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The Potential Use of Cassava Peel for Treatment of mine Water in mozambique

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第3期8卷 277-289页

作者： Estevao A.Jr.Pondja kenneth m.persson Nelson P.matsinhe Department of Building&Environmental Technology Lund UniversityLundSweden Department of Civil Engineering Eduardo Mondlane UniversityMaputoMozambique

In the last decade, mozambique became one of the top coal producers in Africa. The coal mines are in moatize district in the center of the country, inside the lower Zambezi river basin. Pollution due to mining activities has negative impacts in agriculture, fishing, water supply, and presents risks to public health. mozambique is one of the largest cassava producers in the world. more than 1.5 million tons of cassava peel are generated in the country and this agro-waste is discarded. The aim of this study is to discuss the possibility of using cassava peel to treat mine water. Cassava peel can be used as carbon sources for sulfate reducing bacteria in bioremediation, as an adsorbent and as a filter medium. An integrated method is proposed for treatment of mine water in moatize. It was suggested that applying cassava peel generated in developing countries for treatment of mine water could be a good solution to protect the environment against mining pollution.

关键词： Cassava Peel Bioremediation Adsorption Filtration mine Water

A Survey of Experience Gained from the Treatment of Coal mine Wastewater

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第18期6卷 1646-1658页

作者： Estevao A.Pondja Jr. kenneth m.persson Nelson P.matsinhe Department of Building and Environmental Technology Lund UniversityLundSweden Department of Chemical Engineering Eduardo Mondlane UniversityMaputoMozambique

During coal mining, water resources may be polluted by acid mine drainage (AmD) if appropriate measures are not taken. AmD releases metals to the environment, which can be harmful to aquatic species and reduce biodiversity. There is a great deal of information available in the literature on the generation and treatment of AmD and this paper tries to summarize some of them in order to facilitate the choice of the most appropriate method for AmD treatment at a specific mining site. The objective of this study was to identify and describe different methods of treating polluted water from coal mining, and to discuss the choice of suitable methods at specific mining sites. Both active and passive methods of AmD treatment are discussed in order to provide a general picture of the measures that have been taken around the world by coal mining companies. From this study, we were able to conclude that in order to choose the appropriate method for a specific mining site it is necessary to analyze the chemistry of the acid water and the flow rate from that site. The cost, implementability and effectiveness of the method should also be considered. minimizing the amount of drainage water generated is naturally the first choice of management strategy and the containment of the AmD is the second choice. The third alternative is the treatment of the wastewater.

关键词： Coal mining Acid mine Drainage Treatment of mining Water Passive and Active Treatment

Well-Posedness of Stochastic Continuity Equations on Riemannian manifolds

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Chinese Annals of mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： Luca GALImBERTI kenneth H.KARLSEN Department of mathematical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of mathematics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

The authors analyze continuity equations with Stratonovich stochasticity,■ρ+divh[ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth closed Riemannian manifold m with metric *** velocity field u is perturbed by Gaussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on *** velocity u belongs to L_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with divh u bounded in Lf,for p>d+2,where d is the dimension of m(they do not assume div_(h) u∈L_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully chosen noise vector fields ai(and the number N of them),they show that the initial-value problem is well-posed in the class of weak L^(2) solutions,although the problem can be ill-posed in the deterministic case because of concentration *** proof of this“regularization by noise”result is based on a L^(2) estimate,which is obtained by a duality method,and a weak compactness argument.

