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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1086-1094页

作者： Isabel Barth Donato Conteduca Christopher reardon Steven Johnson Thomas f.Krauss Department of Physics University of YorkYO105DD YorkUK Department of Electronic Engineering University of YorkYO105DD YorkUK

Research toward photonic biosensors for point-of-care applications and personalized medicine is driven by the need for high-sensitivity,low-cost,and reliable *** the most sensitive modalities,interferometry offers particularly high performance,but typically lacks the required operational simplicity and ***,we introduce a common-path interferometric sensor based on guided-mode resonances to combine high performance with inherent *** sensor exploits the simultaneous excitation of two orthogonally polarized modes,and detects the relative phase change caused by biomolecular binding on the sensor *** wide dynamic range of the sensor,which is essential for fabrication and angle tolerance,as well as versatility,is controlled by integrating multiple,tuned structures in the field of *** approach circumvents the trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range,typical of other phase-sensitive modalities,without increasing *** sensor enables the challenging label-free detection of procalcitonin,a small protein(13 kDa)and biomarker for infection,at the clinically relevant concentration of 1 pg mL^(−1),with a signal-to-noise ratio of *** result indicates the utility for an exemplary application in antibiotic guidance,and opens possibilities for detecting further clinically or environmentally relevant small molecules with an intrinsically simple and robust sensing modality.

关键词： dielectric integrating simplicity

fish embryo and juvenile size under hypoxia in the mouth- brooding African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 401-412页

作者： E.E. reardon L.J. CHAPMAN Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal Quebec H3A 1B 1 Canada Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

We used a field survey and a laboratory rearing experiment to （a） examine response （size and survival） to life-long hypoxia in offspring of the African maternal mouth-brooding cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae （Seegers） and （b） explore the degree to which developmental response can be environmentaUy-induced. Embryo size metrics were quantified in 9 field populations across a range of dissolved oxygen （DO） concentrations. In the laboratory, first generation （f1） broods of low-DO origin were reared under high or low DO. Brooding period was quantified for the mothers; and egg size, egg metabolic rate and juvenile size-at-release were quantified in their （f2） offspring. The f2 offspring were split and grown for 3 months post-release under high or low DO, and juvenile size and survival were quantified. In the field survey, across stages, embryos from low-DO field populations were shorter and weighed less than embryos from high-DO populations. In the laboratory experi- ment, f2 eggs and juveniles-at-release from mother＇s mouth did not differ in mass, length, survival regardless of development DO environment. However, juveniles diverged in size after leaving mother＇s mouth, exhibiting smaller size when grown under low DO. Size differences in embryo size across field populations and divergence in embryo size after release from the mother＇s mouth support predictions for smaller body size under hypoxia. There was no evidence for negative effects on survival of juveniles after 3 months. Brooding period was 16% shorter in females reared under low DO suggesting that hypoxia may accelerate embryo de- velopment. This work provides insights into how bearer fishes respond to hypoxic stress relative to fishes with no post-spawning parental care; a shorter brooding interval and smaller body size may provide an optimal solution to parent and embryo survival under hypoxia in brooding fishes [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 401-412, 2012].

关键词： African cichlid Lake Victoria Life-history Parental care Dissolved oxygen

Physical contact, volatiles, and acoustic signals contribute to monogamy in an invasive aggregating bark beetle

