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Systemic RNAi in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, does not involve transitive pathways

Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 45-56页

作者： Huarong Li Andrew j. Bowling Premchand Gandra Murugesan Rangasamy Heather E. Pence Robert E. McEwan Chitvan Khaj.ria Blair D. Siegfried kenneth E. Narva Dow AgroSciences LLC 9330 Zionsville Rd. Indianapolis Indiana USA Department of Entomology University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield Missouri USA Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

Western corn rootworm （WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte） is highly sensitive to orally delivered double-stranded RNA （dsRNA）. RNAi in WCR is systemic and spreads throughout the insect body. This raises the question whether transitive RNAi is a mechanism that functions in WCR to amplify the RNAi response via production of secondary siRNA. Secondary siRNA production is achieved through RNA-dependent RNA polymerase （RdRP） activity in other eukaryotic organisms, but RdRP has not been identified in WCR and any other insects. This study visualized the spread of the RNAi- mediated knockdown of Dr v-ATPase C mRNA throughout the WCR gut and other tissues using high-sensitivity branched DNA in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we did not detect either secondary siRNA production or transitive RNAi in WCR through siRNA sequence profile analysis. Nucleotide mismatched sequences introduced into either the sense or antisense strand of v-ATPase C dsRNAs were maintained in siRNAs derived from WCR fed with the mismatched dsRNAs in a strand specific manner. The distribution of all siRNAs was restricted to within the original target sequence regions, which may indicate the lack of new dsRNA synthesis leading to production of secondary siRNA. Thus, the systemic spread of RNAi in WCR may be derived from the original dsRNA molecules taken up from the gut lumen. These results indicate that the initial dsRNA dose is important for a lethal systemic RNAi response in WCR and have implications in developing effective dsRNA traits to control WCR and in resistance management to prolong the durability of RNAi trait technology.

关键词： corn rootworm Diabrotica secondary siRNA production systemic RNAi transitive RNAi

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Disappearance and appearance of an indigestible marker in feces from growing pigs as affected by previous-and currentdiet composition

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 643-651页

作者： Brandy M.j.cobs j.hn F.Patience Merlin D.Lindemann kenneth j.Stalder Brian j.Kerr Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmes 50010USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of KentuckyLexington 40546KYUSA USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agricultural and the Environment Ames 50010IAUSA

Background： Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of a marker in feces can be affected by diet composition, feed intake, or an animal＇s *** obj.ctives of this study were to determine the impact of previous（Phase 1, P1） and current-（Phase 2, P2）diet composition on marker disappearance（Cr） and appearance（Ti） in pigs fed 3 diets differing in NDF ***： When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDF diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively,for Cr levels to decrease below the limit of quantitation; or 4.6, 3.7, or 2.8 d, respectively, for Ti to be maximized. These effects were not, however, independent of the previous diet as indicated by the interaction between P1 and P2 diets on fecal marker concentrations（P 〈 0.01）. When dietary NDF increased from P1 to P2, it took less time for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 2.5 d）, than if NDF decreased from P1 to P2 where it took longer for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 3.4 d）.Conclusions： Because of the wide range in excretion times reported in the literature and improved laboratory methods for elemental detection, the data suggests that caution must be taken in considering dietary fiber concentrations of the past and currently fed diets so that no previous dietary marker addition remains in the digestive tract or feces such that a smal amount of maker is present to confound subsequent experimental results, and that marker concentration have stabilized when these samples are col ected.

关键词： Adaptation Digestibility Fiber Indigestible marker Pig

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Therapy decisions for the symptomatic patient wil metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 936-938,I0008页

作者： Mark C Markowski kenneth j.Pienta j.hns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA.

Metastatic prostate cancer continues to kill approximately 30,000 men per year. Since 2010, five new therapeutic agents have been Food and Drug Administration （FDA） approved to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC）. With the increasingnumber of therapies available to clinicians, the most effective sequence in which to implement these treatments remains unknown. The presence or absence of symptoms （i.e., bony pain, visceral crisis） is a key parameter that informs the decision-making process regarding therapy. Treatment algorithms based on： 1） asymptomatic/minimal symptoms, 2） moderate symptoms or chemotherapy ineligible or 3） symptomatic disease need to be developed.

