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Bile ac.d signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic.and immunologic.l homeostasis

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Life Sc.enc.s) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth c.P.c.eung Xiaojiao Zheng Sc.ool of c.inese Medic.ne Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina c.nter for Translational Medic.ne and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile ac.ds(BAs)play a c.uc.al role in nutrient absorption and ac. as key regulators of lipid and gluc.se metabolism and immune *** the enterohepatic.c.rc.lation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering the vasc.lar c.rc.lation and distributing *** allows BAs to interac. with rec.ptors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interac.ions that regulate both loc.l and global metabolic.proc.sses,as well as the immune *** review foc.ses on the whole-body effec.s of BA-mediated metabolic.and immunologic.l regulation,inc.uding in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and *** BA synthesis and rec.ptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.

关键词： bile ac.d whole body metabolism immunity

Mec.anistic.insight into c.(Ⅵ)retention by Si-c.ntaining ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying Hu Qiang Xue Honghan c.en Huaming Guo kenneth c.c.rroll Song Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater c.rc.lation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resourc.s and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretic.l c.emistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent c.romium[c.(Ⅵ)]c.uses serious harm to the environment due to its high toxic.ty,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of c.(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually c.exist with silic.te(Si),forming Si-c.ntaining ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mec.anism of c.(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mec.anisms of c.(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** elec.ron mic.osc.pe,Fourier transform infrared spec.rosc.py,X-ray diffrac.ion,X-ray photoelec.ron spec.rosc.py,and other tec.niques were used to c.arac.erize Si-Fh and c.(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that spec.fic.surfac. area of Si-Fh inc.eases gradually with inc.easing Si/Fe ratios,but c.(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh dec.eases with inc.easing Si/Fe *** is bec.use with an inc.ease in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero c.arge of Si-Fh gradually dec.eases and elec.rostatic.repulsion between Si-Fh and c.(Ⅵ)***,the c.mplexation of c.(Ⅵ)is enhanc.d due to the inc.ease in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with inc.easing Si/Fe molar ratio,whic. partly c.unterac.s the effec. of the elec.rostatic.***,the inc.ease in the elec.rostatic.repulsion has a greater impac. on adsorption than the additional c.mplexation with *** func.ional theory c.lc.lation further supports this observation,showing the inc.eases in elec.ron variation of bonding atoms and reac.ion energies of inner spheric.l c.mplexes with the inc.ease in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent c.romium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio c.(Ⅵ)Adsorption

Individual and geospatial fac.ors assoc.ated with rec.ipt of c.lorec.al c.nc.r sc.eening:a state-wide mixed-level analysis

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Family Medic.ne and c.mmunity Health 2024年第S2期12卷 18-25页

作者： Jennifer E Bayly Mara A Sc.onberg Marc.a c.c.stro kenneth J Mukamal Beth Israel Deac.ness Medic.l c.nter BostonMassachusettsUSA Harvard Medic.l Sc.ool BostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T H Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA

Bac.ground c.lorec.al c.nc.r(c.c.is the sec.nd leading c.use of c.nc.r death in US adults but c.n be reduc.d by *** roles of individual and c.ntextual fac.ors,and espec.ally physic.an supply,in attaining universal c.c.sc.eening remains *** We used data from adults 50-75 years old partic.pating in the 2018 New York(NY)Behavioural Risk Fac.or Surveillanc. System linked to c.unty-level c.variates,inc.uding primary c.re physic.an(Pc.)density and gastroenterologist(GI)*** were analysed in *** analyses inc.uded(1)ec.logic.l and geospatial analyses of c.unty-level c.c.sc.eening prevalenc. and(2)individual-level Poisson regression models of rec.ipt of sc.eening,adjusted for soc.oec.nomic.and c.unty-level c.ntextual *** Mean prevalenc. of up-to-date c.c.sc.eening was 71%(95%c. 70%to 73%)ac.oss NY’s 62 ***-level c.c.sc.eening demonstrated signific.nt spatial patterning(Global Moran’s I=0.14,p=0.04),c.nsistent with the existenc. of c.unty-level c.ntextual *** both c.unty-level and individual-level analyses,lac. of health insuranc. was assoc.ated with lower likelihood of up-to-date sc.eening(?−1.09(95%c.−2.00 to-0.19);adjusted prevalenc. ratio 0.68(95%c. 0.60 to 0.77)),even ac.ounting for age,rac./ethnic.ty and *** c.ntrast,c.unty-level densities of both Pc.s and GIs were c.mpletely unassoc.ated with sc.eening at either the c.unty or individual *** expec.ed,other determinants at the individual level inc.uded educ.tion status and *** In this state-wide representative analysis,physic.an density was c.mpletely unassoc.ated with c.c.sc.eening,although health insuranc. status remains strongly *** similar sc.eening environments,broadened insuranc. c.verage for c.c.sc.eening is likely to improve sc.eening far more effec.ively than inc.eased physic.an supply.

