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Vulnerability of Kenya’s Water Towers to Future Climate Change: An Assessment to Inform Decision Making in Watershed Management

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第3期9卷 317-353页

作者： kenneth kemucie mwangi Anthony M. Musili Viola A. Otieno Hussen S. Endris Geoffrey Sabiiti Mohammed A. Hassan Abebe Tadege Tsehayu Artan Guleid Zachary Atheru Alphonce C. Guzha Thomas De Meo Nikola Smith Dickson Lubanga Makanji John Kerkering Brehan Doud Enock Kanyanya IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre Nairobi Kenya USDA Forest Service International Programs c/o African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) Karen Kenya USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Portland OR USA Egerton University Njoro Kenya USDA Forest Service International Programs Washington DC USA USDA Forest Service International Programs Seattle USA USAID Kenya and East Africa Nairobi Kenya

Recent trends show that in the coming decades, Kenya’s natural resources will continue to face significant pressure due to both anthropogenic and natural stressors, and this will have greater negative impacts on socio-economic development including food security and livelihoods. Understanding the impacts of these stressors is an important step to developing coping and adaptation strategies at every level. The Water Towers of Kenya play a critical role in supplying ecosystems services such as water supply, timber and non-timber forest products and regulating services such as climate and water quantity and quality. To assess the vulnerability of the Water Towers to climate change, the study adopted the IPCC AR4 framework that defines vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The historical trends in rainfall indicate that the three Water Towers show a declining rainfall trend during the March-April-May (MAM) main rainy season, while the October-November-December (OND) short rainy season shows an increase. The temperature patterns are consistent with the domain having a common rising trend with a rate in the range of 0.3°C to 0.5°C per decade. Projection analysis considered three emissions scenarios: low-emission (mitigation) scenario (RCP2.6), a medium-level emission scenario (RCP4.5), and a high-emission (business as usual) scenario (RCP8.5). The results of the high-emission scenario show that the annual temperature over the Water Towers could rise by 3.0°C to 3.5

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Land Cover Changes in Lower Jubba Somalia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第3期7卷 367-387页

作者： Linda Ajuang Ogallo kenneth mwangi Philip Omondi Gilbert Ouma Gordon Wayumba Institute of Climate Change and Adaptation University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre Nairobi Kenya The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Charcoal is the main cooking source of energy used by millions of households in Somalia and has been described as “black gold” because of the revenue it produces. The objective of this study was to understand the extent of land cover change, given the widely reported charcoal trade in the South of Somalia. Land cover change analysis was done using remotely data from Landsat imagery. Different images covering all districts in Lower Jubba from 1993/95, 2000 and 2014 were analysed and compared. A survey was conducted in Lower Jubba to determine the divers of deforestation and degradation in the region. Results showed a 50% reduction in forest cover and a 17% reduction in woodlands between 1993/95 and 2014. Results from the survey showed charcoal production as a maladaptive response to climate extremes. If business continues as usual with deforestation, the entire area could completely be deforested in the future. Results from this study can be useful in the development of strategies for reforestation, environmental management and sustainable development for this region.

关键词： Land Cover Change Climate Degradation Deforestation Charcoal Production Sustainable Development Somalia

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Assessment of the Social, Economic and Environmental Aspects of Solid Waste Management in Selected Open Dumpsites in Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第9期4卷 490-493页

作者： kenneth Kamumbu Mugo James Muraya Gichanga Gatebe Erastus Paul mwangi Njogu Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IEET) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi 00100 Kenya Department of Chemistry Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUA 19 Nairobi 00100 Kenya

The most prevalent way of disposing solid waste in most of the developing countries is open dumping which is the easiest and considered to be the cheapest method of removing waste from the immediate environment. The increasing awareness on public health and environment quality concerns are expected to provide the impetus that is needed to develop and implement a sustainable approach to manage solids. An inventory of these locations, the types of waste handled and management processes for waste products will aid in the assessment of the polluting capability of such sites. This paper discusses research experiences gathered during a study that was undertaken in three Kenya dumpsites to explore the potential for utilising the waste for energy generation in a low-income economy and at the same time, address worsening disposal challenges.

关键词： Solid waste dumpsites management.

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