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Improving antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

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World j.urnal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 199-205页

作者： Rebekah shaw Erica Popovsky Alyssa Abo Marni j.cobs Nicole Herrera j.mes Chamberlain AndreaHahn Division of Pediatrics Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Emergency Medicine Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Department of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Infectious Diseases Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA

BACKGROUND:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Society(PIDS)and Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA)published an evidence-based guideline for the treatment of uncomplicated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children,recommending aminopenicillins as the first-line *** guideline compliance with 10%–50%of patients admitted to the hospital receiving narrow-spectrum antibiotics has been reported.A new clinical practice guideline(CPG)was implemented in our emergency department(ED)for uncomplicated *** aim of this study was to examine baseline knowledge and ED provider prescribing patterns pre-and post-CPG ***:Prior to CPG-implementation,an anonymous case-based survey was distributed to evaluate knowledge of the current PIDS/IDSA guideline.A retrospective chart review of patients treated in the ED for CAP from j.nuary 2015 to February 2017 was performed to assess prescribing patterns for intravenous(IV)antibiotics in the ED at Children’s National Health System pre-and post-CPG ***:ED providers were aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline recommendations,with 86.4%of survey responders selecting ampicillin as the initial antibiotic of ***,only 41.2%of patients admitted to the hospital with uncomplicated CAP pre-CPG received ampicillin(P<0.01).There was no statistically signifi cant increase in ampicillin prescribing post-CPG(P=0.40).CONCLUSIONS:Providers in the ED are aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline regarding the first-line therapy for uncomplicated CAP;however,this knowledge does not translate into clinical *** of a CPG in isolation did not significantly change prescribing patterns for uncomplicated CAP.

关键词： Antibiotics Community-acquired pneumonia Emergency department Pediatrics

Removal of formaldehyde over Mn_xCe_(1- x)O_2 catalysts: Thermal catalytic oxidation versus ozone catalytic oxidation

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第12期26卷 2546-2553页

作者： j.a Wei Li Kuan Lun Pan Sheng j.n Yu shaw Yi Yan Moo Been Chang Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Central University Industrial Technology Research Institute

MnxCe1- xO2（x： 0.3–0.9） prepared by Pechini method was used as a catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde（HCHO）. At x = 0.3 and 0.5, most of the manganese was incorporated in the fluorite structure of Ce O2 to form a solid solution. The catalytic activity was best at x = 0.5, at which the temperature of 100% removal rate is the lowest（270°C）. The temperature for 100% removal of HCHO oxidation is reduced by approximately 40°C by loading 5 wt.% Cu Oxinto Mn0.5Ce0.5O2. With ozone catalytic oxidation, HCHO（61 ppm） in gas stream was completely oxidized by adding 506 ppm O3 over Mn0.5Ce0.5O2 catalyst with a GHSV（gas hourly space velocity） of 10,000 hr-1at 25°C. The effect of the molar ratio of O3 to HCHO was also investigated. As O3/HCHO ratio was increased from 3 to 8, the removal efficiency of HCHO was increased from 83.3% to 100%. With O3/HCHO ratio of 8, the mineralization efficiency of HCHO to CO2 was 86.1%. At 25°C, the p-type oxide semiconductor（Mn0.5Ce0.5O2） exhibited an excellent ozone decomposition efficiency of 99.2%,which significantly exceeded that of n-type oxide semiconductors such as Ti O2, which had a low ozone decomposition efficiency（9.81%）. At a GHSV of 10,000 hr-1, [O3]/[HCHO] = 3 and temperature of 25°C, a high HCHO removal efficiency（≥ 81.2%） was maintained throughout the durability test of 80 hr, indicating the long-term stability of the catalyst for HCHO removal.

关键词： Formaldehyde Volatile organic compounds Indoor air pollutant Thermal catalytic oxidation Ozone catalytic oxidation

Determination of slug permeability factor for pressure drop prediction of slug flow pneumatic conveying

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Particuology 2008年第5期6卷 307-315页

作者： kenneth C.Williams Mark G.j.nes Tobias Krull Centre for Bulk Solids and Particulate Technology The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Current models for pressure drop prediction of slug flow pneumatic conveying in a horizontal pipeline system assume some type of steady state conditions for prediction, which limits their capability for increased predictive accuracy relative to experimental data. This is partly because of the nature of slug flow pneumatic conveying system, which, as a dynamic system, never becomes stable. By utilising conservation of mass （airflow）, a dynamic pressure analysis model is proposed on the basis of the derivative of the upstream pressure behaviour. The rate of air permeation through slug, one of the important factors in the conservation model, is expressed as a function of a slug permeability factor. Other factors such as slug velocity, slug length and the fraction of stationary layer were also considered. Several test materials were conveyed in single-slug tests to verify the proposed pressure drop model, showing good agreement between the model and experimental results.

