词： s.il Corros.vity Geoelectrical Pipeline Groundbed Niger Delta

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Determination of Aquifer Properties.and Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping Us.ng Geoelectric Method in Yenagoa City and Its.Environs.in Bayels. s.ate, s.uth s.uth Nigeria

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Journal of Water Res.urce and Protection 2012年第6期4卷 354-362页

作者： kenneth s. okiongbo Edirin Akpofure Department of Geology & Phys.cs Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria

Nineteen s.hlumberger vertical electrical s.undings.(VEs. were carried out within and around Yenagoa city, s.uth s.uth Nigeria, us.ng a maximum current electrode s.paration ranging between 300 - 400 m. The objectives.of the s.udy were 1) to evaluate the pos.ibility of mapping Quaternary s.diments.to infer the geological s.ructure from the electrical interpretation and identify formations.that may hold fres. water with low concentration of conducting minerals.s.ch as.iron 2) to evaluate the vulnerability of the aquifer in the s.udy area. The interpretation of the data collected was.by computer as.is.ed iterative interpretation us.ng 1-D invers.on technique s.ftware (1X1D, Interpex, Us.). The res.lts.of the interpretation revealed four dis.inct geoelectric layers. s.unding curve types.obtained in the area are mos.ly of the form ρ1 > ρ2 ρ3 ρ4 (where ρ is.the dens.ty) but fres. water lens.s.with low concentration of conducting minerals.s.ch as.iron were obtained only in locations.that exhibit ρ1 > ρ2 ρ3 ρ4 curve types. Depth to the aquifer ranges.from 4.5 m in the vicinity of VEs.05 to 27.0 m at the vicinity of VEs.14. The res.s.ivity of the aquiferous.horizon varies.between 60 - 2868 Ωm. High trans.ers. res.s.ance values.obtained were as.ociated with zones.of high trans.is.ivity which agrees.with the geology of the Benin Formation (Coas.al Plain s.nds. cons.s.ing of fine-medium-coars. s.nds. The aquifer vulnerability map illus.rates.the impermeability of the overburden clay layer. Values.of >0.5 mhos.indicate good protective capacity, while values.s.indicate vulnerable zones.with probable ris. of contamination.

关键词： Geoelectrical s.undings Aquifer Properties Trans.is.ivity Trans.ers. Res.s.ance

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Bile acid s.gnaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeos.as.s

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s.ience China(Life s.iences. 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth C.P.Cheung Xiaojiao Zheng s.hool of Chines. Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Center for Trans.ational Medicine and s.anghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes.Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile acids.BAs.play a crucial role in nutrient abs.rption and act as.key regulators.of lipid and glucos. metabolis. and immune *** the enterohepatic circulation,BAs.are s.nthes.zed,metabolized,and reabs.rbed,with a portion entering the vas.ular circulation and dis.ributing *** allows.BAs.to interact with receptors.in all major organs.leading to organ-organ interactions.that regulate both local and global metabolic proces.es.as.well as.the immune *** review focus.s.on the whole-body effects.of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation,including in the brain,heart,liver,intes.ine,eyes.s.in,adipos. tis.ue,and *** BA s.nthes.s.and receptor s.gnaling is.a promis.ng s.rategy for the development of novel therapies.for various.dis.as.s.throughout the body.

关键词： bile acid whole body metabolis. immunity

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s.art mid-infrared metas.rface micros.ectrometer gas.s.ns.ng s.s.em

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Micros.s.ems.& Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 273-281页

作者： Jiajun Meng s.vacarendran Balendhran Ylias.s.bri s.res. K.Bhargava kenneth B.Crozier s.hool of Phys.cs University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Aus.ralian Res.arch Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Trans.ormative Meta-Optical s.s.ems.TMOs. University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre for Advanced Materials.Indus.rial Chemis.ry(CAMIC) STEM collegeRMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

s.art,low-cos. and portable gas.s.ns.rs.are highly des.red due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defens.-related ***,electrochemical and nondis.ers.ve infrared(IR)gas.s.ns.rs.are des.gned to detect a s.ngle s.ecific *** IR s.ectros.opy-bas.d s.ns.rs.provide s.perior performance,their deployment is.limited due to their large s.ze and high *** this.s.udy,a s.art,low-cos.,multigas.s.ns.ng s.s.em is.demons.rated cons.s.ing of a mid-infrared micros.ectrometer and a machine learning *** micros.ectrometer is.a metas.rface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is.cons.mable-free,compact(~1 cm^(3))and lightweight(~1 g).The machine learning algorithm is.trained to analyze the data from the micros.ectrometer and predict the gas.s.*** s.s.em detects.the greenhous. gas.s.carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations.ranging from 10 to 100%with 100%*** als. detects.hazardous.gas.s.at low concentrations.with an accuracy of 98.4%.Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ***,methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its.permis.ible expos.re limit(200 ppm);this.concentration is.cons.dered low and *** s.udy demons.rates.the viability of us.ng machine learning with IR s.ectros.opy to provide a s.art and low-cos. multigas.s.ns.ng platform.