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Delayed Lumbar Artery Laceration and Symptomatic Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage Following IVC Filter Placement

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Open j.urnal of Radiology 2015年第4期5卷 212-216页

作者： j.nnifer P. Montgomery kenneth j. Kolbeck Dotter Interventional Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA

Inferior vena cava filters are placed in selected patients to protect against potentially fatal pulmonary embolism. Generally, filter placement is regarded as a safe procedure although rare complications may arise. Recurrent thromboembolic events are the most common complications assoiated with inferior vena cava filters;however, there are multiple reports of filter fracture, migration, embolization, penetration and perforation. The aim of this report is to illustrate a serious potential complication of inferior vena cava filters. We report a rare case of symptomatic retroperitoneal hemorrhage occurring 3 weeks after filter placement treated successfully with selective arterial embolization of a lumbar artery laceration. This case serves to highlight the importance of retrieving filters when they are no longer beneficial.

关键词： Inferior Vena Cava Filter Pulmonary Embolism Hemorrhage Arterial Embolization Lumbar Artery Laceration

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Daily high-dose aspirin does not lower APRI in the Aspirin-Myocardial Infarction Study

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The j.urnal of Biomedical Research 2020年第2期34卷 139-142页

作者： Shilpa Tiwari-Heckler ZGordon j.ang Yury Popov kenneth j.Mukamal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Division of General Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

Antiplatelet agents reduce liver fibrosis by inhibiting platelet activation and platelet-derived growth factor production. Previous cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggest that the use of aspirin is related to reduced liver fibrosis. The Aspirin-Myocardial Infarction Study(AMIS) aims to examine this relationship in a multicenter,randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. The existing clinical trial of aspirin was conducted to study the benefit of one gram aspirin daily among 4 524 individuals who had experienced at least one documented myocardial infarction. The aspartate aminotransferase(AST)-to-Platelet Ratio Index(APRI) was calculated at baseline and annually from the platelet count and AST levels. Participants in the AMIS trial had a mean baseline APRI of 0.34±0.36, and only 1% individuals had APRI scores higher than 1.0, a common cutoff for cirrhosis. The daily use of aspirin was associated with an increase, rather than a reduction of APRI, by 0.007 per year(95% CI0.002-0.015, P=0.12). The use of aspirin did not significantly affect platelet counts. In a sensitivity analysis of individuals with probable significant fibrosis at baseline(APRI≥0.7), the aspirin group had a sustained reduction in APRI over time, although this change was not significant compared to that in the placebo group. In the AMIS trial, the daily use of high-dose aspirin did not significantly affect APRI, a surrogate index of liver fibrosis. This study highlights the need for de novo clinical trials to investigate the potential benefit of antiplatelet agents on liver fibrosis.

关键词： liver fibrosis aspirin APRI antiplatelet AMIS

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胶东区域成矿断裂带蚀变年龄研究及其矿床学意义

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地学前缘 2017年第2期24卷 140-150页

作者：吕承训 Norbert H.MAERZ kenneth j.BOYKO 吕古贤邵鹤森密苏里科技大学地质科学与石油及地质工程学院美国密苏里州罗拉65401 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所北京100081 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院北京100083

胶东金矿是中生代构造岩浆活化区岩浆期后中温热液蚀变脉状矿床。前人曾认为该类金矿属于壳源深融花岗岩-热液石英脉-蚀变岩型金矿。近期研究表明,胶东金矿围岩蚀变年龄的测定,对于矿床成因的研究有重要意义。为解决胶东区域断裂热液蚀... 详细信息

胶东金矿是中生代构造岩浆活化区岩浆期后中温热液蚀变脉状矿床。前人曾认为该类金矿属于壳源深融花岗岩-热液石英脉-蚀变岩型金矿。近期研究表明,胶东金矿围岩蚀变年龄的测定,对于矿床成因的研究有重要意义。为解决胶东区域断裂热液蚀变年龄问题,对胶东半岛主要断裂矿化蚀变带开展如下相关研究:(1)选择胶东地区各蚀变岩带普遍发育的黄铁绢英岩化蚀变岩带和强钾长石化蚀变岩带作为取样目标,进行区域对比;(2)该两类岩石中的蚀变矿物受到脆性断裂影响较小,能够得到蚀变阶段的稳定化学成分;(3)该两类岩石中的蚀变矿物发育有与蚀变同期的韧性变形,能够揭示蚀变阶段的构造应力应变状态。对样品中的钾长石和斜长石颗粒进行K-Ar法同位素年龄测试,获得蚀变岩同位素年龄数据。测试结果显示,胶东区域构造热液蚀变作用时期为(148.3±4.3)^(52.03±0.70)Ma,即早白垩世燕山晚期;同位素年龄自西向东逐渐变小,证明胶东西部地区的热液蚀变作用早于东部地区。通过分析已有的构造、热液成分和成矿物理化学参数等资料,结合本研究的最新成果,总结出区域成矿时代与成矿规律:胶东区域断裂蚀变系统中的构造附加静水压力、流体温度压力条件和成矿元素的分布与变化控制了热液蚀变成矿规律。上述地质特征显示,胶东金矿床是复成构造热液作用下的一种新型矿床类型。

