检索结果-南通市图书馆

r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel kenneth r. olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Cumber.and r.ver.r.sour.e Stewar.ship and Pr.tection: Managing the Cumber.and r.ver.and the Land Between the Lakes Landscapes

引用

Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2021年第2期13卷 92-111页

作者： kenneth r. olson College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

Cumber.and r.ver.for.ed on Cumber.and Plateau by confluence of the Poor.and Clover.for.s in Har.an county, Kentucky and loops south thr.ugh nor.her. Tennessee. It joints the Ohio r.ver.at Smithland, Kentucky. The Cumber.and r.ver.is 1107 km long and has a dr.inage ar.a of 46,830 km2. The Cumber.and cr.sses a highland bench in Cumber.and Plateau and flows in a gor.e between 90 - 120 m cliffs. The Cumber.and Falls is 20.7 m high. The r.ver.enter. the centr.l limestone basin of Tennessee, tur.ing nor.h, cr.sses the plain of wester. Kentucky to Ohio r.ver.at Smithland, Kentucky and at one point it is less than 3 km fr.m Tennessee r.ver. The Cumber.and r.ver.had a long histor. of tr.nspor.ing fur., canoes, guns, ar.ies, settler., coal pr.ducts and manufactur.d goods in the 1700s and 1800s. Thr.e separ.te for.s (Mar.in’s For., Clover.For., and Poor.For.) flow out of the Appalachian Mountains in southeast Kentucky near.the Vir.inia bor.er.to for. the headwater. of the Cumber.and r.ver.near.Har.an, Kentucky. Steamboat tr.ffic on the Cumber.and r.ver.incr.ased substantially in the 1800s as expanding coal fields, stone quar.ies and Tennessee pr.duce began to be shipped thr.ughout the r.gion. The Cumber.and r.ver.was sur.eyed dur.ng this per.od and between 1832 and 1838 Congr.ss appr.pr.ated $155,000 for.impr.ving commer.ial navigation. With this infusion of money the United States Ar.y Cor.s of Engineer. (USACE) could clear.the r.ver.of snags and build wing dams to deepen the channel. A 1060 km Cumber.and r.ver.r.gional tr.il system, similar.to the Tennessee r.ver.r.gional tr.il system under.development, is needed to pr.mote r.cr.ational tour.sm and incr.ase use of the Cumber.and r.ver.and basin. The pr.mar. objectives ar.: 1) to document how the landscape and geological r.sour.es of the Cumber.and r.ver.have contr.buted to the successful water.r.sour.e and economic development of a histor.c r.gion in Nor.h Amer.ca, 2) to identify futur. r.sks to the natur.l and en

关键词： Bar.ley Lake Tennessee Valley Author.ty TVA

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

r.view and Analysis: United States Cluster.Munitions and Unexploded Or.nance Left in Laos after.the Second Indochina War

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2023年第8期13卷 355-369页

作者： kenneth r. olson College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

Cluster.munitions r.lease dozens of smaller.bomblets that r.in deadly ammunition on ar.or.d tanks, vegetation and tr.ops, effectively str.king br.ad ar.as of war.zone landscapes in one launch. However. only about 60% of bomblets detonate immediately and those that fail to detonate fall to the gr.und and can lie dor.ant for.year.. The legacy of cluster.munitions in Laos fr.m the Second Indochina War.is unexploded bomblets acr.ss the landscape that unexpectedly detonate year. later. injur.ng and killing childr.n, far.er., and other.civilians long after.the war.is over. In Laos, the United States (US) militar. oper.tion against the Ho Chi Minh Tr.il, a networ. of foot and bicycle paths, water.ays, and tr.ck r.utes along the Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam bor.er. linking Nor.h and South Vietnam began in 1959. By the 1960s, as the war.escalated, tr.il tr.ffic was inter.icted fr.quently by CIA and US Air.For.e using tactical her.icide spr.ying to defoliate dense vegetation and bombing to disr.pt supplies and Nor.h Vietnamese tr.ops disper.ed along the 16,000-kilometer.tr.il. Unexploded or.inance (UXO), including cluster.munitions, fr.m U.S. bombings continued in r.cent year. to detonate, kill, maim and injur. Laotians and r.nder.agr.cultur.l lands too hazar.ous to cultivate. The pr.mar. objectives of this study ar. to document: 1) the long-ter. consequences and impacts of the US Air.For.e bombing of Laos dur.ng the Second Indochina War.(1959 to 1973);2) the United States r.moval of unexploded or.nance and cluster.munitions;and 3) wor.dwide r.lief effor.s to help the Laotians maimed by unexploded or.nance and cluster.munitions.

