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Disappearance and appearance of an indigestible marker in feces from growing pigs as affected by previous-and currentdiet composition

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 643-651页

作者： Brandy M.j.cobs j.hn F.Patience Merlin D.Lindemann kenneth j.stalder Brian j.Kerr Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmes 50010USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of KentuckyLexington 40546KYUSA USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agricultural and the Environment Ames 50010IAUSA

Background： Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of a marker in feces can be affected by diet composition, feed intake, or an animal＇s *** obj.ctives of this study were to determine the impact of previous（Phase 1, P1） and current-（Phase 2, P2）diet composition on marker disappearance（Cr） and appearance（Ti） in pigs fed 3 diets differing in NDF ***： When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDF diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively,for Cr levels to decrease below the limit of quantitation; or 4.6, 3.7, or 2.8 d, respectively, for Ti to be maximized. These effects were not, however, independent of the previous diet as indicated by the interaction between P1 and P2 diets on fecal marker concentrations（P 〈 0.01）. When dietary NDF increased from P1 to P2, it took less time for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 2.5 d）, than if NDF decreased from P1 to P2 where it took longer for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 3.4 d）.Conclusions： Because of the wide range in excretion times reported in the literature and improved laboratory methods for elemental detection, the data suggests that caution must be taken in considering dietary fiber concentrations of the past and currently fed diets so that no previous dietary marker addition remains in the digestive tract or feces such that a smal amount of maker is present to confound subsequent experimental results, and that marker concentration have stabilized when these samples are col ected.

关键词： Adaptation Digestibility Fiber Indigestible marker Pig

Dairy manure as a potential source of crop nutrients and environmental contaminants

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 117-130页

作者： Danika Hill Matthew j.Morra Thibault stalder Sven j.chalke Eva Top Anne T.Pollard Inna Popova Department of Soil&water Systems University of IdahoID 83844-2340USA Department of Biology University of IdahoID 83844-3051USA j.stus Liebig University Giessen Institute for Phytopathology35392 GieJenGermany

Although animal manure is applied to agricultural fields for its nutrient value,it may also contain potential *** determine the variability in such contaminants as well as in valuable nutrients,nine uncomposted manure samples from Idaho dairies collected during 2.5 years were analyzed for macro-and micro-nutrients,hormones,phytoestrogens,antibiotics,veterinary drugs,antibiotic resistance genes,and genetic elements involved in the spread of antibiotic *** N ranged from 6.8 to 30.7(C:N of 10 to 21),P from 2.4 to 9.0,and K from 10.2 to 47.7 g/kg ***(103-348 mg/kg)was more abundant than Cu(56-127 mg/kg)in all *** were the most prevalent contaminants detected,with concentrations fluctuating over time,reflecting animal *** is the first study to document the presence of flunixin,a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,in solid stacked manure from regular dairy *** was the most frequently detected *** and sulfonamides were regularly *** also investigated the relative abundance of several types of plasmids involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in clinical *** belonging to the Inc I,Inc P,and Inc Q1 incompatibility groups were found in almost all manure *** Q1 plasmids,class 1 integrons,and sulfonamide resistance genes were the most widespread and abundant genetic element surveyed,emphasizing their potential role in the spread of antibiotic *** benefits associated with amending agricultural soils with dairy manure must be carefully weighed against the potential negative consequences of any manure contaminants.

关键词： Manure Antibiotics Hormones Veterinary drugs Emerging contaminants

Genetic relationship between purebred and crossbred sow longevity

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 24-29页

作者： C.E.Abell R.L.Fernando T.V.Serenius M.F.Rothschild K.A.Gray K.j.stalder Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-3150 USA Figen Ltd. PO Box 31960101 Seinajoki Finland Smithfield Premium Genetics 316 W. Charity Rd Rose Hill NC 28458 USA

Background： The overall breeding obj.ctive for a nucleus swine selection program is to improve crossbred commercial performance. Most genetic improvement programs are based on an assumed high degree of positive relationship between purebred performance in a nucleus herd and their relatives＇ crossbred performance in a commercial herd. The obj.ctive of this study was to examine the relationship between purebred and crossbred sow longevity performance. Sow longevity was defined as a binary trait with a success occurring if a sow remained in the herd for a certain number of parities and including the cumulative number born alive as a measure of reproductive success. Heritabilities, genetic correlations, and phenotypic correlations were estimated using ***： Results indicated little to no genetic correlations between crossbred and purebred reproductive *** indicates that selection for longevity or lifetime performance at the nucleus level may not result in improved longevity and lifetime performance at the crossbred level. Early parity performance was highly correlated with lifetime performance indicating that an indicator trait at an early parity could be used to predict lifetime performance. This would allow a sow to have her own record for the selection trait before she has been removed from the ***： Results from this study aid in quantifying the relationship between purebred and crossbred performance and provide information for genetic companies to consider when developing a selection program where the obj.ctive is to improve crossbred sow performance. Utilizing crossbred records in a selection program would be the best way to improve crossbred sow productivity.

