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Deep learning's fitness for purpose:A transformation problem frame's perspective

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第2期8卷 343-354页

作者： Hemanth Gudaparthi Nan Niu Yilong Yang Matthew Van Doren Reese johnson Department of EECS University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA School of Software Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati CincinnatiOhioUSA

Combined sewer overflows represent significant risks to human health as untreated water is discharged to the ***,such as the Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati(MSDGC),recently began collecting large amounts of water-related data and considering the adoption of deep learning(DL)solutions like recurrent neural network(RNN)for predicting overflow ***,assessing the DL's fitness for the purpose requires a systematic understanding of the problem *** this study,we propose a requirements engineering framework that uses the problem frames to identify and structure the stakeholder concerns,analyses the physical situations in which the highquality data assumptions may not hold,and derives the software testing criteria in the form of metamorphic relations that incorporate both input transformations and output *** our framework to MSDGC's overflow prediction problem enables a principled way to evaluate different RNN solutions in meeting the requirements.

关键词： deep learning deep neural networks software engineering

Influence of Soil Properties on Zinc Solubility Dynamics Under Different Redox Conditions in Non-Calcareous Soils

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Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 96-105页

作者： Michelle Anne Belen BUNQUIN Susan TANDY Sarah johnson BEEBOUT Rainer SCHULIN Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteCollegeLos Banos Soil Protection Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich

Zinc(Zn) deficiency in paddy soils is often a problem for rice *** can decrease metal availability in some noncalcareous soils through different mechanisms associated with soil redox *** experiments were performed in order to better understand the processes that governed the dynamics of Zn in non-calcareous paddy soils at varying redox potentials(Eh).Airdried non-calcareous soil samples collected from four different paddy field sites in the Philippines were submerged and incubated in a reaction cell with continuous stirring and nitrogen purging for 4 weeks,and then purged with compressed air for another week to reoxidize the *** Eh of the four soils started at 120 to 300 mV,decreased to —220 to —300 mV after 100 to 250 h of reduction,and was maintained at this low plateau for about 2 weeks before increasing again upon *** solubility showed contrasting patterns in the four soils,with two of the soils showing a decrease in soluble Zn as the Eh became low,probably due to zinc sulfide(ZnS) *** contrast,the other two soils showed that Zn solubility was maintained during the reduced phase which could be due to the competition with iron(Fe) for precipitation with *** in the relative amounts of S,Fe,and manganese(Mn) oxides in the four soils apparently influenced the pattern of Zn solubility after flooding.

关键词： microcosm paddy soil precipitation rice soil sulfide speciation Zn availability

Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 587-601页

作者： Sai Zhang Jay S.johnson Mu Qiao Nathalie L.Trottier Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit West Lafayette 47907USA Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064China

Background:The study objective was to test the hypothesis that 1)lowering dietary crude protein(CP)increases dietary energetic efficiency and reduces metabolic heat associated with lactation,and 2)excessive dietary leucine(Leu)supplementation in a low CP diet decreases dietary energetic efficiency and increases metabolic heat associated with ***:Fifty-four lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 3 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):1)control(CON;18.75%CP),2)reduced CP with a near ideal or optimal AA profile(OPT;13.75%CP)and 3)diet OPT with excessive Leu(OPTLEU;14.25%CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on day 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on day 1,4,8,14,18,and 21 of *** balance was measured on sows during early(day 4 to 8)and peak(day 14 to18)lactation,and milk was sampled on day 8 and ***:Over 21-day lactation,sows fed OPT lost body weight and body lipid(P<0.05).In peak lactation,sows fed OPT had higher milk energy output(P<0.05)than *** fed OPTLEU tended(P=0.07)to have less milk energy output than OPT and did not differ from *** energy retention was lower(P<0.05)in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON sows,and did not differ between OPTLEU and OPT *** fed OPT had higher(P<0.05)apparent energy efficiency for milk production compared to *** production associated with lactation was lower(P<0.05)or tended to be lower(P=0.082),respectively,in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON ***:The OPT diet,in peak lactation,improved dietary energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss,and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid *** supplementation above requirement may reduce dietary energy utilization for lactation by decreasing the energy partitioning towards milk,partially explaining the effectiveness of OPT diet over CON diets.

