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Radioprotective Potencies of Allium Cepa Extract (ACE) against Radiation-Induced Hepatoxicity in Wistar Rats

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2023年第3期12卷 59-83页

作者： Sylvester Kelechi kenneth okeke Francisca Nneka Agwu kenneth Kalu Attah Okwudili Joseph Deparrtment of Radiation and Clinical Oncology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Medical Radiography Faculty of Health Science University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria

Background and Purpose: All types of ionizing radiations generate ions which can lead to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess production of free radicals or decrease in antioxidants level leads to oxidative stress. It is a harmful process that induces damage to cell structures, lipids, proteins, RNA and DNA which leads to a number of diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of plant extract (Allium Cepa Extract (ACE)) on the kidney of wistar rats exposed to radiation using and assaying some biochemical enzymes. Material and Method: 60 wistar rats weighing 170 ± 20 g were equally divided into six groups for the study. Group 1 (control): neither received ACE nor irradiation. Group 2 (ACE): received 1000 mg/Kg *** of ACE. Group 3 (4 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 4 (6 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 5 (ACE + 4 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg *** of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 6 (ACE + 6 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg *** of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. All the groups received distilled water and feed ad libitum during the acclimatization and experimental periods. Four animals in each group were sacrificed 24 h after irradiation and the 4 remaining animals were sacrificed on day 29 for biochemical assay and histopathological evaluation, the statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data editor SPSS version 28. Results: From the biochemical enzymes, the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in group 2 when compared to group 1 was almost the same, which was not statically significant with (p > 0.05), but groups 3 and 4 show a significant increase in the level of MDA with (p 0.05). The other enzymes like SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH followed suit. Conclusion: From the res

关键词： Allium Cepa Winstar RAT MDA SOD Hepatoxicity

Kinetics of Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Water Dispersed by Environment-Friendly Bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Fungi (Aspergillus niger)

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2023年第1期13卷 19-35页

作者： Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell Mbah Gordian Onyebuchukwu okeke Elochukwu Chinonso Igwilo Christopher Nnaemeka Eze kenneth Afamefuna Department of Chemical Engineering Enugu State University of Science and Technology ESUT Enugu Nigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal College of Agriculture P.M.B. Ishiagu Nigeria

The comparative effectiveness of remediating water polluted with crude oil, using environment-friendly bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Aspergillus niger) were investigated. The samples were separately treated with Aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bioremediation kinetic efficiency for these systems was studied. At the end of the bioremediation periods, the oil and grease content of the samples decreased from 47.0 mg/L in the untreated sample to 7.0 mg/L after 20 days when inoculated with bacteria while the sample inoculated with fungi decreased to 10.0 mg/L. Post analysis when inoculated with bacteria showed a fall in the value of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) from 73.84 mg/L to 33.28 mg/L after 20 days, while, the fungi inoculated sample showed a reduction from 73.84 mg/L to 38.48 mg/L. The biodegradation process with the bacteria was consistent with the pseudo-first-order model with a rate constant of 0.0891 day-1, while the biodegradation process with the fungi was consistent with the first order reaction model with a rate constant of 0.422 day-1. The degree of degradation after the 20th day of inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 85.11%, while with Aspergillus niger was 78.72%. Thus, the results obtained showed that, Pseudomonas aeruginosa performed better than Aspergillus niger. The bioremediation data with fungi fitted the first-order model, while that of the bacteria fitted the pseudo-first-order model. Therefore, the data obtained in this study could be applied in the design of a bioremediation system for potential application to remediation of crude oil polluted water.

关键词： Bioremediation Aspergillus niger Pseudomonas aeruginosa Crude Oil Oil Contaminated Water Kinetics

Exploring the Relationship between Adiponectin and Blood Pressure in Nigerian Children

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 9-19页

作者： Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi Henry Chima Okpara kenneth Nchekwube okeke Ezinne Ifeyinwa Nwaneli Emeka Stephen Edokwe Sylvia Tochukwu Echendu Thomas Obiajulu Ulasi Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Life International Hospital Awka Nigeria