关键词： Cluster.Munitions Or.nance Bombs Laos Cluster.bomblets US Air.For.e Air.Amer.ca

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

How Did Vinh Moc Village, Located near.Vietnam DMZ, Pr.tect Their.Villager. fr.m United States Air.For.e Bombar.ment dur.ng the Vietnam War.

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2023年第1期13卷 1-27页

作者： kenneth r. olson College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The bur.ed village is Vinh Moc wher. mor. than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldier., who lived under.r.und dur.ng the Vietnam War.(1965 to 1972) wer. hand dug into r.d basalt bedr.ck. The Vinh Moc Village was str.tegically located on the bor.er.of Nor.h Vietnam and South Vietnam appr.ximately 14 km nor.h of the DMZ and along the shor.line of the South China Sea. Dur.ng the Vietnam War. the US Air.For.e heavily bombed Vinh Moc. The Nor.h Vietnamese Ar.y (NVA) had an impor.ant militar. base on near.y Con Co Island. Br.ve civil volunteer. fr.m Vinh Moc would make the 28 km danger.us jour.ey to the island, disguised as fisher.en, to deliver.supplies to the soldier. stationed ther.. The people who r.mained at Vinh Moc dug tunnels into r.d basalt hills in or.er.to sur.ive this onslaught. The Amer.can for.es assessed the villager. of Vinh Moc wer. supplying food and ar.aments to the NVA gar.ison on the island of Con Co, which was in tur. hinder.ng the Amer.can bomber. on their.way to bomb Hanoi. The US militar. objective was to for.e the villager. of Vinh Moc to leave the ar.a. The villager. initially dug the tunnels to a 10 m depth but the Amer.can for.es designed bombs that bur.owed down 10 m befor. exploding. The soil tunnels wer. then deepened to 30 m to pr.vide safety for.the soldier. and civilians wor.ing ther. dur.ng the intense US Air.For.e bombing. The pr.mar. objective of the r.sear.h study was to deter.ine how the soils and par.nt mater.al of Vinh Moc Village, pr.tected their.villager. fr.m the United States Air.For.e bombar.ment dur.ng the Vietnam War. In addition, the natur.l par.nt mater.al at both the Vinh Moc and Cu Chi wer. assessed to deter.ine why the tunnels wer. so r.silient. The Cu Chi and Ir.n Tr.angle soil tunnels wer. dug by hand in the Old Alluvium soils and par.nt mater.al wher. ir.n in solution pr.cipitated and became the soil binding mater.al. The Vinh Moc tunnels wer. hand dug in por.us, r.d basalt (bedr.ck) hills wher. the consolidated r.ck st

关键词： Vinh Moc Village South China Sea Shor.line Con Co Island Bombing Huang Tr. Pr.vince Soil Tunnels Gr.und Penetr.ting Bombs Cu Chi Soil Tunnels

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Agent Blue: A Secr.t Militar. and Envir.nmental Chemical Weapon Used for.Food Denial in South Vietnam dur.ng the Vietnam Civil War.(1962-1965)

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2023年第3期13卷 151-186页

作者： kenneth r. olson College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