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1285-1297页

作者： Zhu-Dong Liu Guo-Bing Mi kenneth f.Raffa Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Erdaochuan forest Station of Guandi Mountain forest Bureau WenshuiShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Entomology University of WisconsinMadisonWlUSA University Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The behavioral strategies and mechanisms by which some insects maintain monogamous mating systems are not well *** investigated the mating system of the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens,and identified several contributing *** and laboratory observations suggest the adults commonly form permanent bonds during host ***,it showed mated females that remained paired with males produced more offspring than mated females that were alone in *** bioassays,a second female commonly entered a gallery constructed by a prior *** show she commonly reached the location of the first female,but they did not engage in actual ***,the second female typically departs to form her own *** signaling likewise does not appear to influence female-female encounters,based on controlled muting *** the intruder appears to perceive the residents presence by physical *** acoustic signals and volatiles released by females during gallery constructing were shown to attract *** a male joined a female in a gallery,the male-produced aggressive sounds,which were shown by playback to deter other males from entering the *** female-female interactions,resident males use their head and rear to push intruders out of ***,volatiles released by males during feeding repelled intruding males,discouraging them from entering the *** also construct plugs that block the entrance,which may prevent subsequent males and predators from entering the ***,*** has evolved multifaceted mechanisms contributing to single pairings that confer benefits to both sexes.

关键词： acoustic signals behavioral assay Dendroctonus valens mating system pheromones rivalry

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Behaving

Behaving

作者： Schaffner kenneth f.

来源：南通市图书馆图书评论

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超市的迅速发展对中国奶业的影响

中国农村经济 2004年第7期 11-17,22页

作者：胡定寰 f.fuller T.reardon 中国农业科学院农业经济研究所 CARD of Iowa State University Department of Agricultural Economics Michigan State University

超市正在迅速地改变着中国传统的奶业。超市在逐渐取代各种传统奶制品流通形式的同时 ,促进了全国统一奶制品市场的形成。随着超市 (包括大卖场和连锁便利商店 )的销售网络由大城市朝着中小城市及农村地区伸延 ,超市正在逐渐取代传统的... 详细信息

超市正在迅速地改变着中国传统的奶业。超市在逐渐取代各种传统奶制品流通形式的同时 ,促进了全国统一奶制品市场的形成。随着超市 (包括大卖场和连锁便利商店 )的销售网络由大城市朝着中小城市及农村地区伸延 ,超市正在逐渐取代传统的零售商业 ,特别是小商店和个体商贩 ,改变着我国传统的包括奶业在内的农畜产品流通模式 ,以及它们的生产和消费结构。

关键词：连锁超市中国奶业农畜产品奶制品零售市场流通渠道销售网络

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Laser synthesized nanoparticle alloys of metals with bulk miscibility gaps

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第4期28卷 456-463页

作者： kenneth A.Kane Arthur C.Reber Shiv N.Khanna Massimo f.Bertino Department of Physics Virginia Commonwealth University

The nanoscale alloying of metals with bulk miscibility gaps, Ag-Pt and Ag-Rh, has been investigated using pulsed laser ablation of solids in solution(PLASiS). The procedure was in two steps. In the first step, the suspensions of monometallic nanoparticles were prepared by ablation of a metal rod submerged in water. In the second step,the monometallic suspensions were mixed and alloying was induced by re-irradiation. for the Ag-Pt system, a surface plasmon resonance was observed in the monometallic silver suspension. The surface plasmon resonance vanished in re-irradiated Ag-Pt suspensions, indicating alloying. Selected Area Electron Diffraction(SAED)analysis showed that the nanoparticles had a fcc structure with a lattice constant intermediate between that of monometallic Ag and Pt nanoparticles. first principles theoretical investigations of the mixing energy of Ag-Pt clusters confirm that mixing is favored at around ～1 nm. The same procedure used for Ag-Pt was followed for Ag-Rh. In this system where the two metals present miscibility gaps even in the liquid phase, no evidence of alloying was observed. Correspondingly, theoretical investigations found that the mixing energy of Ag-Rh clusters did not favor alloying.

