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The Lateral Occipital Complex is Activated by Melody with Accompaniment: Foreground and Background Segregation in Auditory Processing

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2011年第3期1卷 94-101页

作者： Masayuki Satoh Katsuhiko Takeda ken nagata Hidekazu Tomimoto 不详

Objective: Most of the western music consists of a melody and an accompaniment. The melody is referred to as the foreground, with the accompaniment the background. In visual processing, the lateral occipital complex (LOC) is known to participate in foreground and background segregation. We investigated the role of LOC in music processing with use of positron emission tomography (PET). Method: Musically na?ve subjects listened to unfamiliar novel melodies with (accompaniment condition) and without the accompaniment (melodic condition). Using a PET subtraction technique, we studied changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during the accompaniment condition compared to the melodic condition. Results: The accompanyment condition was associated with bilateral increase of rCBF at the lateral and medial surfaces of both occipital lobes, medial parts of fusiform gyri, cingulate gyri, precentral gyri, insular cortices, and cerebellum. During the melodic condition, the activation at the anterior and posterior portions of the temporal lobes, medial surface of the frontal lobes, inferior frontal gyri, orbitofrontal cortices, inferior parietal lobules, and cerebellum was observed. Conclusions: The LOC participates in recognition of melody with accompaniment, a phenomenon that can be regarded as foreground and background segregation in auditory processing. The fusiform cortex which was known to participate in the color recognition might be activated by the recognition of flourish sounds by the accompaniment, compared to melodic condition. It is supposed that the LOC and fusiform cortex play similar functions beyond the difference of sensory modalities.

关键词： Music Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Melody Accompaniment Foreground and Background Segregation Lateral Occipital Complex (LOC)

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轻度阿尔茨海默病患者连线试验与SPECT脑灌注成像的相关性研究

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医学临床研究 2015年第6期32卷 1041-1044页

作者：王宇焦劲松刘尊敬 ken nagata 中日友好医院神经内科北京100022 日本秋田县立脑血管研究所神经科日本秋田县

【目的】探讨轻度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者连线试验（TMT ）所涉及的神经功能脑区。【方法】选择轻度 AD 患者43例，进行 TMT ：A（TMT‐A）和 B 测试（TMT‐B），根据 TMT‐B ∶ A 比值分为两组，TMT‐B ∶A ≥3患者22例（高分组）和 TM... 详细信息

【目的】探讨轻度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者连线试验（TMT ）所涉及的神经功能脑区。【方法】选择轻度 AD 患者43例，进行 TMT ：A（TMT‐A）和 B 测试（TMT‐B），根据 TMT‐B ∶ A 比值分为两组，TMT‐B ∶A ≥3患者22例（高分组）和 TMT‐B ∶ A ＜3患者21例（低分组）。比较两组年龄、教育程度、简易精神状态（MMSE）评分、长谷川痴呆量表修订版（HDS）评分、阿尔茨海默病评定量表认知部分（ADAS‐cog）评分、脑单光子发射计算机断层成像（SPECT ）结果等。【结果】高分组和低分组在年龄、教育程度、MMSE 评分、HDS 评分、ADAS‐cog 评分及 TMT‐B 比较均无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）；高分组的 TMT‐A 明显低于低分组，而TMT‐B ∶ A 均明显高于低分组（ P ＜0．05）。 SPM 分析显示高分组在双侧前额叶内侧、前扣带回、及上顶叶后部局部脑血流量（rCBF）较低分组显著下降（ t ＝2．420803，P ＜0．01，未纠正）。【结论】在轻度 AD 患者中TMT‐B ∶ A 值高者 TMT 神经心理功能相对应的脑区与双侧前额叶内侧、前扣带回血流灌注量下降。

关键词：认知障碍记忆障碍脑/放射性核素显像脑血管循环阿尔茨海默病/放射性核素显像

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Soluble ST2 protein inhibits LPS stimulation on monocyte-derived dendritic cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第5期9卷 399-409页

作者： Akihisa nagata Naoki Takezako Hiroyuki Tamemoto Hiromi Ohto-Ozaki SatoshiOhta Shin-ichi Tominaga ken Yanagisawa Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke-shi Tochigi Japan Hematology Division National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center of Japan Tachikawa-shi Tokyo Japan