Dur.ng the last 60 year., the souther. Vietnam envir.nment and Vietnamese living in the Mekong Delta have bio-accumulated ar.enic fr.m natur.l and anthr.pic (Vietnam Civil War.(1962-1965)) sour.es via their.dr.nking water.(gr.undwater.fr.m tube wells) and food supply leading to an incr.asing r.sk of chr.nic poisoning over.time. A synthesis and analysis of publications and r.cor.s is pr.sented to document the r.public of Vietnam (r.), the official name of the South Vietnam Gover.ment, and United States (US) militar.es contr.bution to ar.enic levels and toxic spikes in the Vietnam Mekong Delta gr.undwater. Dur.ng the Vietnam Civil War. Agent Blue, in powder.for., was shipped to Por. Saigon, via the Saigon r.ver. and tr.nspor.ed to the Tan Son Nhut Air.For.e base dur.ng the Vietnam Civil War. After.the official star. of the Amer.can-Vietnam War.(1965-1973) the tactical her.icides wer. r.-r.uted to Bien Hoa Air.For.e base (1965 to 1971). Appr.ximately 3.2 million liter. of Agent Blue (468,008 kg As) was spr.yed or.dumped by the r. militar. with the assistance and suppor. of the Centr.l Intelligence (CIA), US Ar.y and US Navy, dur.ng the 1962-1965 Khai Huang (Hamlet) Pr.gr.m. A por.ion of an additional 4.6 million liter. of Agent Blue (664,392 kg of As) was spr.yed between 1962 and 1965 by the US Air.For.e as par. of Oper.tion r.nch Hand and pr.or.to the official star. of the Amer.can-Vietnam War.in August 1964. Oper.tion r.nd Hand began in 1962 and ended in 1971. The Institute of Medicine estimated a total of 7.8 million liter. (1,132,400 kg As) of Agent Blue was applied to souther. Vietnam landscape fr.m 1962 to 1971. This total includes both the 1962 to 1965 r. Khai Huang pr.gr.m with the assistance of the CIA, US Ar.y and US Navy, and the total Agent Blue applied by US Air.For.e Oper.tion r.nch Hand fr.m 1962 to 1971. The pr.mar. objective of this study was to document how Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, became a secr.t US militar. and envir.nmental chemical

关键词： Ar.enic Cacodylic Acid Agent Blue Her.icides Chemical Weapons For. Detr.ck Depar.ment of Defense (DOD) Pr.sident Kennedy Pr.sident Diem CIA US State Depar.ment USDA Khai Huang

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Tennessee r.ver.r.sour.e Stewar.ship and Pr.tection: The Tennessee r.ver.Line Tr.il Pr.ject and Par.ner.hips

引用

Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2020年第12期12卷 1053-1076页

作者： kenneth r. olson Soil Science in the College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Tennessee r.ver.had a long and color.ul histor. of tr.nspor.ing Native Amer.cans, settler., ar.ies, and car.o of all types in 1700s and 1800s. The headwater. of the Tennessee r.ver. the lar.est tr.butar. of the Ohio r.ver. or.ginates in the Appalachian Mountains of easter. United States. Cr.ated by the confluence of the Holston and Fr.nch Br.ad r.ver. at Knoxville, the Tennessee r.ver.flows appr.ximately 1049 km to Paducah, Kentucky wher. it dr.ins into the Ohio r.ver. This paper.highlights how the landscape and geological r.sour.es of the Tennessee r.ver.and tr.butar.es water.hed contr.buted to the successful economic development of this histor.cal r.gion of Nor.h Amer.ca. The Tennessee r.ver.is one of the most biologically diver.e fr.shwater.systems in the United States. Envir.nmental challenges included an unsuccessful attempt to keep invasive species, such as the Asian car., out of the Tennessee r.ver.and the Kentucky Lake. The 1049 r.ver.kilometer.Tennessee r.ver.r.gional tr.il system with char.er.r.ver.Towns was designed to pr.mote r.cr.ational tour.sm, incr.ase the use of the Tennessee r.ver.and to cr.ate gener.tions of people who car. about the r.ver.and ar. willing to pr.vide envir.nmental stewar.ship of the water.hed r.sour.es and pr.tect the r.ver.

关键词： Flood of 1937 Kentucky Dam Kentucky Lake Navigation Big Head Car. Silver.Car. Paducah Kentucky Tennessee Valley Author.ty TVA

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

r.view and Analysis: Fate of Ar.enic Applied to Canal Shipping Lane Vegetation and United States Militar. Base Gr.unds in the Panama Canal Zone