关键词： Slug flow pneumatic conveying Pressure drop Air mass conversation Slug permeability factor

A critical review of ferritin as a drug nanocarrier:Structure,properties,comparative advantages and challenges

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Particuology 2022年第5期20卷 65-84页

作者： Shuang Yin kenneth Davey Sheng Dai Yongdong Liu j.ngxiu Bi School of Chemical Engineering&Advanced Materials Faculty of EngineeringComputer and Mathematical Sciences.University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Chemical Engineering Brunei University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUnited Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Engineering.Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences.BeijingChina

Ferritin stores and releases iron ions in *** is globally important as a drug *** is because of its unique hollow-spherical structure,desirable stability and biological *** drug-loading approaches plus various functionalization approaches have been developed to improve ferritin in response to differing demands in disease ***,we critically review ferritin drug delivery and evaluate its diverse drug-loading and functionalization approaches,we:(1)Introduce basic structural and property information related to ferritin as a drug nanocarrier;(2)Contrast in detail the different means to load drugs and the selection of drug loading means;(3)Discuss multiple ferritin functionalization approaches,together with related advantages and potential risks;and,(4)Compare ferritin with alternative,commonly-used drug *** conclude that despite that no drugs based on ferritin are commercially available,the market potential for it is significant,and evaluate future research *** from this work will be of immediate benefit and interest to a wide range of researchers and manufacturers for drug delivery using ferritin.

关键词： Ferritin Drug delivery Drug nanocarrier Protein functionalization

Cell-type specific examination of central amygdala dopamine receptor 2 expressing neurons as a translational target for pharmacological enhancement of extinction

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2017年第10期31卷 952-953页

作者： kenneth M.MCCULLOUGH Georgette GAFFORD Filomene G MORRISON Kerry j.RESSLER Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders Mc Lean HospitalDepartment of PsychiatryHarvard Medical School Behavioral Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University

Behavioral and molecular characterization of cell-type specific populations governing fear learning and behavior is a promising avenue for the rational identification of potential therapeutics for fear-related *** of cell-type specific changes in neuronal translation following fear learning allows for targeted pharmacological intervention during fear extinction learning,mirroring possible treatment strategies in *** we identify the central amygdala(Ce A)Drd2-expressing population as a fear-supporting population that is molecularly distinct from other,previously identified fear-supporting CeA *** of actively translating transcripts of Drd2 neurons identifies m RNAs that are differentially regulated following fear learning including Npy5r,Rxrg,Sst5r,Fgf3,Erb B4,Fkbp14,Dlk1,Ssh3 and *** pharmacological manipulation of NPY5R,RXR,and ADORA2A confirms their importance in fear behavior and validates the present approach of identifying pharmacological targets for the modulation of emotional learning.

关键词： cell-type specific populations fear-related disorders central amygdala dopamine receptor 2

Prolapse Incidence in Swine Breeding Herds Is a Cause for Concern

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Open j.urnal of Veterinary Medicine 2017年第8期7卷 85-97页

作者： China Supakorn j.seph D. Stock Chris Hostetler kenneth j. Stalder Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA USA National Pork Board Des Moines IA USA

Beginning in the fall of 2014 there has been a general and widespread increase in the incidence of prolapse in the U.S. swine herd. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the incidence, causative factors and treatment of rectal, vaginal, uterine and preputial prolapses. Rectal and vaginal prolapses are most common in swine when compared to other prolapse types. The cause of prolapses supports a fixation mechanism failure overcome by pressure on or weakening of support tissue. The fundamental factors affecting the incidence for prolapses are many and include factors related to nutrition, physiology, hormones, genetics, environment and other disease factors such as chronic diarrhea, cough, and dystocia. Treatment of prolapsed swine includes surgical and therapeutic management that can lead to complete recovery. However, in most cases, euthanasia is the final result. Economic loss was calculated at approximately $5220 dollars/year/1000 sows.

