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Anthropogenic Pedofeature in Andosols in Santome Shinden, One of the Representative Sites of the Satoyama Environment in Japan

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第12期12卷 586-604页

作者： Takao Shibusawa kenji tamura Maki Asano Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Tsukuba Center Japan International Cooperation Agency Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

Santome Shinden, a representative site of the Satoyama landscape in Japan, has its origins in 1696 when the common land of wild grass on the Musashino plateau was developed into a strip-shaped land division, which consists of residential area, upland field, and secondary forest. We investigated soils with different land use over 300 years;they are under the secondary forest, and in the upland field where fallen leaves compost derived from secondary forest has been applied continuously for about 300 years since the development. The measured exchangeable cation values suggested that the nutrients in the secondary forest were taken out to the field as fallen leaves. On the surface layer of the upland field soil, characteristic granules of dark brown coated peds (DBC peds) were developed strongly. However, on the surface layer of the secondary forest soil, the DBC peds were not found. Electron probe micro analyzer analysis showed that the outside (dark brown part) of the DBC peds, which was observed only in the upland fields was rich in carbon. The dark brown coated pedofeature was suggested to have an anthropogenic effect due to the long-term application of fallen leaves compost. The anthropogenic activities, which were fallen leaves compost application and cultivation for about 300 years, were thought to affect the soil micromorphology. Therefore, the peds newly found in the Santome shinden field were considered to be a soil microstructure that symbolizes anthropogenic activities.

关键词： Anthropogenic Pedofeature Fallen Leaves Compost Long-Term Cultivation Satoyama Soil Micromorphology

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Morphological Feature and Physicochemical Characteristics of Soils under Festuca spp. Dominant Steppe at High Mountain and Mountain of Khuvsgul, Mongolia

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第9期12卷 446-474页

作者： Saruul Narangerel Undarmaa Jamsran Maki Asano kenji tamura School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Center for Ecosystem Studies Mongolian University of Life Sciences Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

The morphology, physicochemical, humic substances and micromorphological characteristics of four soil profiles of the steppe dominant by Festuca lenensis (F. lenensis) at the high mountain and mountain of Khuvsgul, Mongolia were studied. Soils were classified as Regosols and Leptosols at high mountain steppe, Leptosols and Cambisols at mountain steppe. On a high mountain, the plant root distribution, OC, N and moisture contents were high due to its high precipitation and low temperature. The soils show immature characteristics with low available nutrients, weakly developed crumb structure, many semi- and undecomposed plant residues, and few little organic pigments with few excrements. The humic acids with immature to degraded characteristics indicate that the climatic condition of high mountains inhibits the soil decomposition process. Due to extremely different landform positions, there a sharp difference was observed between studied soils on high mountain steppe. On the summit with a flat position, the soil of TSO1 showed finer soil texture with higher CEC, exchangeable Mg2+ and humification degree of SOM compared with the soil of TSO2, which located on the steep slope. This confirms that the abrupt changes in landform on high mountain strongly affect the properties of topsoil. On the mountain steppe, the soil contains higher exchangeable Na+, exchangeable K+ and water soluble at topsoil;however, the plant root distribution, OC, N and moisture contents were lower than that of high mountain soil. Because of warmer air and soil temperature in comparison with that of high elevation, active turnover in humic horizon and chemical weathering process lead to higher available nutrients in mountain steppe. The degraded to well humified characteristics of humic acid, moderately developed crumb structure, a higher component of little organic pigment and many intact excrements indicate that the soil decomposition process and biological activit

关键词： Soil Micromorphology Soil Physicochemical Festuca lenensis Mountain Steppe Khuvsgul

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Hydrothermal Formation of Lath-Shaped Trioctahedral Smectite with High Crystallinity

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第2期80卷 290-295页

作者： Hirohisa YAMADA kenji tamura Shingo YOKOYAMA Yujiro WATANABE Ecomaterials Center Nuclear Fuel Cycle Back-end Research Center College of Environmental Engineering and Architecture