ST2 protein is a soluble splicing variant of ST2L protein, which is the receptor for interleukin-33 （IL-33）. Previously, we reported that soluble ST2 suppressed the signal transduction of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and cytokine production in monocytic cells. To investigate whether or not this inhibitory effect occurs in dendritic cells, which are the key players in innate and adaptive immunity, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells were pre-treated with soluble ST2 protein before LPS stimulation. Although soluble ST2 did not attenuate the LPS-induced maturation of dendritic cells, pre-treatment with soluble ST2 suppressed cytokine production and inhibited LPS signaling. Moreover, the proliferation of naive T cells was inhibited significantly by soluble ST2 pre-treatment. IL-33 had little effect on the cytokine production of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Furthermore, soluble ST2 protein was internalized into dendritic cells, suggesting that soluble ST2 protein acts by a noncanonical mechanism other than the sequestration of IL-33.

关键词： dendritic cells LPS signal transduction ST2 TLR4

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Immunological milieu in the peritoneal cavity at laparotomy for gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第13期18卷 1470-1478页

作者： Akira Yoneda Shinichiro Ito Seiya Susumu Mitsutoshi Matsuo ken Taniguchi Yoshitsugu Tajima Susumu Eguchi Takashi Kanematsu Yasuhiro nagata Department of Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki 852-8051Japan Department of Surgery Yamaguchi Prefectural Medical CenterYamaguchi 747-8511Japan Department of Surgery National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical CenterNagasaki 856-8562Japan

AIM： To investigate the immunological repertoire in the peritoneal cavity of gastric cancer patients. METHODS： The peritoneal cavity is a compartment in which immunological host-tumor interactions can occur. However, the role of lymphocytes in the peri- toneal cavity of gastric cancer patients is unclear. We observed 64 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer and 11 patients who underwent lapa-roscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones and acted as controls. Lymphocytes isolated from both peripheral blood and peritoneal lavage were analyzed for surface markers of lymphocytes and their cytokine production by flow cytometry. CD4＋CD25h＋gh T cells isolated from the patient＇s peripheral blood were co-cultivated for 4 d with the intra-peritoneal lymphocytes, and a cytokine assay was performed. RESULTS： At gastrectomy, CCR7-CD45RA- CD8＋ effector memory T cells were observed in the peritoneal cavity. The frequency of CD4＋ CD25 h＋ghT ceils in both the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity was elevated in patients at advanced stage [control vs stage IV in the peripheral blood： 6.89 （3.39-10.4） vs 15.34 （11.37-19.31）, P 〈 0.05, control vs stage IV in the peri- toneal cavity： 8.65 （5.28-12.0） vs 19.56 （14.81-24.32）, P 〈 0.05]. On the other hand, the suppression was restored with CD4＋ CD25h＋QhT cells from their own pe- ripheral blood. This study is the first to analyze lympho- cyte and cytokine production in the peritoneal cavity in patients with gastric cancer. Immune regulation at ad- vanced stage is reversible at the point of gastrectomy. CONCLUSION： The immunological milieu in the peri- toneal cavity of patients with advanced gastric cancer elicited a Th2 response even at gastrectomy, but this response was reversible.

关键词： Cytokines Gastric cancer Lymphocytes Peri-toneal cavity Regulatory T cell

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Randomized study of lafutidine vs lansoprazole in patients with mild gastroesophageal reflux disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第23期22卷 5430-5435页

