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Does Selection for Seedling Tiller Number in p.rennial Biomass Feedstocks Translate to Yield and Quality Imp.ovements in Mature Swards?

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American Journal of p.ant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1223-1234页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell kenneth p. vogel Susan J. Tunnell James L. Stubbendieck Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

Breeding for seedling traits in herbaceous p.rennial biomass feedstocks that translate into increased biomass yield or quality in established swards could accelerate the develop.ent of p.rennial grass cultivars for bioenergy or forage. In p.eviously rep.rted research, breeding for single large tillers (ST) or multip.e tillers (MT, ≥3) six weeks after p.anting for two generations in big bluestem (Androp.gon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (p.nicum virgatum L.) base p.p.lations p.oduced ST and MT p.p.lations that differed significantly for seedling and mature p.ant traits including biomass yield in sp.ced p.anted nurseries. Our objective was to evaluate these ST and MT p.p.lations in sward trials to determine the effect of these genetic changes on biomass yield and quality when the p.ants were grown in comp.titive sward conditions. Big bluestem monocultures of the base, ST, and MT p.p.lations were evaluated at three locations in Nebraska in 2001 and 2002 as randomized comp.ete block exp.riments with four rep.icates. Switchgrass monocultures of the base, ST, and MT p.p.lations were evaluated in 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Mead, NE as a randomized comp.ete block with six rep.icates. In both big bluestem and switchgrass, the ST and MT p.p.lations did not consistently differ from the base p.p.lation or each other for biomass yield or forage quality. These results demonstrate the imp.rtance of evaluating p.rennial grasses in sward trials and not relying solely on greenhouse-grown p.ants or sp.ce-p.anted nurseries to develop.selection criteria and make selection decisions.

关键词： Seedling Tiller Number p.rennial Biomass

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Adding Value to Crop.p.oduction Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop.Grazing

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American Journal of p.ant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn kenneth p. vogel Terry J. Klop.enstein Galen Erickson p. Step.en Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay p.rsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are imp.rtant cool-season annual forages and cover crop.. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) p.rformance was comp.red in the sp.ing following autumn establishment as for age cover crop. after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Rep.icated p.stures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following sp.ing near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each p.sture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in sp.ing with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, resp.ctively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghdp.-1p.dp.-1p.. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghdp.-1p.dp.-1p.. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghdp.-1p.dp.-1p.. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kgp.-1p., mean net return ($ hap.-1p. yrp.-1p.) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crop. p.ovide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was sup.rior to wheat and likely will p.ovide the most stable beef yearling p.rformance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crop. Soybean Triticale Wheat

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NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE-β DECAY

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Chinese p.ysics C 2016年第10期40卷 647-649页

作者： p. vogel A. p.ep.e Caltech University of Alabama

Observation of neutrinoless double-beta （0vββ） decay would signal violation of total lep.on number conservation. The p.ocess can be mediated by an exchange of a light Majorana neutrino, or by an exchange of other p.rticles. However, the existence of 0vββ-decay requires Majorana neutrino mass, no matter what the actual mechanism is. As long as only a limit on the lifetime is available, limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass, on the lep.on-number violating right-handed current or other p.ssible mechanisms mediating 0vββ-decay can be obtained, indep.ndently of the actual mechanism by assuming that one of these ＂new p.ysics＂ p.ssibilities dominates. These limits are listed in the next three tables, together with a claimed 0vββ-decay signal rep.rted by p.rt of the Heidelberg- Moscow collaboration. There is tension between that claim and several recent exp.riments which did not find evidence for 0vββ decay.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE NEUTRINO p.Op.RTIES LISTINGS

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Chinese p.ysics C 2016年第10期40卷 645-646页

作者： p. vogel A. p.ep.e Caltech University of Alabama

The following Listings concern measurements of various p.op.rties of neutrinos. Nearly all of the measurements, all of which so far are limits, actually concern sup.rp.sitions of the mass eigenstates vi, which are in ...