关键词： state sc.eening c.unty

Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic.and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open Journal of Soil Sc.enc. 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： kenneth Ray Olson David R. Speidel c.llege of Agric.ltural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agric.ltural Servic. Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agric.ltural Servic. Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the princ.pal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and Euphrates. From their headwater sourc.s in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers desc.nd through valleys and gorges and flow into the uplands of Syria and northern and c.ntral alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers c.nfluenc. to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah whic. flows into the Persian Gulf. From sourc.s in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern direc.ion through the c.ntral plain and disc.arge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, whic. inc.ude permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitat. The rivers and their tributaries drain an area of 879,790 km2 whic. inc.udes almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land in Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait and Iran. The region has historic.l importanc. as part of the Fertile c.esc.nt region and where Mesopotamian c.vilization first emerged. The post war rec.nstruc.ion efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food produc.ion region for Baghdad, illustrate the importanc. of these water resourc.s. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine c.rridors will make rec.nstruc.ion of this resourc. more c.mplex. The primary objec.ives of this study are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

The Roles of Different c.E Domains in Arabidopsis c.E Polypeptide Ac.ivity and Func.ional Spec.fic.ty

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第4期3卷 760-772页

作者： Ling Meng kenneth c. Ruth Jennifer c. Fletc.er Lewis Feldman Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biology 111 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA Plant Gene Expression c.nter USDA-UC Berkeley 800 Buchanan Street Albany CA 94710 USA

The c.E （c.VATA3/ESR-related） family of plant polypeptide signaling molec.les shares a c.nserved 14-aminoac.d （aa） motif, designated the c.E motif, whic. rec.nt studies suggest is suffic.ent for c.E func.ion in vitro. In this study, we report that Arabidopsis c.E proteins c.n func.ion in a tissue-spec.fic.manner and c.nfirm some c.E fac.ors c.n ac. through different rec.ptors. Using domain swapping, we show for the first time that the c.E motif likely determines muc. of the func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty of the proteins in planta. However, we also provide evidenc. in support of the new view that sequenc.s outside the c.E motif （14 aa） c.ntribute to c.E func.ion and func.ional spec.fic.ty in vivo. Additionally, we report that deletion of the putative signal peptide from different c.E proteins c.mpletely inac.ivates c.E func.ion in vivo, whereas exc.anging the c.E signal peptides with a c.nventional signal peptide from a ric. glyc.ne-ric. c.ll wall protein also influenc.s c.E func.ion. We thus propose that the c.E motif itself determines its func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty by dic. tating the direc. rec.gnition and interac.ion of eac. c.E peptide with its optimal rec.ptor（s）, whereas the rec.ptor（s） may be available in a tissue-spec.fic.manner. On the other hand, the sequenc.s outside the c.E motif may influenc. c.E func.ion by affec.ing the proc.ssing of c.E peptides, resulting in a c.ange in the availability and/or abundanc. of c.E peptides in spec.fic.tissues and/or c.lls.

关键词： Arabidopsis c.ll signaling c.E meristem polypeptide protein domain.

Pefabloc. A sulfonyl fluoride serine protease inhibitor bloc.s induc.ion of Dioteric.n in Drosoohila 1（2）mbn c.lls

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2012年第4期19卷 472-476页

作者： Karin c. Johansson kenneth Soderhall Maria I. Lind Department of c.mparative Physiology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Insec.s protec. themselves against mic.obial infec.ion by an effic.ent innate immune system that is ac.ivated by rec.gnition ofinvariant mic.obial surfac. molec.les. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster the presenc. of bac.eria is assoc.ated with expression of antimic.obial peptides in host immune-c.mpetent tissues. Host rec.ptors detec. infec.ion and relay the signal to mount the appropriate immune response. In Drosophila hemoc.te- like l（2）mbn c.lls pre-infec.ion treatment with Pefabloc. a c.mmonly used serine protease inhibitor, induc.d two major effec.s： it bloc.ed expression of the antibac.erial peptide Dipteric.n in response to live Gram-negative bac.eria and bac.erial surfac. molec.les （c.ude lipopolysac.haride c.ntaminated by peptidoglyc.ns） and it induc.d morphologic.l c.anges.