关键词： Stochastic continuity equation Riemannian manifold Hyperbolic equa-tion Non-smooth velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.persson magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.mcRoberts Department of Forest Resource management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias model-based inference Design-based inference

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren Eric m.Pierce kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. G. Neevel kenneth D. S. Fernald Linda H. m. van de Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Impact

Global wild rice germplasm resources conservation alliance:World Wild-Rice Wiring

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molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 516-518页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Disna Ratnasekera Jiayu Fan Robert J.Henry Beng-Kah Song kenneth m.Olsen Bal Krishna Joshi maria Celeste N.Banaticla-Hilario Tonapha Pusadee Adane Getachew melaku Yeyinou Laura Estelle Loko Koukham Vilayheuang Gavers K.Oppong Samuel Aduse Poku Peterson W.Wambugu Song Ge Aldo merotto Junior Ohn mar Aung Ramaiah Venuprasad Ajay Kohli Wenbin Zhou Qian Qian National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya National Research Institute of Breeding in Hainan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777Metro Manila 4031Philippines Department of Agricultural Biology Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka Yazhouwan National Laboratory No.8 Huanjin RoadYazhou DistrictSanya CityHainan Province 572024China Hainan University Haikou 570228China ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia School of Science Monash University Malaysia47500 Bandar SunwaySelangor 47500Malaysia Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center(Genebank) KhumaltarPO Box 3055KathmanduNepal Plant Biology Division Insttute of Biological SciencesUniversity of the Pilippines Los BanosLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Bio and Emerging Technology Institute Addis Ababa 1165Ethiopia National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)Dassa-ZouméBP 14Benin National Genebank Rice and Cash Crops Research CenterNAFRIVientiane 0605Lao PDR Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK UK Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences and University of Nottingham Nottingham LE125RDUK Department of Plant and Environmental Biology University of GhanaAccraGhana Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Genetic Resources Research InstituteNairobi 00200Kenya Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGSPorto Alegre 91501-970RSBrazil Department of Agricultur

Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing ***(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's *** rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate *** rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme *** has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding *** identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice *** addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental ***,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic *** the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.

关键词： germplasm breeding crops

Dendritic cells in cancer immunology

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 3-13页

作者： Theresa L.murphy kenneth m.murphy Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in St.LouisSchool of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA

The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy(ICT)has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune *** of the current translational efforts are aimed at enhancing ICT by identifying therapeutic targets that synergize with CTLA4 or PD1/PD-L1 blockade and are solidly developed on the basis of currently accepted *** these principles through continuous basic research may help broaden translational *** this mindset,we focused this review on three threads of basic research directly relating to mechanisms underlying ***,this review covers three aspects of dendritic cell(DC)biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic ***,we review recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs,identifying important features distinguishing these cells from other types of ***,we review the antigen-processing pathway called cross-presentation,which was discovered in the mid-1970s and remains an *** pathway serves an essential in vivo function unique to cDC1s and may be both a physiologic bottleneck and therapeutic ***,we review the longstanding field of helper cells and the related area of DC licensing,in which CD4 T cells influence the strength or quality of CD8 T cell *** topic is connected with ICT in some manner but is also a fundamental aspect of cell-mediated immunity directed toward intracellular pathogens.

关键词： Dendritic cells transcription factors cross-presentation tumor rejection CD4 help

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Rubber–ice friction

Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1534-1543页

作者： Toshi TADA Satoshi KAWASAKI Ryouske SHImIZU Bo N.J.persson Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd.Material Research&Development HQ.2-1-1Kobe 651-0071Japan Peter Grünberg Institute(PGI-1) Forschungszentrum JülichJülich 52425Germany multiscaleConsulting Jülich 52428Germany

We study the friction when a rectangular tire tread rubber block is sliding on an ice surface at different temperatures ranging from−38 to−2℃,and sliding speeds ranging from 3μm/s to 1 cm/*** low temperatures and low sliding speeds we propose that an important contribution to the friction force is due to slip between the ice surface and ice fragments attached to the rubber *** temperatures above−10℃ or for high enough sliding speeds,a thin premelted water film occurs on the ice surface and the contribution to the friction from shearing the area of real contact is *** this case the dominant contribution to the friction force comes from viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the ice *** comment on the role of waxing on the friction between skis and snow(ice particles).

关键词： ice friction rubber friction ice premelting