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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel kenneth D. S. Fernald Linda H. M. van de Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Impact

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Long-term impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal adenoma detection in high-risk colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 335-342页

作者： kenneth W Chow Matthew T Bell Nicholas Cumpian Maryanne Amour Ryan H Hsu Viktor E Eysselein Neetika Srivastava Michael W Fleischman Sofiya Reicher Department of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Bioengineering Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of Gastroenterology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States

BACKGROUND Improved adenoma detection rate(ADR)has been demonstrated with artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted ***,data on the real-world appli-cation of AI and its effect on colorectal cancer(CRC)screening outcomes is *** To analyze the long-term impact of AI on a diverse at-risk patient population undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy for positive CRC screening tests or *** AI software(GI Genius,Medtronic)was implemented into the standard proced-ure protocol in November *** was collected on patient demographics,procedure indication,polyp size,location,and *** screening outcomes were evaluated before and at different intervals after AI introduction with one year of *** We evaluated 1008 colonoscopies(278 pre-AI,255 early post-AI,285 established post-AI,and 190 late post-AI).The ADR was 38.1%pre-AI,42.0%early post-AI(P=0.77),40.0%established post-AI(P=0.44),and 39.5%late post-AI(P=0.77).There were no significant differences in polyp detection rate(PDR,baseline 59.7%),advanced ADR(baseline 16.2%),and non-neoplastic PDR(baseline 30.0%)before and after AI *** In patients with an increased pre-test probability of having an abnormal colonoscopy,the current generation of AI did not yield enhanced CRC screening metrics over high-quality *** the potential of AI in colonoscopy is undisputed,current AI technology may not universally elevate screening metrics across all situations and patient *** studies that analyze different AI systems across various patient populations are needed to determine the most effective role of AI in optimizing CRC screening in clinical practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate Screening Colorectal adenoma

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POTENTIAL PITFALLS IN USING DNA PROBES TO COUNSEL DUCHENNE AND BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY FAMILIES

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1992年第6期105卷 469-475页

作者：史怡君 kenneth H. Fischbeck Albert ritter Neurology Department Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104 U.S.A.

Although the accuracy in prenatal diagnosis andcarrier detection with DNA probes in families withDuchenne and Becker's muscular dystrophies is veryhigh,various factors limit the accuracy of these probesin many *** report four potential pitfalls,ie,intragenic recombination,genetic heterogeneity,germline mosaicism,and an evolving genetic defect en-countered in a population of Duchenne and Beckerfamilies,and describe a strategy to incorporate thesefactors into genetic counseling.

关键词： GENE DIAGNOSIS INHERITANCE MUTATIONS LOCUS

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Global wild rice germplasm resources conservation alliance:World Wild-Rice Wiring

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 516-518页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Disna Ratnasekera Jiayu Fan Robert J.Henry Beng-Kah Song kenneth M.Olsen Bal Krishna Joshi Maria Celeste N.Banaticla-Hilario Tonapha Pusadee Adane Getachew Melaku Yeyinou Laura Estelle Loko Koukham Vilayheuang Gavers K.Oppong Samuel Aduse Poku Peterson W.Wambugu Song Ge Aldo Merotto Junior Ohn Mar Aung Ramaiah Venuprasad Ajay Kohli Wenbin Zhou Qian Qian National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya National Research Institute of Breeding in Hainan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777Metro Manila 4031Philippines Department of Agricultural Biology Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka Yazhouwan National Laboratory No.8 Huanjin RoadYazhou DistrictSanya CityHainan Province 572024China Hainan University Haikou 570228China ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia School of Science Monash University Malaysia47500 Bandar SunwaySelangor 47500Malaysia Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center(Genebank) KhumaltarPO Box 3055KathmanduNepal Plant Biology Division Insttute of Biological SciencesUniversity of the Pilippines Los BanosLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Bio and Emerging Technology Institute Addis Ababa 1165Ethiopia National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)Dassa-ZouméBP 14Benin National Genebank Rice and Cash Crops Research CenterNAFRIVientiane 0605Lao PDR Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK UK Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences and University of Nottingham Nottingham LE125RDUK Department of Plant and Environmental Biology University of GhanaAccraGhana Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Genetic Resources Research InstituteNairobi 00200Kenya Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGSPorto Alegre 91501-970RSBrazil Department of Agricultur

Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing ***(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's *** rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate *** rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme *** has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding *** identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice *** addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental ***,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic *** the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.

关键词： germplasm breeding crops

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北京利星行中心

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城市环境设计 2024年第1期147卷 54-57页

作者：柴田淳芳井菜穂子小林真里子神田刚 William Golding 金殷勤 Shanyun Huang Jinsun Baik Cyrus Wong 张丽巧何慧珊荒木海威张逸航 Chi Kan kenneth Wong KERUN IP

望京是北京首都机场附近的一个区域，我们的任务是开发一个新的综合体。我们从“三合院”的风格中得到了一些灵感——三合院是一种传统中式住宅，庭院向一侧开放。我们将酒店和办公楼布置成C形，将内院命名为“城市森林”，在绿色空间...