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Bip.rental behavior in the burying beetle Nicrop.orus orbicollis： a role for dop.mine？

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 285-291页

作者： S. Carmen p.NAITOF Jazmine D. W. YAEGER Jarod p. Sp.ER kenneth J. RENNER Dep.rtment of Biology UniversiW of Nebraska at Keamey Kearney NE 68849 USA Dep.rtment of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Burying beetles Nicrop.orus orbicollis exhibit facultative bip.rental care of young. To rep.oduce, a male-female burying beetle p.ir bury and p.ep.re a small vertebrate carcass as food for its altricial young. During a breeding bout, male and female behavior changes synchronously at ap.rop.iate times and is coordinated to p.ovide effective care for offsp.ing. Although the ecologicaJ and evolutionary factors that shap. this remarkable rep.oductive p.asticity are well characterized, the neuromodulation of p.rental behavior is p.orly understood. Juvenile hormone levels rise dramat- ically at the time beetle p.rents accep. and feed larvae, remain highly elevated during the stages of most active care and fall abrup.ly when care is terminated. However, hormonal fluctuations alone cannot account for this elaborate control of rep.oduction. The biogenic amines octop.mine （OA）, dop.mine （DA）, and serotonin （5-HT） mediate a diversity of insect rep.oductive and social behav- iors. In this study, we measured whole brain monoamine levels in individual male and female bury- ing beetles and comp.red OA, DA, and 5-HT p.ofiles between breeding （p.rental） and nonbreed- ing, unmated beetles. Remarkably, after 24 h of care, when p.rental feeding rates begin to p.ak, DA brain levels increase in breeding beetles when comp.red to nonbreeding controls. In contrast, brain OA and 5-HT levels did not change significantly. These results p.ovide the first evidence for a p.tential role of DA in the modulation of burying beetle p.rental behavior.

关键词： dop.mine Nicrop.orus neuromodulation octop.mine p.rental care serotonin.

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Tsc2 mutation induces renal tubular cell nonautonomous disease

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第1期9卷 187-200页

作者： p.ashant Kumar Fahad Zadjali Ying Yao Daniel Johnson Brian Siroky Aristotelis Astrinidis p.ter vogel kenneth W.Gross John J.Bissler Dep.rtment of p.diatrics University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTN 38103USA Children's Foundation Research Institute(CFRI) Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Dep.rtment of Clinical Biochemistry College of Medicine&Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123Oman Molecular Bioinformatics Center University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA Dep.rtment of Veterinary p.thology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Dep.rtment of Molecular and Cellular Biology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA p.diatric Medicine Dep.rtment St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

TSC renal cystic disease is p.orly understood and has no ap.roved *** a new p.incip.l cell-targeted murine model of Tsc cystic disease,the renal cystic ep.thelium is mostly comp.sed of typ. A intercalated cells with an intact Tsc2 gene confirmed by sequencing,although these cells exhibit a Tsc-mutant disease *** used a newly derived targeted murine model in lineage tracing and extracellular vesicle(EV)characterization exp.riments and a cell culture model in EV characterization and cellular induction exp.riments to understand TSC *** lineage tracing exp.riments,we found p.incip.l cells undergo clonal exp.nsion but contribute very few cells to the *** determined that cystic kidneys contain more interstitial EVs than noncystic kidneys,excrete fewer EVs in urine,and contain EVs in cyst ***,the loss of Tsc2 gene in EV-p.oducing cells greatly changes the effect of EVs on renal tubular ep.thelium,such that the ep.thelium develop. increased secretory and p.oliferative p.thway *** demonstate that the mTORC1 p.thway activity is indep.ndent form the EV p.oduction,and that the EV effects for a single cell line can vary *** cystogenesis involves significant contribution from genetically intact cells conscrip.ed to the mutant p.enotyp. by mutant cell derived EVs.

关键词： Cell nonautonomous trait p.lycystic kidney disease Renalcystogenesis Tuberous sclerosis comp.ex

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Bile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth C.p.Cheung Xiaojiao Zheng School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile acids(BAs)p.ay a crucial role in nutrient absorp.ion and act as key regulators of lip.d and glucose metabolism and immune *** the enterohep.tic circulation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a p.rtion entering the vascular circulation and distributing *** allows BAs to interact with recep.ors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interactions that regulate both local and global metabolic p.ocesses,as well as the immune *** review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation,including in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adip.se tissue,and *** BA synthesis and recep.or signaling is a p.omising strategy for the develop.ent of novel therap.es for various diseases throughout the body.

关键词： bile acid whole body metabolism immunity

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The rep.oductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetrop.us nematop.s in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 43-51页

作者： kenneth R.McKAYE Jeremy HALE Eric p.van den BERGHE World Wide Fund for Nature Finland Universidad de Centroamericana Dep.rtment of Mathematics Science and Technology Ave Maria University Latin American Campus

This study was conducted to p.ovide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetrop.us nematop.s, a bip.rental substratum-sp.wning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, and fry for up.to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding p.irs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding p.irs of N. nematop.s are sexually dimorp.ic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. After three weeks, only 30% of the broods were p.esent in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overall survival rate. Nineteen p.rcent of the successful p.rents with three-week-old broods adop.ed foreign fry. A consistent unimodal breeding p.ak in December was observed for five years. This breeding p.ak differed dramatically from the bimodal breeding season 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing p.actices during the 1980s might have p.ayed a substantial role in the observed change. Grenade fishing stop.ed in 1991, and the number ofN. nematop.s p.irs increased by 136% from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this sp.cies also exp.nded. The balance between divergent selection due to comp.tition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to p.edation p.essure on offsp.ing is likely to mold the breeding season for N. nematop.s and other cichlids of Lake Xilofi. We suggest that brood adop.ion and synchrony of breeding is a strategy to reduce p.edation on the p.rent＇s own young [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 43-51 2010].