Background: Adiponectin possesses essential physiological functions that protect against the onset of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although several studies have discussed the association between adiponectin and Blood Pressure (BP) in adults and older adolescents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the relationship between adiponectin and BP among children in Africa. Significance: This novel discovery is expected to serve as a benchmark for future local studies in examining the role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disorders among Africans. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 86 healthy children aged 4 to 11 years with normal BMI. BP values were measured and percentiles derived from the 2017 revised clinical practice guidelines of the American Academy of Paediatrics. Fasting blood adiponectin values were determined with ELISA, and the level of statistical significance was set at p Result: 86 children were comprised of 42 (48.8%) males and 44 (51.2%) females. The mean age of all subjects was 7.5 ± 2.3 years, while that of fasting adiponectin was 4.8 ± 2.1 ng/dl. There were no significant differences in the age, Body Mass Index, BP and adiponectin concentrations across gender. 69 (80.2%) participants had normal BP while 5 (5.8%) and 12 (14.0%) had elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension. Mean adiponectin values for normal BP, elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension were 5.1 ± 2.1 ng/ml, 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml and 4.1 ± 1.9 ng/ml respectively (p-value = 0.039). A significant negative correlation was observed between adiponectin and systolic BP independent of age, sex, and BMI. Although a negative correlation was noted between adiponectin and diastolic blood pressure, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Adiponectin correlates negatively with systolic BP in young Nigerian children independent of age, Body Mass Index and gender. More studies are indicated to investigate this relationship in association with vital m

关键词： Adiponectin Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases Nigeria Atherosclerosis Hypertension

Pattern of Neurological Disorders among Children Presenting at the Neurology Unit of Tertiary Hospital in Awka

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 53-62页

作者： Christian Chukwuemeka Ifezulike kenneth Nchekwube okeke Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu Sylvia Tochukwu Echendu Amalachukwu Okwukweka Odita Nkiru Veronica Agu Ezeogu Joseph Stanley Kenechukwu Onah Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Clinical Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOUTH) Amaku Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Imo State Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria

Background: Many children in Nigeria suffer from detrimental, debilitating and lifelong neurologic disorders, many of which are highly preventable using simple, cost-effective interventions. Objective: To examine the pattern of neurological disorders among children presenting at the neurology unit of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Amaku, Awka, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of the hospital records of children who presented at the Paediatric Neurology Unit between 1st March 2020 and 31st March 2022 was carried out. Data were abstracted using a proforma and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Results: A total of 138 children aged 0 to 15 years were seen in the unit during the period under review. 115 (83.35%) of these children were diagnosed with chronic neurological disorders. Those with chronic neurological disorders had a male:female ratio of 1.9:1, and the majority (65%) of them were below 5 years of age. The most common presenting complaints were delayed milestones (43.4%), seizures (23.8%), and speech disorders (17.2%). The most typical diagnosis was cerebral palsy (CP) (34.7%), seizure disorder (29.8%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (8.9%). Perinatal asphyxia (47.7%), neonatal jaundice (17.0%) and central nervous system infections (CNS) infections (12.5%) were identified as the major risk factors responsible for these neurologic disorders. Conclusion: Cerebral palsy and seizure disorders constitute the major neurological disorders among children seen in our institution. Efforts should be intensified at reducing the incidence and impact of perinatal asphyxia, neonatal jaundice and CNS infections, identified as the major culprits, to curb the menace of these debilitating lifelong neurologic sequelae.

关键词： Pattern Neurological Disorders Children

Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Obesity among Adolescents in Secondary School in Onitsha, South East Nigeria

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2023年第7期13卷 85-106页

作者： Nkiru Veronica Agu kenneth Nchekwube okeke Sylvia Tochukwu Echendu Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu Joy Chinelo Ebenebe Thomas Obiajulu Ulasi Njideka Constance Uchefuna Christian Chukwuemeka Ifezulike Amalachukwu Okwukweka Odita Joseph Ezeogu Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Clinical Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Clinical Sciences Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Imo state Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria

Background: The prevalence of obesity among adolescent has been on the increase worldwide. This is probably a result of increase in the sedentary life style and the increasing shift to western diet. Obesity in children and adolescents has adverse consequences. These include increase in the rate of Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, etc with resultant increase in premature deaths. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with overweight and obesity in apparently healthy secondary school adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary school adolescents aged 10 - 19 years randomly selected from two public schools and three private schools. The weight and heights of study subjects were measured using standard equipment. Body mass index (BMI) was appropriately calculated and the WHO growth reference standard for age and gender, specific percentile for BMI was used to define overweight 85th to 97th and obese (97th percentile and above). Results: Data were initially collected from 1250 participants, but 52 were excluded due to improperly completed questionnaires. Thus, a total of 1198 students were ultimately included in the study, giving a response rate of 95.8%. These included 621 females (51.8%) and 577 males (48.2%) aged 10 - 19 years giving a F:M ratio of 1:0.9. The mean age of the students was 15.07 ± 1.96 years overall, 15.13 ± 2.08 years for males and 15.03 ± 1.83 years for females. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female in the distribution of age groups (p = 0.12). The mean BMI was 21.51 ± 3.57 kg/m2 for females and 20.22 ± 3.16 kg/m2 for males. The BMI was significantly higher in females in all age groups (p < 0.001) except those aged 10 - p = 0.13). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were higher in females than males (17.7% vs 10.7%, 5.6% vs 4.5% respectively;p ≤ 12

关键词： Adolescent Obesity Socio-Demographic Behavioral Factors