关键词： Nano alloys Laser ablation Silver-platinum nanoparticles Silver-rhodium nanoparticles

Differential Expression of Mature MicroRNAs Involved in Muscle Maintenance of Hibernating Little Brown Bats, Myotis lucifugus: A Model of Muscle Atrophy Resistance

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 295-301页

作者： Samantha f.Kornfeld Kyle K.Biggar kenneth B.Storey Institute of Biochemistry&Department of Biology Carleton University

Muscle wasting is common in mammals during extended periods of immobility. However, many small hibernating mammals manage to avoid muscle atrophy despite remaining stationary for long periods during hibernation. Recent research has highlighted roles for short non-coding microRNAs （miRNAs） in the regulation of stress tolerance. We proposed that they could also play an important role in muscle maintenance during hibernation. To explore this possibility, a group of 10 miRNAs known to be normally expressed in skeletal muscle of non-hibernating mammals were analyzed by RT-PCR in hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. We then compared the expression of these miRNAs in euthermic control bats and bats in torpor. Our results showed that compared to euthermic controls, sig- nificant, albeit modest （1.2-1.6 fold）, increases in transcript expression were observed for eight mature miRNAs, including miR-la-1, miR-29b, miR-181b, miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-206 and miR-128-1, in the pectoral muscle of torpid bats. Conversely, expression of miR-21 decreased by 80% during torpor, while expression of miR-107 remained unaffected. Interestingly, these miRNAs have been either validated or predicted to affect multiple muscle-specific factors, including myostatin, foxO3a, HDAC4 and SMADT, and are likely involved in the preservation of pectoral muscle mass and functionality during bat hibernation.

关键词： MlicroRNA Hibernation Metabolic rate depression Atrophy Dicer Myostatin

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Indications and contraindications for shock wave lithotripsy and how to improve outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2018年第4期5卷 256-263页

作者： Luke f.Reynolds Tad Kroczak kenneth T.Pace Division of Urology St.Michael’s HospitalTorontoCanada

for over 35 years shock wave lithotripsy has proven to be an effective,safe and truly minimally invasive option for the treatment of *** technical factors as well as patient selection can impact the success of the *** used published work focusing on outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy,risk of complications,and strategies for improving stone fragmentation to create this *** patient and technical factors have been found to impact success of *** to stone distance,stone density and composition,size and location of the stone within the urinary system all influence stone free rates.A slower rate with a gradual increasing voltage,precise targeting,proper coupling will improve stone fragmentation and decrease risk of *** selection of appropriate patients through a shared decision making process and attention to the technical factors that improve stone free rates is key to providing an effective treatment and patient satisfaction.

关键词： Kidney calculi Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Extracorporeal shock wave therapy Lithotripsy

MicroRNA Regulation in Extreme Environments: Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in the Intertidal Snail Littorina littorea During Extended Periods of freezing and Anoxia

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 302-309页

作者： Kyle K.Biggar Samantha f.Kornfeld Yulia Maistrovski kenneth B.Storey Institute of Biochemistry&Department of Biology Carleton University

Several recent studies of vertebrate adaptation to environmental stress have suggested roles for microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating glo- bal suppression of protein synthesis and/or restructuring protein expression patterns. The present study is the first to characterize stress- responsive alterations in the expression of miRNAs during natural freezing or anoxia exposures in an invertebrate species, the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea. These snails are exposed to anoxia and freezing conditions as their environment constantly fluctuates on both a tidal and seasonal basis. The expression of selected miRNAs that are known to influence the cell cycle, cellular signaling pathways, carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis was evaluated using RT-PCR. Compared to controls, significant changes in expression were observed for miR-la-1, miR-34a and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and for miR-la-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-125b, miR-29b and miR-2a in foot muscle after freezing exposure at -6 ~C for 24 h （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, in response to anoxia stress for 24 h, significant changes in expression were also observed for miR-la-1, miR-210 and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and for miR-1 a-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-29b and miR-2a in foot muscle （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, protein expression of Dicer, an enzyme responsible for mature microRNA processing, was increased in foot muscle during freezing and anoxia and in hepatopancreas during freezing. Alterations in expression of these miRNAs in L. littorea tissues may contribute to organismal survival under freezing and anoxia.

关键词： freeze tolerance Anaerobiosis Metabolic rate depression Periwinkle Marine mollusk

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