关键词： Amino acid Energy balance Heat production Lactating sows Leucine Reduced protein diet

U.S. red meat production from foreign-born animals

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 201-207页

作者： Michael J. McConnell kenneth H. Mathews Jr. Rachel J. johnson Keithly Jones US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Washington DC USA.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) propelled the integration of livestock markets among the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Along with vertical integration within the respective industries, different sectors of the cattle and hog industries have shifted their production locations based on resource efficiencies. Imports of live cattle and hogs, as well as beef and pork, in the United States have been steadily increasing since the implementation of NAFTA, except during the restrictions on cattle and beef imports from Canada due to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) discoveries there in 2003. There are limited empirical sources that relate the importation of livestock to the domestic U.S. production of meats. This paper introduces a methodology to estimate the amount of U.S. beef and pork production that can be attributed to foreign-born cattle and hogs. The procedure uses official U.S. trade data to quantify livestock imported at various weights and stages of production and projects the final production date and weight using existing data and literature.

关键词： Beef Livestock Pork Trade

Recent advances towards single biomolecule level understanding of protein adsorption phenomena unique to nanoscale polymer surfaces with chemical variations

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1295-1317页

作者： David H.Cho Tian Xie johnson Truong Andrew C.Stoner Jong-in Hahm Department of Chemistry Georgetown University37th&O Sts.NW.WashingtonDC 20057USA

Protein adsorption onto polymer surfaces is a very complex and ubiquitous phenomenon whose integrated process impacts essential applications in our daily lives such as food packaging materials,health devices,diagnostic tools,and medical ***,novel polymer materials with greater chemical intricacy and reduced dimensionality are used for various applications involving adsorbed proteins on their ***,the nature of protein-surface interactions to consider is becoming much more complicated than before.A large body of literature exists for protein ***,most of these investigations have focused on collectively measured,ensemble-averaged protein behaviors that occur on macroscale and chemically unvarying polymer surfaces instead of direct measurements at the single protein or sub-protein *** addition,interrogations of protein-polymer adsorption boundaries in these studies were typically carried out by indirect methods,whose insights may not be suitably applied for explaining individual protein adsorption processes occurring onto nanostructured,chemically varying polymer ***,an important gap in our knowledge still exists that needs to be systematically addressed via direct measurement means at the single protein and sub-protein *** efforts will require multifaceted experimental and theoretical approaches that can probe multilength scales of protein adsorption,while encompassing both single proteins and their collective ensemble behaviors at the length scale spanning from the nanoscopic all the way to the macroscopic *** this review,key research achievements in nanoscale protein adsorption to date will be ***,protein adsorption studies involving polymer surfaces with their defining feature dimensions and associated chemical partitions comparable to the size of individual proteins will be discussed in *** this regard,recent works bridging the crucial knowledge gap in protein adso

关键词： nanoscale protein adsorption nanoscale protein assembly protein self-assembly on polymer protein nanopatterning protein-nanosurface interaction

Map Difference Indication Using CNN Based Deep Learning Algorithm

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Map Difference Indication Using CNN Based Deep Learning Algo...

作者： JERKER johnson KALAMA 浙江工商大学

学位级别：硕士

在遥感领域,当前存在多种图像变化检测模型,但由于其准确性、性能和延迟,这些方法在变化检测方面各有优劣势,往往存在效率不高问题。这类方法的时间复杂度高,预测的准确性仍有提升空间。为了提供不同日期的地图变化检测解决方案,我们提... 详细信息

在遥感领域,当前存在多种图像变化检测模型,但由于其准确性、性能和延迟,这些方法在变化检测方面各有优劣势,往往存在效率不高问题。这类方法的时间复杂度高,预测的准确性仍有提升空间。为了提供不同日期的地图变化检测解决方案,我们提出了一种基于LSTM与CNN结合的新型混合CNN模型。该模型将图像作为输入并转换为灰度以提取特征,根据像素值创建矩阵。此外,所提出的框架使用基于图像像素的欧几里得距离来提供地图中的图像变化检测,所提出的模型使用公开可用的数据集进行训练,特别是我们使用了1994年和2014年的阿根廷历史地图以及其他公共地图,以便评估我们的模型。我们所提出的模型基于有效的地图变化检测框架,可以用于识别在两个不同时间查看时在同一区域的地图上发生变化的地点。为了证明所提出的框架的合理性,我们通过模拟进行了比较分析,并证明所提出的框架在变化检测准确性和整体性能方面优于参考的基准模型。

