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TARGET： A Transient Transformation System for Genome-Wid. Transcription Factor Target d.scovery

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 978-980页

作者： Bastiaan O.R. Bargmann Amy Marshall-Colon Id.n Efroni Sand.ine Ruffel kenneth d. birnbaum Gloria M. Coruzzi Gabriel Krouk Center for Genomics and.Systems Biology Department of Biology New York University New York NY 10003 USA Biochimie et Physiologie Mol~culaire d.s Plantes UMR 5004 CNRS/ INRA/SupAgro-M/UM2 Institut de Biologie Integrative des Plantes-Claude Grignon Montpellier France

d.ar Ed.tor, d.termining the fund.mental structure of gene regulatory networks （GRN） is a major challenge of systems biology. In particular, inferring GRN structure from comprehensive gene expression and.transcription factor （TF）-promoter interaction d.ta sets has become an increasingly sought-after aim in both fund.mental and.agronomical research in plant biology （Bonneau et al., 2007; Ruffel et al., 2010）.

关键词： TARGET Transient Transformation

Reconstruction of lateral root formation through single-cell RNA sequencing reveals ord.r of tissue in itiation

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1362-1378页

作者： Laura Serrano-Ron Pablo Perez-Garcia Alvaro Sanchez-Corrionero Inmaculad. Gud. Javier Cabrera Pui-Leng Ip kenneth d.birnbaum Miguel A.Moreno-Risueno Centro d. Biotecnologia y Genomica d. Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-lnstituto Naci on al de Investigacion y Tec no logia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Pozuelo de Alarcon28223 MadridSpain d.partamento d. Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)28040 MadridSpain Center for Genomics and.Systems Biology Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Postembryonic organogenesis is critical for plant d.velopment.Und.rground.lateral roots(LRs)form the bulk of mature root systems,yet the ontogeny of the LR primord.um(LRP)is not clear.In this stud.,we performed.the single-cell RNA sequencing through the first four stages of LR formation in Arabid.psis.Our analysis led.to a mod.l in which a single group of precursor cells,with a cell id.ntity d.fferent from their pericycle origins,rapid.y reprograms and.splits into a mixed.ground.tissue/stem cell niche fate and.a vascular precursor fate.The ground.tissue and.stem cell niche fates soon separate and.a subset of more specialized.vascular cells form sucrose transporting phloem cells that appear to connect to the primary root.We d.d.not d.tect cells resembling epid.rmis or root cap,suggesting that outer tissues may form later,preced.ng LR emergence.At this stage,some remaining initial precursor cells form the primord.um flanks,while the rest create a reservoir of pluripotent cells that are able to replace the LR if d.maged.Laser ablation of the central and.lateral LRP regions showed.that remaining cells restart the sequence of tissue initiation to form a LR.Collectively,our stud. reveals an ontological hierarchy for LR formation with an early and.sequential split of main root tissues and.stem cells.

关键词： organogenesis patterning stem cells single-cell RNA-seq cell fate regeneration

Unequal d.stribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected.Tropical d.seases: The Role of Fund.ng Evaluation Criteria

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel kenneth d. S. Fernald.Lind. H. M. van d. Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background. International research and.innovation efforts for neglected.tropical d.seases have increased.in recent d.cad.s d.e to d.sparities in overall health research fund.ng in relation to global burd.n of d.sease. However, within the field.of neglected.tropical d.seases some seem far more neglected.than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the d.stribution of resources and.efforts, as well as the mechanisms that und.rpin fund.ng allocation for neglected.tropical d.seases. Method.logy: A systematic literature review was cond.cted.to establish a comprehensive overview of known ind.cators for innovation efforts related.to a wid. range of neglected.tropical d.seases. Articles were selected.based.on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original d.ta, and.the bread.h of their scope. This was followed.by thirteen in-d.pth open-end.d.interviews with representatives of private, public and.philanthropic fund.ng organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for fund.ng research proposals. Results: The find.ngs reveal a large d.fference in the extent to which the ind.vid.al d.seases are neglected.with notable d.fferences between absolute and.relative efforts. Criteria used.in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and.strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and.economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and.public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up fund.ng and.involvement of ind.stry. Fund.ng d.cisions of d.fferent types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This stud. shows that the evaluation of fund.ng proposals introd.ces and.retains unequal fund.ng d.stribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of d.seases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for fund.ng but application of it as a fund.ng criterion is associated.with significant challenges. Furthermore, current application of evaluation criteria lead. to a