作者： Ryuta Takenaka Hiroyuki Okada Seiji Kawano Yoshinori Komazawa Fumiya Yoshinaga Shinji nagata Masafumi Inoue Hirohisa Komatsu Seiji Onogawa Yoshinori Kushiyama Shinichi Mukai Hiroko Todo Hideharu Okanobu Noriaki Manabe Shinji Tanaka ken Haruma Yoshikazu Kinoshita Department of Gastroenterology Tsuyama Chuo Hospital Tsuyama 708-0841 Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama 708-0841 Japan Division of Internal Medicine Izumo City General Medical Center Izumo 691-0003 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Mihara Red Cross Hospital Mihara 723-0011 Japan Department of Endoscopy Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital Hiroshima 731-0293 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Okayama Red Cross Hospital Okayama 700-0941 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Hiroshima General Hospital Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Onomichi General Hospital Onomichi 722-8508 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Matsue Red Cross Hospital Matsue 690-8506 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Miyoshi Central Hospital Miyoshi 728-0023 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center Hiroshima 739-0651 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Chugoku Rosai Hospital Kure 737-0134 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Kurashiki 701-0192 Japan Department of Endoscopy Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan Department of General Internal Medicine 2 Kawasaki Hospital Kawasaki Medical School Okayama 708-0841 Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shimane University Hospital Izumo 693-0021 Japan

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy of the secondgeneration H2 RA lafutidine with that of lansoprazole in Japanese patients with mild gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). METHODS: Patients with symptoms of GERD and a diagnosis of grade A reflux esophagitis(according to the Los Angeles classification) were randomized to receive lafutidine(10 mg, twice daily) or lansoprazole(30 mg, once daily) for an initial 8 wk, followed by maintenance treatment comprising half-doses of the assigned drug for 24 wk. The primary endpoint was the frequency and severity of heartburn during initial and maintenance treatment. The secondary endpoints were the sum score of questions 2 and 3 in the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS), and the satisfaction ***: Between April 2012 and March 2013, a total of 53 patients were enrolled, of whom 24 and 29 received lafutidine and lansoprazole, respectively. After 8 wk, the frequency and severity of heartburn was significantly reduced in both groups. However, lafutidine was significantly inferior to lansoprazole with regard to the severity of heartburn during initial and maintenance treatment(P = 0.016). The sum score of questions 2 and 3 in the GSRS, and satisfaction scores were also significantly worse in the lafutidine group than the lansoprazole group(P = 0.0068 and P = 0.0048, respectively).CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy of lafutidine was inferior to that of lansoprazole, even in Japanese patients with mild GERD.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Proton pump inhibitors Histamine receptor-2 antagonists Los Angeles classification

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Arterial Imaging in Digital Gangrenes Associated with Scleroderma-Spectrum Disorders

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2012年第2期2卷 21-25页

作者： Naoko nagata Atsushi Tanemura Hiroki Higashihara Yorihisa Kotobuki Hiroyuki Murota Mamori Tani ken Igawa Ichiro Katayama Department of Dermatology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Japan Department of Radiology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Japan

Objectives: Digital refractory gangrene is rarely found in collagen diseases, including systemic sclerosis and is possibly caused by similar underlying vascular damage in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) such as arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and/or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) by unclarified mechanisms other than vasculitis and thrombosis. This study evaluated the radiological imaging in patients with digital gangrene associated with collagen disease and compared the images with those of PAD based on the results of laboratory and histopathological examinations. Methods: Angiography, MR angiography and/or CT angiography were performed on 6 patients with refractory gangrene or extensive ulcers accompanied by scleroderma-spectrum disorders;3 with diffuse systemic sclerosis, 1 with limited systemic sclerosis, 1 with overlap syndrome and 1 with Sj?gren’s syndrome. Results: Although the vascular alterations in collagen diseases were similar to those in PAD, the abnormal image findings (occlusion or stenosis of the arteries with smooth vessel walls) found in collagen diseases did not include atheromatous plaque, which are worm-like vessels that are characteristic of those observed in PAD. Conclusions: Some cases of digital gangrene seen in collagen diseases show similar vascular imaging patterns to those of PAD and comprehensive examinations including arterial imaging can be useful for the diagnosis of these unrecognized vascular changes other than vasculitis or digital thrombosis.

