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LXR, PPAR<i>γ</i>, and PPAR<i>δ</i>Agonists Are Not Sufficient to Demonstrate Therapeutic Potential against Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2017年第2期7卷 128-136页

作者： Noriko Toyota Tatebe Katsue Sunahori Watanabe Sonia Zeggar Sumie Hiramatsu Minglu Yan Takayuki Katsuyama Eri Katsuyama Haruki Watanabe ken-ei sada Jun Wada Department of Nephrology Rheumatology Endocrinology and Metabolism Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan

Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the agonists for liver X receptor (LXR) ameliorate lupus-like phenotypes in mice mediated by the clearance of apoptotic cells, and compare with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ plus PPARδ agonists, which also facilitate the clearance of apoptotic cells and exert anti-inflammatory effects in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: We investigated the efficacy of LXR agonist (GW3965) or dual treatment of PPARγ (pioglitazone) and PPARδ (GW0742) agonists in SLE animal models, female MRL/MpJ-Fas/J mice and BALB/cAJcl mice treated with pristane. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests. Results: The treatment with LXR or PPARγ/δ agonists did not significantly alter the swelling of lymph nodes, ds-DNA production, albuminuria, histological score of glomerular lesions, and mRNA expression of target genes including Abca1, C1qa, Icam1, Mertk and Tnf. Conclusion: LXR or PPARγ/δ agonists targeting the impaired clearance for apoptosis cells may not be efficient in the remission induction therapy in SLE.

关键词： Nuclear Receptors Liver X Receptor (LXR) Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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Effects of sun compass error on spatial search by Clark’s nutcrackers

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 172-181页

作者： Debbie M.KELLY ken CHENG Russell BALDA Alan C.KAMIL Department of Psychology University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffUSA Department of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnUSA

Animals employ compasses during navigation,but little attention has been paid to how accuracy is maintained in the face of compass error,which is inevitable in biological *** use of multiple landmarks may minimize the effect of compass *** allowed Clark’s nutcrackers to cache seeds in an outdoor aviary with either one or four landmarks present,and subsequently subjected them to small clock-shifts mimicking the effects of compass *** predicted,the results showed a significant decrease in search accuracy following the clock-shift when one landmark was present but not when four landmarks were *** results support that nutcrackers encode information from the sun as well as terrestrial landmarks,and these spatial cues are used in a flexible ***,our results are important as they support the hypothesis that multiple landmarks may be used during situations where the sun compass has even a small amount of error.

关键词： Clark’s nutcracker clock-shift error landmarks sun compass

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Antimicrobial activity of PVP from an Antarctic bacterium, Janthinobacterium sp. Ant5-2, on multi-drug and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2012年第3期2卷 104-110页

作者： Jonathan P.HUANG Nazia MOJIB Rakesh R.GOLI Samantha WATKINS ken B.WAITES Rasik RAVINDRA Dale T.ANDERSEN Asim K.BEJ Department of Biology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294-1170USA Department of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294-1170USA National Centre for Antarctic&Ocean Research Head Land SadaVasco-da-Gama Goa 403804India Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe SETI InstituteMountain ViewCA 94043USA Red Sea Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Multiple drug resistant(MDR)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)have become increasingly prevalent as a community acquired *** a result limited treatment options are available with conventional synthetic *** natural products with potent antimicrobial activity show promise for developing new drugs against this *** this study,we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of a purple violet pigment(PVP)from an Antarctic bacterium,Janthinobacterium ***5-2 on 15 clinical MDR and MRSA *** colorimetric resazurin assay was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC90)of PVP against MDR and *** MIC90 ranged between 1.57μg/mL and 3.13μg/mL,which are significantly lower than many antimicrobials tested from natural sources against this *** spectrophotometrically determined growth analysis and total microscopic counts using Live/dead®BacLight™fluorescent stain exhibited a steady decrease in viability of both MDR and MRSA cultures following treatment with PVP at the MIC *** silico predictive molecular docking study revealed that PVP could be a DNA-targeting minor groove binding antimicrobial *** continued development of novel antimicrobials derived from natural sources with the combination of a suite of conventional antibiotics could stem the rising pandemic of MDR and MRSA along with other deadly microbial pathogens.

关键词： natural product bacterial pigment resazurin assay minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)

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