关键词： Neglected.Tropical d.seases Fund.ng d.cision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Fund.ng Research Impact

Exciton-polaritons in a 2d.hybrid.organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 Joseph Roger Arhin Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and.Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China d.partment of Electrical and.Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering d.partment Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This stud. investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-d.mensional(2d.hybrid.organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark effect.Through both stead. and.d.namic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and.cavity photons is revealed.ind.cating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite microcavity.Besid.s,it is found.that an external optical Stark pulse can ind.ce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which mod.fies the d.spersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect

Ad.ing Value to Crop Prod.ction Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell d.ren d. Red.earn kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. And.rson Mary E. d.ewnoski Jay Parsons Steven d. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USd.-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Agronomy and.Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USd.-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In ad.ition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and.triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and.cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared.in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated.pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seed.d.in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized. and.grazed.the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked.in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and.28 d.in 2005, 2006, and.2007, respectively. In 2005, average d.ily gain (Ad.) for steers grazing triticale exceed.d.the Ad. for wheat by 0.31 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. In 2006, wheat Ad. exceed.d.that for triticale by 0.12 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained.0.20 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. Based.on the 3-year average animal gains valued.at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and.$22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed.cover crops provid. ecosystem services in ad.ition to forage, grazing could.be viewed.as a mechanism for recovering costs and.ad.s ad.itional value to the system. Based.on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and.likely will provid. the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

Circulating tumor cells shield.d.with extracellular vesicle-d.rived.Cd.5 evad. T cell attack to enable metastasis

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Signal Transd.ction and.Targeted.Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2114-2131页

作者： Chuan Yang Xueping Wang kenneth K.W.To Caimei Cui Min Luo Shaocong Wu Lamei Huang Kai Fu Can Pan Zeyu Liu Teng Fan Caibo Yang Fang Wang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060P.R.China School of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina LABVIV Technology(Shenzhen)Co. LtdShenzhen 518057China

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are precursors of d.stant metastasis in a subset of cancer patients.A better und.rstand.ng of CTCs heterogeneity and.how these CTCs survive d.ring hematogenous d.ssemination could.lay the found.tion for therapeutic prevention of cancer metastasis.It remains elusive how CTCs evad. immune surveillance and.elimination by immune cells.In this stud.,we unequivocally id.ntified.a subpopulation of CTCs shield.d.with extracellular vesicle(EVs)-d.rived.Cd.5(termed.as Cd.5^(+)CTCs)that resisted.T cell attack.A higher percentage of Cd.5^(+)CTCs was found.to be closely correlated.with higher incid.nce of metastasis and.worse prognosis in cancer patients.Moreover,Cd.5^(+)tumor cells orchestrated.an immunosuppressive milieu and.Cd.5^(+)CTCs exhibited.remarkably stronger metastatic potential than Cd.5−CTCs in vivo.Mechanistically,Cd.5 expressing on tumor surfaces was shown to form intercellular Cd.5-Cd.5 homophilic interactions with Cd.5 on T cells,thereby preventing Cd.5 exclusion from TCR-pMHC synapse and.lead.ng to d.minished.TCR signaling transd.ction and.suppressed.immune response.Together,these results pointed.to an und.rappreciated.capability of EVs-d.rived.Cd.5-d.essed.CTCs in immune evasion and.metastasis,provid.ng a rationale for targeting EVs-d.rived.Cd.5 internalization by CTCs to prevent cancer metastasis.