Lath-shaped and highly crystalline trioctahedral smectites were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The quenched glasses with stoichiometrically dehydrated Na-smectite compositions were treated at （a） 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 and 11 days; and （b） 300℃ and 100 MPa for 7 days. The crystallinity and particle size of products were dependent on the chemical composition of the starting glass, synthetic temperature and duration of hydrothermal treatment. The high structural ordering and large dimensions of the products were confirmed from the sharpness of XRD peaks; and hydration behavior under controlled relative humidity. Transmission electron microscopy was also performed for the characterization of the particle size of product. Particle sizes vary from ca. 10 nm to a few pm by changing the chemical compositions of the starting materials. The product with the highest structural ordering and largest dimension was obtained from Nao.33（Mg1.83Al0.67）Si4O11 glass treated at 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 day. The obtained results also confirmed the metastability and compositional dependency in the formation of highly crystalline trioctahedral smectite at hydrothermal conditions.

关键词： high crystallinity hydration behavior hydrothermal formation lath-shaped trioctahedral smectite

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Diagnosis and management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in von Hippel-Lindau disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第36期16卷 4515-4518页

作者： kenji tamura Isao Nishimori Tetsuhide Ito Ichiro Yamasaki Hisato Igarashi Taro Shuin Department of Urology Kochi Medical SchoolNankokuKochi 783-8505Japan Nishimori's Clinic SakawaKochi 789-1233Japan Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityHigashi-kuFukuoka 812-8582Japan

The pancreatic manifestations seen in patients with von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) disease are subdivided into 2 categories:pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(NET),and cystic lesions,including simple cyst and serous *** VHL-associated cystic lesions are generally asymptomatic and do not require any treatment,unless they are indistinguishable from other cystic tumor types with malignant *** pancreatic NET in VHL disease are non-functioning and have malignant potential,it is of clinical importance to find and diagnose these as early as *** will be recommended that comprehensive surveillance using dynamic computed tomography for abdominal manifestations,including pancreatic NET,should start from the age of 15 years in VHL *** sporadic non-functioning NET without VHL disease,in which surgical resection is generally recommended,VHL patients at lower metastatic risk of pancreatic NET should be spared the risks of operative resection.

关键词： Von Hippel-Lindau disease Pancreas Neuroendocrine tumor,Diagnosis Clinical protocols

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Responses in gross primary production of Stipa krylovii and Allium polyrhizum to a temporal rainfall in a temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第6期11卷 824-836页

作者： HU Xiaoxing Mitsuru HIROTA Wuyunna Kiyokazu KAWADA LI Hao MENG Shikang kenji tamura Takashi KAMIJO Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8572Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8572Japan College of Environment and Resources Dalian Minzu UniversityDalian 116600China

In the arid and semi-arid areas of China, rainfall and drought affect the growth and photosynthetic activities of *** primary productivity(GPP) is one of the most important indices that measure the photosynthetic ability of *** paper focused on the GPP of two representative grassland species(Stipa krylovii *** Allium polyrhizum *** Regel) to demonstrate the effect of a temporal rainfall on the two *** research was conducted in a temperate grassland in New Barag Right Banner, Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, in a dry year *** measured net ecosystem productivity(NEP) and ecosystem respiration flux(ER) using a transparent chamber system and monitored the photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), air and soil temperature and humidity *** on the measured values of NEP and ER, we calculated the GPP of the two species before and after the *** saturated GPP per aboveground biomass(GPPAGB) of *** remarkably increased from 0.033(±0.018) to 0.185(±0.055) μmol CO2/(gdw·s) by 5.6-fold and that of *** decreased from 0.068(±0.021) to 0.034(±0.011) μmol CO2/(gdw·s) by 0.5-fold on the 1st and 2nd d after a 9.1 mm rainfall event compared to the values before the rainfall at low temperatures below 35℃.However, on the 1st and 2nd d after the rainfall, both of the saturated GPPAGB values of *** and *** were significantly lower at high temperatures above 35℃(0.018(±0.007) and 0.110(±0.061) μmol CO2/(gdw·s), respectively) than at low temperatures below 35℃(0.034(±0.011) and 0.185(±0.055) μmol CO2/(gdw·s), respectively).The results showed that the GPP responses to the temporal rainfall differed between *** and *** and strongly negative influenced by *** temporal rainfall seems to be more effective on the GPP of *** than *** differences might be related to the different physiological and structural features, the coexi

