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核医学中的机器学习:第二部分——神经网络与临床

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中华核医学与分子影像杂志 2021年第8期41卷 507-512页

作者：谢宗能(译) 颜建华(审校) 上海理工大学医疗器械与食品学院 200093 上海健康医学院、上海市分子影像学重点实验室 201318

第一部分概述了机器学习(ML)在核医学中的应用,第二部分重点介绍神经网络。该文先用一个例子说明神经网络是如何工作的,并讨论其潜在的应用。重点关注ML在图像重建、低剂量PET、疾病检测以及诊断和预后预测的最新进展。目前在核医学中... 详细信息

第一部分概述了机器学习(ML)在核医学中的应用,第二部分重点介绍神经网络。该文先用一个例子说明神经网络是如何工作的,并讨论其潜在的应用。重点关注ML在图像重建、低剂量PET、疾病检测以及诊断和预后预测的最新进展。目前在核医学中应用的ML算法呈现多样化,迫切需要对算法设计和结果指标解读进行规范,该文给出了一个规范清单以供业界参考和遵循。

关键词：机器学习核医学神经网络

Bile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth c.P.cheung Xiaojiao Zheng School of chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile acids(BAs)play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and act as key regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism and immune *** the enterohepatic circulation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering the vascular circulation and distributing *** allows BAs to interact with receptors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interactions that regulate both local and global metabolic processes,as well as the immune *** review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation,including in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and *** BA synthesis and receptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.

关键词： bile acid whole body metabolism immunity

Mechanistic insight into cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-containing ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying Hu Qiang Xue Honghan chen Huaming Guo kenneth c.carroll Song Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater circulation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretical chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent chromium[cr(Ⅵ)]causes serious harm to the environment due to its high toxicity,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of cr(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually coexist with silicate(Si),forming Si-containing ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mechanism of cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mechanisms of cr(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other techniques were used to characterize Si-Fh and cr(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that specific surface area of Si-Fh increases gradually with increasing Si/Fe ratios,but cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh decreases with increasing Si/Fe *** is because with an increase in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero charge of Si-Fh gradually decreases and electrostatic repulsion between Si-Fh and cr(Ⅵ)***,the complexation of cr(Ⅵ)is enhanced due to the increase in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with increasing Si/Fe molar ratio,which partly counteracts the effect of the electrostatic ***,the increase in the electrostatic repulsion has a greater impact on adsorption than the additional complexation with *** functional theory calculation further supports this observation,showing the increases in electron variation of bonding atoms and reaction energies of inner spherical complexes with the increase in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent chromium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio cr(Ⅵ)Adsorption

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核医学中的机器学习:第一部分——引言

中华核医学与分子影像杂志 2021年第8期41卷 501-506页

作者：陈文坤(译) 李雪娜李亚明(审校) 中国医科大学附属第一医院核医学科沈阳110001

该系列文章介绍了核医学背景下的机器学习(ML)。第一部分讨论了ML的历史,描述了常见的算法并举例说明ML何时可用于核医学。第二部分聚焦于ML在当下对核医学领域的贡献,讨论了未来对ML的预期和局限性,并对ML能做什么和不能做什么进行非... 详细信息

该系列文章介绍了核医学背景下的机器学习(ML)。第一部分讨论了ML的历史,描述了常见的算法并举例说明ML何时可用于核医学。第二部分聚焦于ML在当下对核医学领域的贡献,讨论了未来对ML的预期和局限性,并对ML能做什么和不能做什么进行非常严谨的评估。

关键词：机器学习人工智能核医学算法

中国急性冠状动脉综合征患者治疗和预后的地区差异:来自国家胸痛中心的证据

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Science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1302-1312页

作者：周书铎张岩董雪洁马郡雄李娜史红 Sidney c.smith Jr 金音子许铭向定成郑志杰霍勇 Department of Global Health Peking University School of Public HealthBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of cardiology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China chinese Medical Association Beijing 100052China Division of cardiovascular Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599-3140USA Department of cardiology General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLAGuangzhou 510010China

Regional variations in acute coronary syndrome(AcS) management and outcomes have been an enormous public health issue. However, studies have yet to explore how to reduce the variations. The National chest Pain center Program(NcPcP) is the first nationwide, hospital-based, comprehensive, continuous quality improvement program for improving the quality of care in patients with AcS in china. We evaluated the association of NcPcP and regional variations in AcS healthcare using generalized linear mixed models and interaction analysis. Patients in the Western region had longer onset-to-first medical contact(FMc) time and time stay in non-percutaneous coronary intervention(PcI) hospitals, lower rates of PcI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients, and higher rates of medication *** in central regions had relatively lower in-hospital mortality and in-hospital heart failure *** in the door-to-balloon time(Dto B) and in-hospital mortality between Western and Eastern regions were less after accreditation(β =-8.82, 95% confidence interval(cI)-14.61 to-3.03;OR = 0.79, 95%cI 0.70 to 0.91). Similar results were found in differences in Dto B time, primary PcI rate for STEMI between central and Eastern regions. The differences in PcI for higher-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-AcS) patients among different regions had been ***, the differences in medication use between Eastern and Western regions were higher after accreditation. Regional variations remained high in this large cohort of patients with AcS from hospitals participating in the NcPcP in china. More comprehensive interventions and hospital internal system optimizations are needed to further reduce regional variations in the management and outcomes of patients with AcS.

关键词： Acute coronary syndromes Quality improvement Regional variations Quality metrics

A new view of the local Universe

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 167-168页

作者： Lister Staveley-smith International centre for Radio Astronomy Research(IcRAR) University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia ARc centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics(ASTRO 3D) Crawley WA 6009Australia

The distribution and kinematics of gas in and around dark matter halos, the formation of stellar populations from the gravitational collapse of gas clouds, and the interaction of stars and their remnants with interste... 详细信息

关键词： galaxies stars galactic

comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton cody J.Salzmann Joseph E.Kaiser Shannon c.F.smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P carp period as reflected by boat electrofishing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

Harnessing endothelial cells and vascularization strategies for nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2337-2338页

作者： Papon Muangsanit Poppy smith Virology and cell Technology Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)PathumthaniThailand UcL centre for Nerve Engineering UCLLondonUK Department of Pharmacology UCL School of PharmacyUCLLondonUK

Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system,transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body *** resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor *** injuries,particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue,pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and *** their limitations,including limited availability and donor site morbidity,nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries.

关键词： injuries nerves donor