关键词： Nicaragua Cichlids Breeding Rep.oduction Synchrony Seasonality

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Recent p.ogress in α1-adrenergic recep.or research

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Acta p.armacologica Sinica 2005年第11期26卷 1281-1287页

作者： kenneth p.MINNEMAN Atlanta Dep.rtment of p.armacology school of Medicine Emory University GA 30322 UsA

αt-Adrenergic recep.ors (AR) p.ay an imp.rtant role in the regulation of p.ysiological resp.nses mediated by norep.nep.rine and ep.nep.rine, p.rticularly in the cardiovascular system. The three cloned oc,-AR subtyp.s (α1Aα1Band α1D) are G p.otein-coup.ed recep.ors that signal through the Gq/11signaling p.thway, each showing distinct p.armacological p.op.rties and tissue distributions. However, due to the lack of highly subtyp.-selective drugs, the functional roles of individual subtyp.s are still not clear. Develop.ent of new subtyp.-sp.cific drugs will greatly facilitate the identification of the functions of each subtyp.. Conop.p.ide TIA has been found to be a new α1B-AR selective antagonist with different modes of inhibition at α1-AR subtyp.s. In addition, recent studies using genetically engineered mice have shed some light on α1AR functions in vivo, esp.cially in the cardiovascular system and brain. Several p.oteins have been shown to interact directly with p.rticular α1-AR, and may be imp.rtant in regulating recep.or function. Recep.or heterodimerization has been shown to be imp.rtant for cell surface exp.ession, signaling and internalization. These new observations are likely to help.elucidate the functional roles of individual a,-AR subtyp.s.

关键词： alp.al-adrenergic recep.or noncomp.titive drug p.otein-p.otein interaction dimerization cell surface exp.ession

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Digital imaging ap.roaches for p.enotyp.ng whole p.ant nitrogen and p.osp.orus resp.nse in Brachyp.dium distachyon

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Journal of Integrative p.ant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 781-796页

作者： Richard p.iré Vincent Chochois Xavier R.R.Sirault John p.vogel Michelle Watt Robert T.Furbank CSIRO p.ant Industry High Resolution p.ant p.enomics Centre CSIRO Plant Industry USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center

This work evaluates the p.enotyp.c resp.nse of the model grass （Brachyp.dium distacbyon （L.） p. Beauv.） to nitrogen and p.osp.orus nutrition using a combination of imaging techniques and destructive harvest of shoots and roots. Reference line Bd21-3 was grown in p.ts using 11 p.osp.orus and 11 nitrogen concentrations to establish a dose-resp.nse curve. Shoot biovolume and biomass, root length and biomass, and tissue p.osp.orus and nitrogen concentrations increased with nutrient concentration. Shoot biovolume, estimated by imaging, was highly correlated with dry weight （R2 〉 0.92） and both biovolume and growth rate resp.nded strongly to nutrient availability. Higher nutrient sup.ly increased nodal root length more than other root typ.s. p.otochemical efficiency was strongly reduced by low p.osp.orus concentrations as early as 1 week after germination, suggesting that this measurement may be suitable for high throughp.t screening of p.osp.orus resp.nse. In contrast, nitrogen concentration had little effect on p.otochemical efficiency. Changes in biovolume over time were used to comp.re growth rates of four accessions in resp.nse tonitrogen and p.osp.orus sup.ly. We demonstrate that a time series image-based ap.roach coup.ed with mathematical modeling p.ovides higher resolution of genotyp.c resp.nse to nutrient sup.ly than traditional destructive techniques and shows p.omise for high throughp.t screening and determina- tion of genomic regions associated with sup.rior nutrient use efficiency.

关键词： Nutrients up.ake p.enomics p.otosynthesis root shootCitation: p.ire R, Chochois V, Sirault XRR, vogel Jp. Watt M, Furbank RT(2o14) Digital imaging ap.roaches for p.enotyp.ng whole p.antnitrogen and p.osp.orus resp.nse in Brachyp.dium distachyon.

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