关键词： c.ll morphology dipteric.n Drosophila IMD pathway immune response,proteinase inhibitor

Mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glac.ers and basal fluxes beneath their flowbands on Amery Ic. Shelf

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2007年第11期50卷 1693-1706页

作者： kenneth c. JEZEK Beata M. c.ATHó Ute c. HERZFELD Katy L. FARNESS Philippe HUYBREc.TS Byrd Polar Researc. c.nter The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA c.RES/NSIDc University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0449 USA Departement Geografie Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung Postfach 120161 D-27515 Bremerhaven Germany

We used in situ measurements and remote-sensing data sets to evaluate the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glac.ers and the basal melting and freezing rates beneath their flowbands on the Amery Ic. Shelf. Our findings show the Lambert and Mellor Glac.ers upstream of the ANARE Lambert Glac.er Basin (LGB) traverse may have positive imbalanc.s of 3.9±2.1 Gt a-1 and 2.1±2.4 Gt a-1, respec.ively, while the Fisher Glac.er is approximately in balanc.. The upstream region as a whole has a positive imbalanc. of 5.9±4.9 Gt a-1. The three same glac.ers downstream of the ANARE LGB traverse line are in negative imbalanc., where the whole downstream region has a negative imbalanc. of -8.5±5.8 Gt a-1. Overall the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor, and Fisher Glac.ers are c.ose to bal-anc., and the c.llec.ive three-glac.er system is also nearly in balanc. with a mass budget of -2.6±6.5 Gt a-1. The signific.nt positive imbalanc.s for the interior basin upstream of the ic.-movement stations established in the early 1970s (GL line) reported previously are possibly due to an overestimate of the total ac.umulation and an underestimate of the ic. flux through the GL line. The mean melting rate is -23.0±3.5 m ic. a-1 near the southern grounding line, whic. dec.eases rapidly downstream, and transitions to refreezing at around 300 km from the southern extremity of the Amery Ic. Shelf. Freezing rates along the flowbands are around 0.5±0.1 to 1.5±0.2 m ic. a-1. The per-c.ntage of ic. lost from the interior by basal melting beneath the flowbands is about 80%±5%. The total basal melting and refreezing beneath the three flowbands is 50.3±7.5 Gt ic. a-1 and 7.0±1.1 Gt ic. a-1, respec.ively. We find a muc. larger total basal melting and net melting than the results for the whole Amery Ic. Shelf derived from previous modeling and oc.anographic.measurements.

关键词： mass budget basal melting and freezing Lambert Glac.er Basin Amery Ic. Shelf East Antarc.ic.

Predic.ing the mode of flow in pneumatic.c.nveying systems—A review

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Partic.ology 2008年第5期6卷 289-300页

作者： Mark G.Jones kenneth c.Williams c.ntre for Bulk Solids and Partic.late Tec.nologies School of EngineeringUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle 2308Australia

An initial predic.ion of the partic.late mode of flow in pneumatic.c.nveying systems is benefic.al as this knowledge c.n provide c.earer direc.ion to the pneumatic.c.nveying design proc.ss. There are three general c.tegories of modes of flow, two dense flows： fluidised dense phase and plug flow, and dilute phase oniy. Detailed in this paper is a review of the c.mmonly used and available tec.niques for predic.ing mode of flow. Two types of predic.ive c.arts were defined： basic.partic.e parameter based （e.g. partic.e size and density） and air-partic.e parameter based （e.g. permeability and de-aeration）. The basic.partic.e tec.niques were found to have strong and weak areas of predic.ive ability, on the basis of a c.mparison with data from materials with known mode of flow c.pability. It was found that there was only slight improvement in predic.ive ability when the partic.e density was replac.d by loose-poured bulk density in the basic.parameter tec.niques. The air-partic.e-parameter-based tec.niques also showed well-defined regions for mode of flow predic.ion though the data set used was smaller than that for the basic.tec.niques. Also, it was found to be diffic.lt to utilise de-aeration values from different researc.ers and subsequently, an air-partic.e-based tec.nique was developed whic. does not require any de-aeration parameter in its assessment.

关键词： Pneumatic.c.nveying Mode of flow Dense phase Permeability De-aeration

Determination of slug permeability fac.or for pressure drop predic.ion of slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying

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Partic.ology 2008年第5期6卷 307-315页

作者： kenneth c.Williams Mark G.Jones Tobias Krull c.ntre for Bulk Solids and Partic.late Tec.nology The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

c.rrent models for pressure drop predic.ion of slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying in a horizontal pipeline system assume some type of steady state c.nditions for predic.ion, whic. limits their c.pability for inc.eased predic.ive ac.urac. relative to experimental data. This is partly bec.use of the nature of slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying system, whic., as a dynamic.system, never bec.mes stable. By utilising c.nservation of mass （airflow）, a dynamic.pressure analysis model is proposed on the basis of the derivative of the upstream pressure behaviour. The rate of air permeation through slug, one of the important fac.ors in the c.nservation model, is expressed as a func.ion of a slug permeability fac.or. Other fac.ors suc. as slug veloc.ty, slug length and the frac.ion of stationary layer were also c.nsidered. Several test materials were c.nveyed in single-slug tests to verify the proposed pressure drop model, showing good agreement between the model and experimental results.

关键词： Slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying Pressure drop Air mass c.nversation Slug permeability fac.or