关键词： Prolapse Breeding Herds and Sow

Aqueous Solubility Enhancement of Mirtazapine: Effect of Cosolvent and Surfactant

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第10期6卷 471-476页

作者： kenneth E. Ezealisij. Chika j. Mbah Patience O. Osadebe Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

The poor aqueous solubility of drugs is a challenging problem faced by pharmaceutical scientists in drug formulation. Cosolvency and micellization techniques have been severally used to enhance the solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant used for the treatment of moderate to severe depression and anxiety, has very poor aqueous solubility. The obj.ctive of the study was to investigate the effect of solubilizing agents (cosolvents and surfactants) on the aqueous solubility of mirtazapine while envisaging that any significant improvement in its aqueous solubility could contribute towards alleviating the withdrawal symptoms often associated with the drug. The solubility of mirtazapine was determined at room temperature in aqueous mixtures of cosolvents (propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400) and surfactants (polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80 and sodium lauryl sulfate). An exponential increase in mirtazapine solubility was observed when total drug solubility in water-cosolvent system was plotted against cosolvent fraction volume. Polyethylene glycol 400 gave larger solubilization capacity (σ) when compared to propylene glycol. With the surfactants, linear relationship between the total solubility of the drug in water-surfactant mixtures and surfactant concentration was noted. Sodium lauryl sulfate showed the largest solubilization power (k) when compared to the nonionic surfactants (polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 respectively). A linear relationship between standard free energy and partition coefficient was also observed. The result of the study shows that aqueous solubility of mirtazapine is significantly improved by cosolvency and micellization and therefore there exists the possibility of improving the withdrawal symptoms often experienced with the drug. It also suggests that large free energy is required for drugs with high partition coefficients to permeate the biological membrane.

关键词： Mirtazapine Cosolvency Micellization Aqueous Solubility

Role of Nitrite in Tumor Growth, Symbiogenetic Evolution of Cancer Cells, and China’s Successes in the War against Cancer

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第5期2卷 601-606页

作者： kenneth j. Hsu Chao S. Huangfu Min Z. Qin 不详

Statistics and experiments indicate a correlation between cancer mortality and nitrite in drinking water. Nitrite is a reductant that can deprive a cell of oxygen;it is also an oxidant that can be a substrate in anaerobic ammonium oxidation, the metabolic mode of the anammox bacteria. Eukaryote cells evolved through a fusion of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. We postulate that an anammox bacterium sought refuge in a fusion with a membrane-bound cluster of aerobic bacteria. While the latter evolved into mitochondria organelles, the former became the nucleus of a prokaryote cell. Eventually, oxidative phosphorilation is the characteristic metabolic pathway of normal eukaryote cells, and we postulate that anammox is the protein-catabolism pathway for cancer cells. The metabolism consumes nitrite and explains thus the link between nitrite and cancer.

关键词： Nitrite Tomor Symbiogenetic Evolution

Gasification of Cashew Nut Shell Using Gasifier Stovein Mozambique

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j.urnal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第7期2卷 11-18页

作者： Miguel M. Uamusse kenneth M. Persson Alberto j. Tsamba Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique Water Resource Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden Water Resource Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden

Mozambique relies on wood biomass for meeting its household energy demand. This has been for long referred to as one of the main causes of the ongoing deforestation, mainly around the large cities and village. On the other hand, the country produces large quantities of agricultural crops residue which are still not being appropriately and integrally used as additional source of energy, especially for communities in the countryside where these residues are generated. Cashew nut shells (CNS) are among those residues. This kind of feedstock is said to be of high energy content. However, its utilization as energy source within the country is still *** Mozambique, 90% of the households depend on biomass for cooking. Biomass has already emerged in the renewable energy area as one of the promising candidates for the future energy source. Historically, biomass has been a maj.r source of fuel from the existence of making rapid urbanization, but widespread use of fossil fuels in the industrialization has relegated it to a minor source of energy. The CNS Gasifier Stove developed has a thermal efficiency of 35.5% and an energy output of 2.19 kW. The corresponding values for LPG stove and Kerosene stove are 53.53% (0.69 kW) and 39.3% (0.6 kW), respectively. Though the use of CNS gasifier as a fuel is less efficient than the aforementioned one, with the rising oil prices and the search for alternatives to contemporary cooking fuels, it is still a viable alternative in this comparison.

关键词： iomass Cashew Nut Shells Gasification Mozambique