关键词： temperate grassland gross primary productivity temporal rainfall survival strategy dry year drought

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Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Effects on POMS by Whether or Not Soil Observation Was Performed

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第1期4卷 36-41页

作者： Kazuyo Hanyu kenji tamura Hidetoshi Mori Biosphere Resource Science and Technology Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Biosphere Resource Science and Technology Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Division of Health Sciences Graduate School of Technology and Science Tsukuba University of Technology Tsukuba Japan.

Introduction: The effects of performing soil observation on autonomic nerve function (ANS) and the profile of mood states (POMS) particularly for upsurge of sentiment were studied table. Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: Group A with soil observation, and Group B without it. Soil observation was performed by smelling soil, touching the soil and other ways. Evaluation was made using heart rate change variability, POMS and visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Group A showed an increase in high frequency (HF) and the LF (low frequency)/HF ratio and a decrease in heart rate, leading to activating the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system. VAS values for “not comforted at all” indicated that the scale was lower in Group A than in Group B. In POMS, a factor of “vigor” became lower in Group B than in Group A. Discussion: It was suggested that soil observation was effective in bringing people to a state of physiological and mental relaxation and reducing stress because it raised the degree of being comforted, increased HF, decreased the heart rate and activated the parasympathetic nervous system. Conclusions: By performing soil observation, the heart rate decreased, HF increased and an upsurge sentiment became normalized.

关键词： Soil Observation Heart Rate Variability Autonomic Nerve Function Profile of Mood States (POMS) Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

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Physiological and Psychological Effects of Scent of Soil on Human Beings

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第9期7卷 235-244页

作者： Tateyuki Morisawa Kazuyo Hanyu Hidetoshi Mori kenji tamura Biosphere Resource Science and Technology Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Division of Health Sciences Graduate School of Technology and Science Tsukuba University of Technology Tsukuba Japan

This study examines heart rate and heart rate fluctuation when subjects are presented with the scent of soil and their psychological changes as expressed by scores of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as indexes. In the experiment, we directed the subjects to rest in a sitting position for 5 min. (Pre.), to smell the scent for 1 min. (No Stim., Stim.), and to rest in a sitting position for 15 min. (Post 5, Post 10, Post 15). Psychological evaluation was performed before and after the experiment (Pre., Post). The scent stimulation was made by opening/closing a bottle with screw-on cap that contained the soil. In the control group, the bottle is always closed. In the stimulus group, the bottle was opened only at the time of Stim. For the physiological evaluation, although we could observe no change in the control group, in the stimulation group, the subjects’ heart rates decreased at Stim. and Post 15. For the psychological evaluation, VAS scores of “Feel relaxed” and “Feel soothed” increased and POMS scores of “Strain-Uneasiness”, “Anger-Hostility”, and “Confusion” decreased. In open-ended questions, some of the subjects recalled memories of insect-collecting, horticulture, forests and parks. There was a negative correlation between heart rate decrease (Stim.) and increase in the VAS scores of “Feel relaxed” (r = -0.896, p < 0.001) and “Feel soothed” (r = -0.684, p = 0.014). The healing effects from the scent of soil included subjects’ memories that were considered to have influenced the heart rate.

关键词： Soil Heart Rate Variability POMS VAS Autobiographical Memory

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Application of High Carbon:Nitrogen Material Enhanced the Formation of the Soil A Horizon and Nitrogen Fixation in a Tropical Agricultural Field

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第12期5卷 1172-1181页

作者： Masato Oda kenji tamura Hiroko Nakatsuka Miki Nakata Yukimi Hayashi Livestock & Environment Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan Sitio TKM Sao Paulo Brazil