望京是北京首都机场附近的一个区域，我们的任务是开发一个新的综合体。我们从“三合院”的风格中得到了一些灵感——三合院是一种传统中式住宅，庭院向一侧开放。我们将酒店和办公楼布置成C形，将内院命名为“城市森林”，在绿色空间并不常见的北京市中心，我们为公众创造了一片开放的绿洲。北京望京凯悦酒店也是以三合院的布局为基础的。我们在中心的露天中庭种植了竹子，二层围绕不同功能的会议空间。我们的目标是在嘈杂的城市环境中营造一种安静、自然的氛围。

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Dendritic cells in cancer immunology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 3-13页

作者： Theresa L.Murphy kenneth M.Murphy Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in St.LouisSchool of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA

The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy(ICT)has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune *** of the current translational efforts are aimed at enhancing ICT by identifying therapeutic targets that synergize with CTLA4 or PD1/PD-L1 blockade and are solidly developed on the basis of currently accepted *** these principles through continuous basic research may help broaden translational *** this mindset,we focused this review on three threads of basic research directly relating to mechanisms underlying ***,this review covers three aspects of dendritic cell(DC)biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic ***,we review recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs,identifying important features distinguishing these cells from other types of ***,we review the antigen-processing pathway called cross-presentation,which was discovered in the mid-1970s and remains an *** pathway serves an essential in vivo function unique to cDC1s and may be both a physiologic bottleneck and therapeutic ***,we review the longstanding field of helper cells and the related area of DC licensing,in which CD4 T cells influence the strength or quality of CD8 T cell *** topic is connected with ICT in some manner but is also a fundamental aspect of cell-mediated immunity directed toward intracellular pathogens.

关键词： Dendritic cells transcription factors cross-presentation tumor rejection CD4 help

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Understanding voltage hysteresis and decay during anionic redox reaction in layered transition metal oxide cathodes:A critical review

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Nano Research 2023年第3期16卷 3766-3780页

作者： Wei Zheng Gemeng Liang Shilin Zhang kenneth Davey Zaiping Guo School of Chemical Engineering&Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

The emergence of anionic redox reactions in layered transition metal oxide cathodes provides practical opportunity to boost the energy density of rechargeable ***,the activation of anionic redox reaction in layered oxides has significant voltage hysteresis and decay that reduce battery performance and limit ***,we critically review the up-todate development of anionic redox reaction in layered oxide cathodes,summarize the proposed reaction mechanism,and unveil their connection to voltage hysteresis and decay based on the state-of-the-art *** addition,advances associated with various modification approaches to mitigate the voltage hysteresis/decay in layered transition metal oxide cathodes are also ***,we conclude with an appraisal of further research directions including rational design of high-performance layered oxide cathodes with reversible anionic redox reactions and suppressed voltage hysteresis/*** will be of immediate benefit to the development of layered oxide cathodes for high performance rechargeable batteries.

关键词： anionic redox reaction voltage hysteresis voltage decay layered transition metal oxides Li-ion battery Na-ion battery

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Editorial for the Special Issue on High-End Measuring Instruments

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 1-2页

作者： Jiubin Tan kenneth Thomas Victor Grattan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Intelligent Instrumentation Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China School of Science&Technology City University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUK

In recent years, two major challenges have arisen in the field of measurement and instrument technology. One is the redefinition of the seven basic units in the international system of units(Système International d’Unités or SI). The SI is now based on fundamental physical constants, with full implementation having occurred in 2019.

关键词： technology. instrument arise

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A critical review of ferritin as a drug nanocarrier:Structure,properties,comparative advantages and challenges

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Particuology 2022年第5期20卷 65-84页

作者： Shuang Yin kenneth Davey Sheng Dai Yongdong Liu Jingxiu Bi School of Chemical Engineering&Advanced Materials Faculty of EngineeringComputer and Mathematical Sciences.University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Chemical Engineering Brunei University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUnited Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Engineering.Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences.BeijingChina

Ferritin stores and releases iron ions in *** is globally important as a drug *** is because of its unique hollow-spherical structure,desirable stability and biological *** drug-loading approaches plus various functionalization approaches have been developed to improve ferritin in response to differing demands in disease ***,we critically review ferritin drug delivery and evaluate its diverse drug-loading and functionalization approaches,we:(1)Introduce basic structural and property information related to ferritin as a drug nanocarrier;(2)Contrast in detail the different means to load drugs and the selection of drug loading means;(3)Discuss multiple ferritin functionalization approaches,together with related advantages and potential risks;and,(4)Compare ferritin with alternative,commonly-used drug *** conclude that despite that no drugs based on ferritin are commercially available,the market potential for it is significant,and evaluate future research *** from this work will be of immediate benefit and interest to a wide range of researchers and manufacturers for drug delivery using ferritin.

关键词： Ferritin Drug delivery Drug nanocarrier Protein functionalization

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Seasonal variation in adult hip disease secondary to osteoarthritis and developmental dysplasia of the hip

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第12期7卷 821-825页

作者： Tatsuya Sueyoshi Merrill A ritter kenneth E Davis Randall T Loder Department of Orthopedic Surgery Kyoto University Center for Hip and Knee Surgery James Whitcomb Riley Children’s Hospital

AIM To determine if there was a seasonal variation in adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty for end stage hip disease due to osteoarthritis(OA) or sequelae of developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).METHODS The total hip registry from the author's institution for the years 1969 to 2013 was reviewed. The month of birth,age,gender,and ethnicity was recorded. Differences between number of births observed and expected in the winter months(October through February) and non-winter mo(March through September) were analyzed with the χ2 test. Detailed temporal variation was mathematically assessed using cosinor *** There were 7792 OA patients and 60 DDH patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. There were more births than expected in the winter months for both the DDH(P < 0.0001) and OA(P = 0.0052) groups. Cosinor analyses demonstrated a peak date of birth on 1st October. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate an increased prevalence of DDH and OA in those patients born in winter.

关键词： Seasonal trend Winter Osteoarthritis Birth month Developmental hip dysplasia

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