关键词： Arterial Imaging Analysis Digital Gangrene Scleroderma-Spectrum Disorders

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Protein and non-protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in gastric mucosa and liver after gastrotoxic chemicals and sucralfate: Possible new targets of pharmacologic agents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2053-2060页

作者： Lajos Nagy Miki nagata Sandor Szabo Departments of Pathology Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ServiceDiagnostic & Molecular Medicine HCGVA Medical Center9901 East 7th St. Long BeachCA 90822United States Depts. of 3rd Internal Medicine and Family MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PecsH-7632 PecsHungary Departments of Pathology Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ServiceDiagnostic & Molecular Medicine HCGVA Medical Center9901 East 7th St. Long BeachCA 90822United States

AIM： To investigate the role of major non-protein and protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in chemically induced gastric hemorrhagic mucosal lesions （HML） and the mechanism of gastroprotective effect of sucralfate.METHODS： Rats were given 1 mL of 75% ethanol, 25%NaCl, 0.6 mol/L HCI, 0.2 mol/L NaOH or 1% ammonia solutions intragastrically （i.g.） and sacrificed 1, 3, 6 or 12 min later. Total （reduced and oxidized） glutathione （GSH ＋ GSSG）, glutathione disulfide （GSSG）, protein free sulfhydryls （PSH）, protein-glutathione mixed disulfides （PSSG） and protein cystine disulfides （PSSP） were measured in gastric mucosa and liver.RESULTS： Reduced glutathione （GSH） was depleted in the gastric mucosa after ethanol, HCI or NaCl exposure,while oxidized glutathione （GSSG） concentrations increased, except by HCI and NaOH exposure. Decreased levels of PSH after exposure to ethanol were observed,NaCl or NaOH while the total protein disulfides were increased. Ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione or sulfhydrils to disulfides were decreased by all *** changes in thiol homeostasis were detected in the liver after i.g. abbreviation should be spelled out the first time here administration of ethanol. Sucralfate increased the concentrations of GSH and PSH and prevented the ethanol-induced changes in gastric mucosal thiol concentrations.CONCLUSION： Our modified methods are now suitable for direct measurements of major protein and nonprotein thiols/disulfides in the gastric mucosa or liver.A common element in the pathogenesis of chemically induced HML and in the mechanism of gastroprotective drugs seems to be the decreased ratios of reduced and oxidized glutathione as well as protein sulfhydryls and disulfides.

关键词： Non-protein and protein thiol Gastricmucosal injury Gastroprotection Sucralfate

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Health 2015年第12期7卷 1710-1720页

作者： Yumi Kuwamura Masuko Sumikawa Tetsuya Tanioka Toshihiko nagata Eijiro Sakamoto Hiromi Murata Munehide Matsuhisa ken-ichi Aihara Daisuke Hinode Hirokazu Uemura Hirokazu Ito Yuko Yasuhara Rozzano Locsin Department of Nursing Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences Hokkaido Japan Department of Periodontology and Endodontology Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan Former Tokushima University Hospital Tokushima Japan Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center Tokushima University Tokushima Japan Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan Department of Preventive Medicine Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan

Although some studies had suggested a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, there were no appropriate tools for nurses to evaluate oral status and oral health behaviors in patients with diabetes. Therefore, the Diabetes Oral Health Assessment Tool (DiO-HAT ?) was developed with items contributed by health care professionals (diabetologists, periodontal specialists, a preventive dentist, a Certified Nurse in Diabetes Nursing, a national registered dietitian, registered nurses, a dental hygienist, and nursing researchers) who were involved in the medical care of patients with diabetes. Subsequently, a survey of 700 Diabetes Nurse Specialists (DNS) was conducted to determine their score of recognition and implementation of the DiOHAT ?, however, 304 participants (43.4%) responded. Constructive concept validation and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for all assessment items were 0.931, indicating high reliability: Factor 1, Patient’s oral health status (α = 0.831);Factor 2, Implementation of oral health behaviors (α = 0.890);Factor 3, Information transmission regarding dental visits (α = 0.862);and Factor 4, Perceptions and knowledge of oral health behaviors (α = 0.793). Although the mean score of recognition of DiOHAT ? was 3.5 ± 0.4 points, the mean value of the implementation score was 1.5 ± 0.5 points (obtained using a 4-grade scale). The implementation scores were significantly lower than the recognition scores for all items (p < 0.001). The findings suggested that the DNS were not inclined to implement all items of DiOHAT ?, despite recognizing their importance.

关键词： Diabetes Oral Health Behavior Oral Status Nursing Assessment Diabetes Nurse Specialist

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