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2023年第10期13卷 391-413页

作者： kenneth r. olson College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 incr.ased the availability of inter.ationally tr.ded goods and tr.nsfor.ed ocean-shipping by shor.ening tr.vel time between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The canal spar.ed the gr.wth of por. author.ties and incr.ased ship tonnage on both coasts of Panama. Since the constr.ction of the Panama Canal, in the 1910s, pesticides, her.icides and chemicals, including ar.enic, have been essential for.contr.lling wetland vegetation, including hyacinth, which blocked r.ver., lakes, and the canal as well as managing mosquitoes. Pesticides and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun (r.ser.oir. either.attached to sediment or.in solution dur.ng the monsoon season. Lake Gatun was the dr.nking water.sour.e for.most of the people living in the Panama Canal Zone. The United States militar. base commander. had the ability to or.er.and use cacodylic acid (ar.enic based) fr.m the Naval Depot Supply Feder.l and Stock Catalog and the later.Feder.l Supply Catalog on the militar. base gr.unds in the Panama Canal Zone. Cacodylic acid was shipped to Panama Canal Zone por.s, including Balboa and Cr.stobal, and distr.buted to the militar. bases by r.il or.tr.ck. The objective of this study is to deter.ine the fate of ar.enic: 1) applied between 1914 and 1935 to Panama Canal shipping lane hyacinth and other.wetland vegetation and 2) cacodylic acid (ar.enic) spr.yed fr.m 1948 to 1999 on the US militar. base gr.unds in the Panama Canal Zone.

关键词： Panama Canal Ar.enic Hyacinth Lake Gatun Shipping Lanes Cacodylic Acid

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Mekong Delta in Vietnam and Cambodia Is Subsiding and in Need of r.mediation

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2022年第5期12卷 171-192页

作者： kenneth r. olson Depar.ment of Natur.l r.sour.es and Envir.nmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

Land subsidence and r.sing sea levels could r.sult in 40% of the Mekong Delta being cover.d by the South China Sea within the next few decades. The impact of gr.undwater.withdr.wal, in the SE Asia mega deltas of Ganges-Br.hmaputr. Delta, Jakar.a Delta, Chao Phr.ya Delta and Mekong Delta, is a major.r.ason these deltas ar. sinking. Ther. ar. lessons to be lear.ed fr.m both failur.s and successful r.mediation effor.s in other.mega deltas as Vietnam policy maker. seek to addr.ss Mekong Delta subsidence. Without a significant Vietnam gover.ment r.mediation and mitigation effor.s, land subsidence in the Mekong Delta will continue. Land subsidence has occur.ed in the Mekong Delta as a r.sult of the r.tention of sediments behind the China and Laos dams on the main stem of the Mekong r.ver. r.duced flooding peaks, climate change, sea level r.se, stor. sur.es and flooding. In addition, subsidence has been exascer.ated by compaction, gr.undwater.extr.ction for.shr.mp ponds, r.ce paddies and the household and dr.nking water.needs of appr.ximately 20 million people living on the Mekong Delta in Vietnam and Cambodia. The Mekong Delta shor.lines ar. er.ding and significant land ar.as, including wetlands, ar. becoming open water. The wetlands and land mass ar. also subsiding as a r.sult of the r.duction in sediment deposition. Lar.e dams on the mainstem of the Mekong r.ver.in China and Laos have r.duced peak flows and r.duced sediment loads in lower.Mekong r.ver. Population and industr.al gr.wth have incr.ased gr.undwater.extr.ction and salt water.intr.sion as the delta subsides leading to consolidation and r.duction in the cur.ent plumes flowing into the South China Sea. The pr.mar. objective of this paper.is to assess the impact of gr.undwater.withdr.wals for.r.ce paddies, shr.mp ponds, aquacultur., industr. and dr.nking water.on Mekong Delta land subsidence. The secondar. objective is to identify mitigation effor.s used in other.Southeast Asia deltas and make r.mediation r.comm

关键词： Dykes Ho Chi Minh City Jakar.a Mekong Delta Sea Walls Subsidence Sediments

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Saigon r.ver.Valley: A Navigation, Tr.de, Mitigation, Invasion, Liber.tion, and Unification Pathway

