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Well-Posedness of Stochastic Continuity Equations on Riemannian Manifolds

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： Luca GALIMBERTI kenneth H.KARLSEN Department of Mathematical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of mathematics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

The authors analyze continuity equations with Stratonovich stochasticity,■ρ+divh[ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth closed Riemannian manifold M with metric *** velocity field u is perturbed by Gaussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on *** velocity u belongs to L_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with divh u bounded in Lf,for p>d+2,where d is the dimension of M(they do not assume div_(h) u∈L_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully chosen noise vector fields ai(and the number N of them),they show that the initial-value problem is well-posed in the class of weak L^(2) solutions,although the problem can be ill-posed in the deterministic case because of concentration *** proof of this“regularization by noise”result is based on a L^(2) estimate,which is obtained by a duality method,and a weak compactness argument.

关键词： Stochastic continuity equation Riemannian manifold Hyperbolic equa-tion Non-smooth velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

Surgical cystogastrostomy: Is it still worthwhile?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2298-2301页

作者： Kin Pan Au kenneth Siu Ho Chok Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The article by Ker et al explores the treatment of peripancreatic fluid collection(PFC).The use of percutaneous drainage,endoscopy,and surgery for managing PFC are *** drainage is noted for its low risk profile,while endoscopic cystogastrostomy is more effective due to the wider orifice of the metallic *** cystogastrostomy is a definitive treatment with a reduced need for reintervention,especially for cases with extensive collections and significant *** choice of treatment modality should be tailored to individual patient characteristics and disease factors,considering the expertise available.

关键词： Endoscopic cystgastrostomy Surgical cystgastrostomy Pancreatitis Pancreatic necrosis Peripancreatic collection

Biophotoelectrochemistry:An emerging frontier for channeling photoelectric effect into darkness zone of soils and sediments

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 5-8页

作者： Jie YE Shungui ZHOU kenneth H.NEALSON Christopher RENSING Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Earth Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90007USA

Solar energy captured by photosynthetic plants in the photic zone is recognized as the main driver for the formation of organic matter utilized by soil communities. However, the contribution of organic transformation to the linkage of solar energy and microbial metabolism of soils is reduced when the vadose zone is saturated. In contrast to the conventional biophotoelectrochemistry via photosynthesis with phytoplankton during the periodic saturation of soils, recent studies suggest that non-phototrophic microorganisms in soils and sediments are able to conduct light-dependent metabolism to sustain their functionality with photosensitizers under illumination. These interactions and processes utilize long-distance electron transfer networks to interconnect diverse electron transfer chains that channel photoexcited electrons into the opaque zone for soil communities. Such an emerging process not only allows for a better understanding of biogeochemical processes such as soil carbon sequestration and mitigation, but also shows great potential for environmental treatment such as the bioremediation of contaminated soils. Therefore, we suggest that biophotoelectrochemistry via photoelectric effect can have significant, heretofore unappreciated, theoretical and practical values.

关键词： soils soil metabolism

Bile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth C.P.Cheung Xiaojiao Zheng School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile acids(BAs)play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and act as key regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism and immune *** the enterohepatic circulation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering the vascular circulation and distributing *** allows BAs to interact with receptors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interactions that regulate both local and global metabolic processes,as well as the immune *** review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation,including in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and *** BA synthesis and receptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.

关键词： bile acid whole body metabolism immunity

Mechanistic insight into Cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-containing ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying Hu Qiang Xue Honghan Chen Huaming Guo kenneth C.Carroll Song Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretical Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent chromium[Cr(Ⅵ)]causes serious harm to the environment due to its high toxicity,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of Cr(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually coexist with silicate(Si),forming Si-containing ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mechanisms of Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other techniques were used to characterize Si-Fh and Cr(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that specific surface area of Si-Fh increases gradually with increasing Si/Fe ratios,but Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh decreases with increasing Si/Fe *** is because with an increase in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero charge of Si-Fh gradually decreases and electrostatic repulsion between Si-Fh and Cr(Ⅵ)***,the complexation of Cr(Ⅵ)is enhanced due to the increase in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with increasing Si/Fe molar ratio,which partly counteracts the effect of the electrostatic ***,the increase in the electrostatic repulsion has a greater impact on adsorption than the additional complexation with *** functional theory calculation further supports this observation,showing the increases in electron variation of bonding atoms and reaction energies of inner spherical complexes with the increase in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent chromium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio Cr(Ⅵ)Adsorption

Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 273-281页

作者： Jiajun Meng Sivacarendran Balendhran Ylias Sabri Suresh K.Bhargava kenneth B.Crozier School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems(TMOS) University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre for Advanced Materials&Industrial Chemistry(CAMIC) STEM collegeRMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Smart,low-cost and portable gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related ***,electrochemical and nondispersive infrared(IR)gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific *** IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance,their deployment is limited due to their large size and high *** this study,a smart,low-cost,multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning *** microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free,compact(~1 cm^(3))and lightweight(~1 g).The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases *** system detects the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100%with 100%*** also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%.Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ***,methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit(200 ppm);this concentration is considered low and *** study demonstrates the viability of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.

关键词： Smart gases system

Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 Joseph Roger Arhin Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark *** both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite ***,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect

Environmental Impact of Kakhovka Dam Breach and Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Explosion on Dnieper River Landscape

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第6期14卷 353-387页

作者： kenneth Ray Olson Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Dnieper River headwaters are in Russia’s Valdai Hills and the river flows south to the Black Sea. The Dnieper River provides a waterway in which to transport goods to and from various European nations. In addition, the dams on the river provide hydro power. There are approximately 2260 km of Dnieper waterways in Russia, in Belarus, and within Ukraine. The Dnieper River has numerous urban centers including Smolensk in Russia, Mogilev in Belarus and Kiev and Zaporizhzhya in Ukraine. The worst nuclear accident in history unfolded, in the Dnieper River watershed, in northern Ukraine as a reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded and burned. After an accident, such as Chernobyl, radionuclide contaminated bodies of water via direct deposition from the air, discharge as effluent or indirectly from catchment basin washout. When radionuclides contaminate large bodies of water, they are quickly dispersing and accumulate in water bottom sediments, benthos, aquatic plants, and bottom feeding fish. The main pathways to humans are through contamination of drinking-water, from use of water for irrigation of food crops, and consumption of contaminated fish. Kakhovka Dam on the Dnieper River was destroyed during the Russian-Ukraine conflict and the dam needs to rebuild as soon as possible. Perhaps lessons learned by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), after using TNT to blow up the Birds Point front line levee on the Mississippi River in May of 2011, can be applied to the man-induced 2023 Kakhovka Dam breach. The Birds Point man-induced levee breaches and subsequent flooding of farmland resulted in the loss of the 2011 crops and damaged the future soil productivity. The strong current and sweep of the water through the three man-induced levee breaches on the New Madrid floodway levee created deep gullies, displaced tons of soil, and damaged irrigation equipment, farms, and homes. The New Madrid floodway agricultural lands were restored, and the environmental dama

关键词： Dnieper River Ukraine New Madrid Levee TNT Chernobyl Kakhovka Dam 137Cs Black Sea Kiev

The Need for International Cooperation between Israel and Other Middle East Nations to Protect the Jordan River Landscape

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第5期14卷 283-307页

作者： kenneth Ray Olson College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Jordan River, also referred to as Nahr Al Sharieat in Arabic, is a long river in the Middle East that flows from north to south through the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. The Jordan River is bordered by the Golan Heights and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in the east and by Israel and the Palestinian West Bank (Judea and Samaria) in the west. Soil tunnels, including those in the Jordan River watershed and on the Israel, Syria, and Lebanon borders, have a long history of use for warfare, as invasion pathways, smuggling, and storage of rockets, missiles and ordnance and are causes of serious political tension between the countries. Soil tunnel construction and destruction often has adverse environmental and human health impacts in the Jordan River landscape. Due to agricultural wastes, the discharge of untreated sewage, and diversion of saline springs into the river water there has been serious deterioration in the water quality in the lower courses of the Jordan River. The primary objective of this research is to encourage the development of a multi-country clean-up, mitigation, and protection plan for the Jordan River.

关键词： Jordan River Jordan Israel Lebanon Syria Dead Sea Sea of Galilee Six-Day War Soil Tunnels