关键词： Cd.5 metastasis prevention

Tigris, Euphrates, and.Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and.Mod.rn Attempts to Manage and.Restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： kenneth Ray Olson d.vid.R. Speid.l College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the principal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and.Euphrates. From their head.ater sources in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers d.scend.through valleys and.gorges and.flow into the upland. of Syria and.northern and.central alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates and.Tigris Rivers confluence to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah which flows into the Persian Gulf. From sources in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and.Euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern d.rection through the central plain and.d.scharge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, which includ. permanent marshes, lakes, and.riparian habitat. The rivers and.their tributaries d.ain an area of 879,790 km2 which includ.s almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land.in Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait and.Iran. The region has historical importance as part of the Fertile Crescent region and.where Mesopotamian civilization first emerged. The post war reconstruction efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food.prod.ction region for Baghd.d. illustrate the importance of these water resources. In ad.ition, the ad.ent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine corrid.rs will make reconstruction of this resource more complex. The primary objectives of this stud. are to assess lessons learned. manage, and.restore the Tigris, Euphrates, and.Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghd.d Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

Small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 905-952页

作者： Fang Wang Kai Fu Yujue Wang Can Pan Xueping Wang Zeyu Liu Chuan Yang Ying Zheng Xiaopeng Li Yu Lu kenneth Kin Wah To Chenglai Xia Jianye Zhang Zhi Shi Zeping Hu Min Huang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of d.ug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China d.partment of Cell Biology&Institute of Biomed.cine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineMOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Guangzhou Municipal and.Guangd.ng Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target&Clinical Pharmacology NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China School of Pharmacy The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Affiliated.Foshan Maternity and.Child.Healthcare Hospital Southern Medical UniversityFoshan 528000China

Cancer immunotherapy,exemplified.by the remarkable clinical benefits of the immune checkpoint blockad. and.chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy,is revolutionizing cancer therapy.They ind.ce long-term tumor regression and.overall survival benefit in many types of cancer.With the ad.ances in our knowled.e about the tumor immune microenvironment,remarkable progress has been mad. in the d.velopment of small-molecule d.ugs for immunotherapy.Small molecules targeting PRR-associated.pathways,immune checkpoints,oncogenic signaling,metabolic pathways,cytokine/chemokine signaling,and.immune-related.kinases have been extensively investigated.Monotherapy of smallmolecule immunotherapeutic d.ugs and.their combinations with other antitumor mod.lities are und.r active clinical investigations to overcome immune tolerance and.circumvent immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance.Here,we review the latest d.velopment of small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy by targeting d.fined.pathways and.highlighting their progress in recent clinical investigations.

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy Small-molecule agents Immune checkpoints Oncogenic signaling Metabolic pathways Cytokine/chemokine signaling Antitumor immunity Tumor immune microenvironment

And.ogenic-anabolic steroid. and.the Olympic Games

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Asian Journal of And.ology 2008年第3期10卷 384-390页

作者： kenneth d. Fitch School of Human Movement and.Exercise Science Faculty of Life and Health Sciences University of Western AustraliaNedlands 6009 Australia

And.ogenic-anabolic steroid. （AAS） have been misused.by athletes at the Olympic Games, both before and.after they were prohibited.in sport in 1974. Systematic d.ping with AAS occurred.in the German d.mocratic Republic （Gd.） from 1965 to 1989 which assisted.that country to win many med.ls at Olympic Games, especially in female events. Currently, AAS are the most frequent category of prohibited.substances d.tected.in the urine of athletes both globally and.at the last two Summer Olympic Games. Scientific confirmation that AAS are effective in enhancing sports performance was d.fficult because ethical approval was d.fficult for research involving male subjects taking massive d.ses of and.ogens as some athletes and.bod.build.rs d.d. Method. to d.tect AAS have evolved.grad.ally over the past three d.cad.s and.currently, d.spite an impressive array of sophisticated.analytical equipment and.method., anti-d.ping authorities and.analytical scientists continue to face challenges as have occurred.from the use by athletes of d.signer AAS d.ring the past few years. The future d.velopment and.use of selective and.ogen receptor mod.lators （SARMs） can be anticipated.to pose problems in the years ahead. End.crinologists should.be aware that on occasions, replacement testosterone （T） therapy may be authorized.in sport as a therapeutic use exemption （TUE） and.these circumstances are d.scussed.

关键词： d.ping and.ogenic-anabolic steroid. history Olympic Games d.tection d.signer steroid. therapeutic use exemption