It is known that cropping causes soil carbon loss, which is a critical issue, especially in tropical agriculture. Nitrogen input generally increases net primary production but does not increase soil carbon content because nitrogen input enhances soil organic carbon mineralization by microorganisms. A farmer conducted a trial in which he applied material with a high carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio without additional nitrogen fertilizer, and achieved a higher productivity than that of conventional farms. Based on his results, we conducted a survey to evaluate the effects of high C:N ratio organic material on the productivity, soil profile, microbial activity, and carbon and nitrogen balance of soil. Results demonstrate that high C:N ratio organic material enhanced the formation of the soil A horizon and increased soil carbon and nitrogen content. Approximately, 15 - 20 t·ha-1·crop-1 of fresh waste mushroom bed was applied to 15 crops over 4.5 years, and the total input of carbon and nitrogen were 5014 and 129 g·m-2, respectively. The soil nitrate nitrogen concentration was the same as that of the neighboring forest soil, which was lower than the standard limit for conventional agriculture;however, the average productivity of crops was approximately four times that of the national average. The soil Ap horizon increased in thickness by 7 cm, and aggregates reached a thickness of 29 cm in 4.5 years. The output/input ratios of total soil nitrogen and carbon were approximately 2.68 - 6.00 and 1.30 - 2.35, respectively, indicating that this method will maintain the carbon and nitrogen balance of the system. The observed soil microbial activity was one order of magnitude higher than that of a fallow field. The results indicate that this agricultural method remediates soil degradation, and improves food production.

关键词： Carbon Food Security Microorganisms Nitrogen Soil Degradation

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Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 70-79页

作者： Yandong Hou Hao Long Sumiko Tsukamoto Zhengyao Lu Jie Chen Daniel EIbarra Toru tamura Qiong Zhang Weiyi Sun Jingran Zhang Lei Gao Manfred Frechen Ji Shen State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(NIGLAS)Nanjing 210008China Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics(LIAG) Department of Geochronology30655 HannoverGermany Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University22100 LundSweden Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute at Brown for Environment and Society and Department of Earth Environmentaland Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Geological Survey of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbaraki 305-8567Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of TokyoKashiwaChiba 277-8561Japan Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University10691 StockholmSweden School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityJiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationKey Laboratory of Virtual Geographic EnvironmentMinistry of Education of ChinaNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The remote forcing from land surface changes in the Sahara is hypothesized to play a pivotal role in modulating the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)through ocean-atmospheric *** modulation has far-reaching consequences,particularly in facilitating societal shifts documented in northern ***,we present a well-dated lake-level record from the Daihai Lake Basin in northern China,providing quantitative assessments of Holocene monsoonal precipitation and the consequent migrations of the northern boundary of the *** reconstruction,informed by a water-and-energy balance model,indicates that annual precipitation reached700 mm during 8–5 ka,followed by a rapid decline to tween 5 and 4 *** shift coherently aligns with a signi550 mm be-ficant300 km northwestward movement of the EASM northern boundary during the Middle Holocene(MH),in contrast to its current *** findings underscore that these changes cannot be entirely attributed to orbital forcing,as corroborated by simulation *** model simulations deployed in our study suggest that the presence of the Green Sahara during the MH significantly strengthened the EASM and led to a northward shift of the monsoon rainfall ***,the Sahara’s reversion to a desert landscape in the late Holocene was accompanied by a corresponding southward retraction of monsoon *** dramatic hydroclimate changes during5–4 ka likely triggered or at least contributed to a shift in Neolithic cultures and societal transformation in northern *** decreasing agricultural productivity,communities transitioned from millet farming to a mixed rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry ***,our findings elucidate not only the variability of the EASM but also the profound implications of a remote forcing,such as surface transformations of the Sahara,on climatic changes and cultural evolution in northern China.

关键词： Holocene monsoon abrupt

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热液合成板状高结晶度三八面体蒙脱石

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地质学报 2006年第4期80卷 616-616页

作者： Hirohisa YAMADA kenji tamura Shingo YOKOYAMA Yujiro WATANABE Ecomaterials Center National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan Nuclear Fuel Cycle Back-end Research Center Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry1646 AbikoChiba 270-1194Japan CollegeofEnvironmentalEngineeringandArchitecture

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