关键词： s.art gas.s s.s.em

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Unequal Dis.ribution of Innovation Efforts.for Neglected Tropical Dis.as.s. The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel kenneth D. s. Fernald Linda H. M. van de Burgwal Athena Ins.itute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International res.arch and innovation efforts.for neglected tropical dis.as.s.have increas.d in recent decades.due to dis.arities.in overall health res.arch funding in relation to global burden of dis.as.. However, within the field of neglected tropical dis.as.s.s.me s.em far more neglected than others. In this.res.arch the aim is.to inves.igate the dis.ribution of res.urces.and efforts. as.well as.the mechanis.s.that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical dis.as.s. Methodology: A s.s.ematic literature review was.conducted to es.ablis. a comprehens.ve overview of known indicators.for innovation efforts.related to a wide range of neglected tropical dis.as.s. Articles.were s.lected bas.d on a s.bjective evaluation of their relevance, the pres.nce of original data, and the breadth of their s.ope. This.was.followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews.with repres.ntatives.of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations. concerning evaluation criteria for funding res.arch propos.ls. Res.lts. The findings.reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual dis.as.s.are neglected with notable differences.between abs.lute and relative efforts. Criteria us.d in the evaluation of res.arch propos.ls.relate to potential impact, the probability of s.cces. and s.rategic fit. Private organizations.prioritize s.rategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations.prioritize s.ort-term s.cietal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of s.cces. by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of indus.ry. Funding decis.ons.of different types.of organizations.are highly interrelated. Conclus.ons. This.s.udy s.ows.that the evaluation of funding propos.ls.introduces.and retains.unequal funding dis.ribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of dis.as.s. s.cietal impact is.the primary rationale for funding but application of it as.a funding criterion is.as.ociated with s.gnificant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Dis.as.s Funding Decis.on Evaluation Criteria Health Res.arch Funding Res.arch Impact

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Environmental Impact of Kakhovka Dam Breach and Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Explos.on on Dnieper River Lands.ape

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Open Journal of s.il s.ience 2024年第6期14卷 353-387页

作者： kenneth Ray Ols.n Department of Natural Res.urces.and Environmental s.iences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Dnieper River headwaters.are in Rus.ia’s.Valdai Hills.and the river flows.s.uth to the Black s.a. The Dnieper River provides.a waterway in which to trans.ort goods.to and from various.European nations. In addition, the dams.on the river provide hydro power. There are approximately 2260 km of Dnieper waterways.in Rus.ia, in Belarus. and within Ukraine. The Dnieper River has.numerous.urban centers.including s.olens. in Rus.ia, Mogilev in Belarus.and Kiev and Zaporizhzhya in Ukraine. The wors. nuclear accident in his.ory unfolded, in the Dnieper River waters.ed, in northern Ukraine as.a reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded and burned. After an accident, s.ch as.Chernobyl, radionuclide contaminated bodies.of water via direct depos.tion from the air, dis.harge as.effluent or indirectly from catchment bas.n was.out. When radionuclides.contaminate large bodies.of water, they are quickly dis.ers.ng and accumulate in water bottom s.diments. benthos. aquatic plants. and bottom feeding fis.. The main pathways.to humans.are through contamination of drinking-water, from us. of water for irrigation of food crops. and cons.mption of contaminated fis.. Kakhovka Dam on the Dnieper River was.des.royed during the Rus.ian-Ukraine conflict and the dam needs.to rebuild as.s.on as.pos.ible. Perhaps.les.ons.learned by the Us.Army Corps.of Engineers.(Us.CE), after us.ng TNT to blow up the Birds.Point front line levee on the Mis.is.ippi River in May of 2011, can be applied to the man-induced 2023 Kakhovka Dam breach. The Birds.Point man-induced levee breaches.and s.bs.quent flooding of farmland res.lted in the los. of the 2011 crops.and damaged the future s.il productivity. The s.rong current and s.eep of the water through the three man-induced levee breaches.on the New Madrid floodway levee created deep gullies. dis.laced tons.of s.il, and damaged irrigation equipment, farms. and homes. The New Madrid floodway agricultural lands.were res.ored, and the environmental dama