关键词：胶东金矿 K-Ar同位素年龄黄铁绢英质蚀变岩带钾长石化蚀变岩带复成构造热液作用

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社会选择及个人价值

社会选择及个人价值

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1974年

作者： kenneth j. Arrow 汤慎之译

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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The Transactivating Function 2 (AF-2) of Estrogen Receptor (ER) <i>α</i>Is Indispensable for ER<i>α</i>-Mediated Physiological Responses and AF-1 Activity

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Open j.urnal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2013年第4期3卷 12-19页

作者： Yukitomo Arao Katherine j. Hamilton kenneth S. Korach Receptor Biology Section Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA

Estrogen has various physiological functions and the estrogen receptor (ER) is a key regulator of those functions. ERα is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and that activity is mediated by the transactivating function-1 (AF-1) in the N-terminal domain and transactivating function-2 (AF-2) in the C-terminal ligand-binding domain. The functions of ERα AF-1 and AF-2 have been characterized by various in vitro experiments, however, there is still less information about the in vivo physiological functions of ERα AF-1 and AF-2. Recently, we established a genetically mutated ERα AF-2 knock-in mouse (AF2ERKI) that possessed L543A, L544A mutated-ERα. This AF-2 core mutation disrupted AF-2 function and resulted in ERα null phenotypes. This mouse model revealed that proper AF-2 core structure and function were indispensable for ERα-mediated physiological responses and AF-1 functionality. AF2ER mutation reverses the ERα antagonists to agonists and that activity is mediated by AF-1 solely. The pure antagonist, ICI182780/fulvestrant, activated several estrogen-mediated physiological responses in the AF2ERKI mouse. The AF2ERKI mouse model will be useful to discern estrogen physiological functions which involve AF-1.

关键词： Knock-In Mouse SERMs Antagonist Reversal

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Selected Adsorbents for Removal of Contaminants from Wastewater: Towards Engineering Clay Minerals

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Open j.urnal of Applied Sciences 2018年第8期8卷 355-369页

作者： Kalebaila K. Kennedy kenneth j. Maseka Misheck Mbulo School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia

The provision and demand for safe water continues to be a maj.r aspect for governments worldwide as the population continues to grow accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic activities that contaminate water bodies. The common contaminants are the negatively charged ions such as sulfates, positive ions like heavy metals and organic molecules like dyes and phenols. Although, various methods exist for purification of wastewater, the adsorption process is a low cost method that uses readily available adsorbents. Activated carbon, although costly for developing countries, is still the most efficient adsorbent for a variety of substances. However, low cost adsorbents derived from biowaste have being actively explored in water purification. Photocatalytic nanostructured adsorbents not only play a bifunctional role in adsorbing contaminants but also are able to decompose organic pollutants in water using sunlight. The engineering of naturally abundant clay in most developing countries offers an even inexpensive way to clean-up wastewater.

关键词： Adsorption Wastewater Heavy Metals Organic Pollutants Activated Carbon Clay Nanoadsorbent Photocatalysis

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Water Resources, Infrastructure Restoration, and Protection of the Upper Mississippi River Basin

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Open j.urnal of Soil Science 2021年第1期11卷 13-38页

作者： kenneth R. Olson Samuel j. Indorante Gerald A. Miller Professor Emeritus of Soil Science in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Soil Science at Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA Professor Emeritus of Soil Science in the Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA

The Upper Mississippi River flows approximately 2000 km from Lake Itasca, Minnesota to Cairo, Illinois where it is confluences with the Ohio River to form the Lower Mississippi River. North of the confluence, numerous snags, sand bars, rapids, and other obstructions made the Upper Mississippi River travel difficult. This paper highlights how the geological and landscape resources of the Upper Mississippi River and tributary watershed were responsible for the successful economic development of this historically rich region of North America. Environmental challenges include an attempt to keep invasive species such as the Asian carp out of the rivers and lakes north of the Twin Cities. In an attempt to protect the Mississippi River resource, Environmental and Conservation groups have opposed continued navigation through Minneapolis and St. Paul and the planned Upper Mississippi River navigation infrastructure restoration by the United States Corps of Engineers including the upper and lower St. Anthony locks and dams. These Environmental, Conservation and Save the River groups are attempting to mitigate the historic highest and best use of the Mississippi River and adj.cent watershed, navigation, and economic development, by having the urban river restored to the natural state.

关键词： Falls of St. Anthony Locks Dams Minneapolis St. Paul Navigation Water Pollution

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