关键词：地图变化分类变化检测卷积神经网络全卷积神经网络空洞卷

Modern drug discovery for inflammatory bowel disease: The role of computational methods

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第2期29卷 310-331页

作者： Titilayo Omolara johnson Augustina Oduje Akinsanmi Stephen Adakole Ejembi Olugbenga Eyitayo Adeyemi Jane-Rose Oche Grace Inioluwa johnson Abayomi Emmanuel Adegboyega Department of Biochemistry University of JosJos 930222PlateauNigeria Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Health SciencesUniversity of JosJos 930222PlateauNigeria

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)comprising ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease and microscopic colitis are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal *** has spread around the world and is becoming more prevalent at an alarming rate in developing countries whose societies have become more *** therapy,intestinal microecology,apheresis therapy,exosome therapy and small molecules are emerging therapeutic options for ***,it is thought that low-molecular-mass substances with good oral bio-availability and the ability to permeate the cell membrane to regulate the action of elements of the inflammatory signaling pathway are effective therapeutic options for the treatment of *** small molecule inhibitors are being developed as a promising alternative for IBD *** use of highly efficient and time-saving techniques,such as computational methods,is still a viable option for the development of these small molecule *** computeraided(in silico)discovery approach is one drug development technique that has mostly proven *** approaches when combined with traditional drug development methodology dramatically boost the likelihood of drug discovery in a sustainable and cost-effective *** review focuses on the modern drug discovery approaches for the design of novel IBD drugs with an emphasis on the role of computational *** computational approaches to IBD genomic studies,target identification,and virtual screening for the discovery of new drugs and in the repurposing of existing drugs are discussed.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Computer-aided drug design Janus Kinase Molecular docking Genome-wide association study Molecular dynamics simulation

3D Nanoporous Graphene Based Single-Atom Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion and Storage

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第10期3卷 1011-1021页

作者： Isaac johnson Jiuhui Han Mingwei Chen Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218United States WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences(FRIS) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8578Japan

CONSPECTUS:This Account will provide an overview and analysis on recent research of 3D nanoporous graphene based single-atom electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage *** order to meet the increasing energy demands and assist in the transition from a global economy that relies heavily on fossil fuels to one that utilizes more renewable energy sources,there is urgent need to develop highperforming electrocatalysts toward renewable energy related *** catalysts are expected to have low overpotentials,high reaction selectivity,long cycling stability,and,importantly,lower materials costs to address the challenges of traditional nanoparticulate noble metal catalysts.

关键词： utilize selectivity stability

Electrical geophysical evaluation of susceptibility to flooding in University of Nigeria, Nsukka main campus and its environs, Southeastern Nigeria

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2023年第4期11卷 422-434页

作者： Daniel Nnaemeka Obiora johnson Cletus Ibuot Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State

Flooding occurs when rainfall exceeds the absorption capacity of soil and causes significant environmental *** this study,electrical resistivity techniques were employed to assess the flood susceptibility of the study area by examining variations in electrical *** to flooding,Vertical Electrical Sounding(VES)and Electrical Resistivity Tomography(ERT)profiles were conducted to determine the variations in resistivity within subsurface lithologies exposed to the injected *** injected current penetrated the subsurface units characterised by resistivity ranging from 190.5Ω·m to 6,775.7Ω·m,42.3Ω·m to 7,297.4Ω·m,and 320.2Ω·m to 24,433.3Ω·m in the first,second and third layers,*** layers were identified as lateritic topsoil,medium-coarse brownish grained sand,and coarse pebbly blackish sand,*** calculated reflection coefficients between layers 1,2,and 3 reveal alternation in layers with values ranging from−0.04 to 0.66 and 0.36 to 0.95 for and,*** transverse resistivity,longitudinal resistivity and anisotropy ranged from 243.59Ω·m to 24,115.42Ω·m,199.61Ω·m to 14,950.76Ω·m,and 1.02 to *** derived from the ERT profiles reveal variations in resistivity,pinpointing areas of low resistivity which correspond to waterlogged and impermeable *** result of this study underscores the importance of integrated resistivity techniques in the study of floods,as it provides valuable insights into flood behaviour,and subsurface dynamics.

关键词： Anisotropy Vertical electrical sounding Electrical resistivity tomography Geoelectric layer Permeability