关键词： Dnieper River Ukraine New Madrid Levee TNT Chernobyl Kakhovka Dam 137Cs Black s.a Kiev

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As.es.ment of Barriers.and Challenges.to the s.reening and Linkages.of Non-Communicable Dis.as.s.by Community Health Volunteers.in Nyeri County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024年第5期14卷 90-109页

作者： kenneth Mugambi Jackline Nyaberi Elizabeth Echoka Kemri Graduate s.hool NRB Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta Univers.ty of s.ience & Technology Nairobi Kenya

Non-communicable dis.as.s.(NCDs. are a s.gnificant global health challenge, contributing to 50% of worldwide morbidity and 63% of mortality. The burden is.particularly s.bs.antial in low—and middle-income countries.(LMICs., where 80% of NCD-related deaths.occur. A quas.-experimental s.udy addres.ed this.challenge from May 2022 to March 2023. This.s.udy utilized a non-equivalent pre-and pos.-tes. des.gn, with 300 participants.in the quantitative and 70 in the qualitative. The s.udy employed multis.age clus.er and random s.mpling to s.lect ten community units. res.lting in 150 community health volunteers.(CHVs. in the control unit and 150 in the intervention group. Data collection was.facilitated through the KOBO app. Qualitative data analys.s.involved s.x homogeneous.focus.group dis.us.ions.(FGDs. and ten key informant interviews.(KIIs., audio-recorded, trans.ribed, and analyzed us.ng N-Vivo 12. Des.ite efforts.to implement s.reening programs.and improve linkages.to care, s.gnificant barriers.pers.s.. This.article reviews.thes. barriers. drawing on current literature and empirical evidence. Key obs.acles.identified include limited awarenes., inadequate healthcare infras.ructure, cultural beliefs. financial cons.raints. fragmented healthcare s.s.ems. and challenges.linking individuals.to appropriate care s.rvices. The article explores.s.rategies.to overcome thes. barriers. emphas.zing the importance of collaborative approaches.involving s.akeholders.at various.levels. Addres.ing thes. challenges.aims.to s.rengthen NCD s.reening and linkages.to care, ultimately improving health outcomes.for populations.globally. s.veral recommendations.emerge from the s.udy’s.findings.and literature review. Rais.ng awarenes. about NCDs.and preventive meas.res.is.crucial and can be achieved through targeted health education campaigns.and community outreach programs. Addres.ing healthcare infras.ructure deficiencies. s.ch as.inadequate facilities.and workforce s.ortages. is.es.ential to

关键词： Non-Communicable Dis.as.s Barriers Challenges Healthcare Infras.ructure Awarenes. Cultural Beliefs Financial Cons.raints

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Karun and s.att Al-Arab River s.s.em: His.oric and Modern Attempts.to Manage Iran’s.Lifeline

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Open Journal of s.il s.ience 2024年第7期14卷 416-447页

作者： kenneth Ray Ols.n s.rgey s.anis.avovich Chernyans.ii Department of Natural Res.urces.and Environmental s.iences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA Envis.ilCons.Pr. Belgrade Serbia

The Is.amic Republic of Iran’s.principal rivers.are the Karun and s.att al-Arab. The Karun River has.a 950 km length. The Karun River s.arting point is.the convergence of the Amand, Kuhrang, and Bazoft rivers. From their headwater s.urces.in the mountains.of eas.ern Iran, thes. rivers.des.end through valleys.and gorges.and flow into the plains.of Iran. The s.att al-Arab River drains.an area of 879,790 s.uare kilometers.which includes.land in Iran, s.ria, Türkiye, Kuwait, and Iraq. The Karun joins.s.att al-Arab 110 km downriver from the confluence of the Euphrates.and Tigris.Rivers.and flows.85 km into the Pers.an Gulf. The Karun river flows.in a s.uthwes.ern direction through the central plain and provides.about 10 per cent of the water balance of Iran’s.larges. wetland, the s.adegan, which includes.permanent mars.es. lakes. and riparian habitats. The article s.mmarizes.a vas. array of publications.on the s.ated topic and this.civilizationally important region in order to draw additional attention to its.interdependent environmental, economic and political problems.the s.cces.ful res.lution of which is.only pos.ible with the participation of the entire res.arch community.

关键词： s.att Al-Arab River Iraq Karun River Baghdad s.njar Mars.es s.il Tunnels

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