关键词： Binary traits Sow longevity Threshold model

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母猪的利用年限

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2006年第5期26卷 21-26页

作者：谈永松 j.stalder 美国衣阿华州立大学动物科学系

在商品猪肉生产中,母猪的利用年限缩短会导致经济效益低下以及动物安康问题。猪肉生产商正在力求通过提高母猪年产瘦肉量以及降低料肉比来提高生产效率,以便为顾客提供更多瘦肉。但是,在许多商品猪场,这种努力很可能已经导致了母猪群的... 详细信息

在商品猪肉生产中,母猪的利用年限缩短会导致经济效益低下以及动物安康问题。猪肉生产商正在力求通过提高母猪年产瘦肉量以及降低料肉比来提高生产效率,以便为顾客提供更多瘦肉。但是,在许多商品猪场,这种努力很可能已经导致了母猪群的繁殖寿限降低。对这些性状的注重,已经使人们减弱了对保持母猪终生生产率的注重。提高母猪利用年限就可减少购置后备母猪的花费以及相关的隔离、培育和驯化方面的成本,从而可以提高猪肉生产商的收益。我们在这里对至今为止有关母猪利用年限以及淘汰的研究作一概述。这些研究主要集中在母猪利用年限对经济的影响以及繁殖群中母猪移除的原因等方面,以及遗传、营养、后备母猪培育和其它多种可影响母猪利用年限的因素。这些研究清楚地指出,母猪利用年限是一个复杂的性状,有多种因素都可影响商业繁殖猪群中母猪利用年限的长短。本综述表明,还需要对现代商品母系进行更多的研究,以弄清与此性状有关的一切事件,比如对各种有关基因的识别、饲养管理、新母猪的培育、营养以及所有可影响母猪利用年限的有关因素。弄清可影响现代母系利用年限以及对这些性状进行遗传改良,可帮助许多猪肉生产商获得更高的生产效率。

关键词：利用年限母猪群猪肉生产商品猪场经济效益生产效率后备母猪遗传改良

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母猪的利用年限(续完)

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2006年第6期26卷 16-24页

作者： j.stalder 秦崇德（译）覃矜（校）美国衣阿华州立大学动物科学系不详

影响母猪利用年限的因素母猪的利用年限(longevity),即使不和猪的所有生产性状一样,但也和猪大多数重要生产性状的情况相同,既受到遗传的影响,也受到繁殖体系的影响.

关键词：杂种母猪利用年限生产性状遗传效应纯种母猪繁殖体系淘汰率初情期

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沙利度胺治疗慢性盘状红斑狼疮

世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第3期2卷 21-22页

作者： Brocard A. Barbarot S. Milpied B. stalder j.-F. 周少娜 Clinique Dermatologique CHU Htel-Dieu1place Alexis Ricordeau 44093 Nantes

Introduction. Thalidomide is the second line treatment of chronic lupus erythematosus. The efficacy of this treatment, the minimal effective doses and tolerance are poorly documented in the literature. Patients and methods. We present the data of a single-center retrospective studied among 18 patients with chronic lupus erythematosus, treated with thalidomide from 1998 to 2003. Inclusion criteria were: the presence of clinical lesions evoking the disease, confirmed by histological examination and direct immunofluorescence and treatmentwith thalidomide for more than 2 months. Results. Mean age on diagnosis was of 35.8 years. Thalidomide had been initiated a mean of 10.6 years after diagnosis of chronic lupus erythematosus. In 13 out of 18 patients, thalidomide had been prescribed because of failure with prior treatments. Fifteen patients were improved by thalidomide (83.3 p. 100), with 11 (61 p. 100)- complete and 4 (22 p. 100) partial remissions. Two (11 p. 100) patients were stabilized and treatment failed in one. The mean initial dose was of 100 mg/d (50- 150), and maintenance dose was of around 50 mg/d (56 mg/d). The mean follow-up with thalidomide was of 19.4 months. Only one withdrawal due to side effects was reported. The most frequent side effects were: asthenia (33 p. 100), paresthesia (22 p. 100) and weight gain (16.6 p. 100). No side effects were reported in 10 out of 18 patients. Discussion. This study confirms the efficacy of low dose thalidomide in the treatment of chronic lupus erythematosus. In our experience, tolerance to this treatment is good, the most frequent side effect was asthenia, but usually mild. No significant peripheral neuropathy was noted. The fear of side effects, notably neurological, should not delay initiation of thalidomide in the case of failure with current treatments.

关键词：慢性盘状红斑狼疮沙利度胺前治疗红斑狼疮患者直接免疫荧光检查完全缓解组织学检查二线药物纳入标准耐受量

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再论“什么是发展导向型教育”

应用型高等教育研究 2023年第3期8卷 39-44,95页

作者： Christof Arn Christian stalder 陈颖(译) 敏捷教育学院瑞士苏黎世8045 健康与社会教育中心瑞士库尔7000 奥斯纳布吕克应用科学大学

文章揭示了在“学习”领域发生的深刻变革。与能力导向范式在20世纪90年代开始吸收并取代知识导向范式相似,当前能力导向在向发展导向过渡。文章综述了范式所具有的13个特征,在上一期同标题的文章中已经阐释了其中的6个,本篇继续论述其... 详细信息

文章揭示了在“学习”领域发生的深刻变革。与能力导向范式在20世纪90年代开始吸收并取代知识导向范式相似,当前能力导向在向发展导向过渡。文章综述了范式所具有的13个特征,在上一期同标题的文章中已经阐释了其中的6个,本篇继续论述其余的特征。这一处在发展当中的范式对解决当前的诸多问题有很大的帮助,并有助于我们把它作为一个新兴的模式用来进一步发展教学方法和教育学,从而拓展教育机构、教师和学习者的角色。

关键词：发展导向型教育以人为本的教育教育范式范式转变以学习者为中心