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2023年第2期13卷 46-82页

作者： kenneth r. olson College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Saigon r.ver.is located in souther. Vietnam with headwater. star.ing in southeaster. Cambodia. The r.ver.flows southeast for.about 225 km to the South China Sea. Most r.ader. of Vietnam’s histor. know about the Amer.can-Vietnam War.(1965-1973). However. centur.es befor. that time, Vietnam fought with the Chinese, the Khmer., the Chams and the Mongols. The histor. of Vietnam begins in the r.d r.ver.Delta, wher. far.er. fir.t cultivated r.ce. A millenia of str.ggle against the Chinese then followed. The Saigon r.ver.Valley was the pathway used by the Nor.h Vietnamese Ar.y (NVA) to get fr.m the Ho Chi Minh Tr.il in Cambodia to Saigon dur.ng the 1968 Tet Offensive. The NVA dug Cu Chi and Ir.n Tr.angle soil tunnels near.Cu Chi in the Old Alluvium ter.ace to hide fr.m Amer.can For.es and Air.For.e bomber.. In 1962, the Tan Son Nhut Air.For.e base on the nor.her. edge of Saigon r.ceived the fir.t shipments of Agent Blue, the ar.enic based her.icide, used to destr.y the r.ce cr.p. The most dioxin TCDD and ar.enic contaminated site in Vietnam was Bien Hoa Air.For.e base on the Saigon r.ver.just 30 km nor.heast east of Ho Chi Minh City. The adjacent Bien Hoa City has a population of over.800,000. The Por. of Ho Chi Minh City is the most significant r.ver.por. in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The r.ver.is navigable by ships which dr.ft up to 9 m. Vietnam only became a united countr. in the 19th centur.. Its independence was soon affected by Fr.nch colonialism and then the destr.ctive Amer.can inter.ention in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War.Ar.hive no. 2 in Ho Chi Minh City houses r.sidual cor.espondence between the r.public of Vietnam (r.) Pr.sident Diem’s administr.tion and US Pr.sident Kennedy’s administr.tion r.lated to the Khai Huang pr.gr.m (hamlet str.tegy). In addition, the ar.hive contains some of the tactical her.icide spr.y r.cor.s of the r. militar. for.the Mekong Delta. The pr.mar. objective this study is to document the r.le that the Saigon r.ver.Valley played,

关键词： Saigon r.ver Ho Chi Minh City Por. of Saigon Cu Chi Soil Tunnels Ir.n Tr.angle Soil Tunnel Khai Huang Bien Hoa Cu Chi Nha Be Base

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

r.view and Analysis: Did the United States Tr.nspor., Off-Load and Use Commer.ial 2,4,5-T Her.icides with Unknown Amounts of Dioxin TCDD on Militar. Base Gr.unds in Panama Canal Zone between 1948 and 1999?

引用

Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2023年第11期13卷 490-515页

作者： kenneth r. olson College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The 84 km Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has histor.cally been a str.tegic water.ay for.shipping and the location of United States (US) militar. bases. Since the constr.ction of Lake Gatun r.ser.oir. canal locks and navigation channel thr.ugh the Isthmus of Panama tr.pical for.sts in the 1910s, chemicals, pesticides, and her.icides have been essential for.contr.lling upland and wetland vegetation as well as managing mosquito-bor.e diseases. Chemicals and pesticides flowed into Lake Gatun via land sur.ace r.noff and subsur.ace dr.inage either.attached to the sediment or.in solution dur.ng the r.iny season. Lake Gatun and the Panama Canal was the dr.nking water.sour.e for.most of the civilian and militar. population living in the Panama Canal Zone. Between 1948 and 1999, US militar. base commander. had the ability to or.er. fr.m the Feder.l Supply Catalog, commer.ially available her.icide 2,4,5-T with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD for.use on the militar. base gr.unds in the Panama Canal Zone. The her.icide 2,4,5-T was tr.nspor.ed to Panama Canal Zone por.s, including the por.s Cr.stobal on the Car.bbean and Balboa on the Pacific, and distr.buted to the US militar. bases in Panama by r.il or.tr.ck. The US National Toxicology Pr.gr.m and the Inter.ational Agency for.the r.sear.h on Cancer.listed dioxin and TCDD as known human car.inogens. Dioxins ar. endocr.ne disr.pter. and can cause cer.ain chlor.cne, cancer., developmental and r.pr.ductive effects. In 1985, the United States gover.ment banned the manufactur. of the her.icide 2,4,5-T, with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD, after.it was shown to cause cancer.in animals. The objectives of this study ar. to deter.ine: 1) the fate of dioxin TCDD, a contaminant in the her.icide 2,4,5-T, spr.yed on the US militar. base vegetation in the Panama Canal Zone fr.m 1948 to 1999, 2) the tr.nspor. of dioxin TCDD r.ch sediment via soil er.sion and over.and flow into Lake Gatun and Panama Canal water.ays and 3

关键词： Dioxin TCDD Agent Or.nge 2 4 5-T Panama Canal Zone Commer.ial Her.icides US Depar.ment of Defense For. Sher.an Monsanto Ezr. Kr.us

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：