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Women as Part of the Patriarchy： Masculinity, Women, andRelationships in Virginia Woolf＇s Novels

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2015年第4期3卷 201-210页

作者： David powers Corwin George Mason University Fairfax VA USA

This article focuses on three of Virginia Woolf＇s widely read novels, Jacob＇s Room, Mrs. Dalloway, and To theLighthouse. I focus on the male protagonists in the novels Jacob Flanders, Richard Dalloway, and Mr. Ramsay. Upto this point, literary studies and women＇s studies almost focus on the positive female characters in her works andignore the constructs of masculinity that she discusses in her fiction. Furthermore, critics do not critique the femalecharacters and take into consideration their role as perpetrators in the patriarchy in order to maintain the patriarchalregime. I argue that the female characters in these novels police the male characters in their performance ofmasculinity, which in turn makes them perpetrators of the same discourse that in turn oppresses them. In this article,I use theorists such as Judith Butler, Nancy Chodorow, and Judith （who now identifies as Jack） Halberstam todiscuss the sex/gender system and how women can hold oppressive roles within the patriarchy. Finally, I willconclude that Virginia Woolf needs more exposure with feminist theory and masculinity studies because of theradical characterizations of people she promotes in her fiction.

关键词： masculinity, patriarchy, Woolf

Effect of Y^(3+), Gd^(3+) and La^(3+) dopant ions on structural, optical and electrical properties of o-mullite nanoparticles

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第1期32卷 37-42页

作者： M.M.S.Sanad M.M.Rashad E.A.Abdel-Aal M.F.El-Shahat K.powers Central Metallurgical R & D Institute Particle Engineering Research Center University of Florida Faculty of Science Ain Shams University

Dielectric ceramics of M（x）Al6（1-x）Si2O13 doped mullite were synthesized via co-precipitation technique. The X-ray diffrac-tion profiles revealed that these nanoparticles were crystallized well and the volume of mullite unit cell was increased as a function of the ionic radius of dopant ion. TEM images showed regular orthorhombic crystal morphology for the pure mullite sample. Meanwhile, the doped samples exhibited slightly distorted crystal morphology of larger particle sizes. DSC thermograms evinced that the exo-thermic peak temperature of mullite was shifted to the lower value with M3＋ion insertion. The photoluminescence spectra were stud-ied for mullite samples, and it was found that the intensity of the emission spectra was affected by the M3＋ion type. It was found that, Y3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.01 in the radio wave frequency region （1 MHz）. Meanwhile, Gd3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.09 in the microwave frequency region （1 GHz）.

关键词： rare earths doped mullite photoluminescence crystallization temperature dielectric ceramics

Study on transient beam loading compensation for China ADS proton linac injectorⅡ

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第5期40卷 106-110页

作者：高郑何源王贤武常玮张瑞锋朱正龙张生虎陈奇 Tom powers Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049.China Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport NewsVA 23606USA

Significant transient beam loading effects were observed during beam commissioning tests of prototype II of the injector for the accelerator driven sub-critical （ADS） system, which took place at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, between October and December 2014. During these tests experiments were performed with continuous wave （CW） operation of the cavities with pulsed beam current, and the system was configured to make use of a prototype digital low level radio frequency （LLRF） controller. The system was originally operated in pulsed mode with a simple proportional plus integral and deviation （PID） feedback control algorithm, which was not able to maintain the desired gradient regulation during pulsed 10 mA beam operations. A unique simple transient beam loading compensation method which made use of a combination of proportional and integral （PI） feedback and feedforward control algorithm was implemented in order to significantly reduce the beam induced transient effect in the cavity gradients. The superconducting cavity field variation was reduced to less than 1.7% after turning on this control algorithm. The design and experimental results of this system are presented in this paper.

关键词： beam loading LLRF feedforward cavity FPGA

Positional cloning of PmCH1357 reveals the origin and allelic variation of the Pm2 gene for powdery mildew resistance in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2019年第6期7卷 771-783页

作者： Fang Chen Haiyan Jia Xiaojun Zhang Linyi Qiao Xin Li Jun Zheng Huijuan Guo Carol powers Liuling Yan Zhijian Chang College of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006ShanxiChina The Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Gene Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceShanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan 030031ShanxiChina Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Institute of Wheat Research Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesLinfen 041000ShanxiChina

Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approach to clone the major broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm CH1357 from wheat breeding line CH1357. Pm CH1357 was mapped to a 526 kb region containing only Traes CS5 D01 G044600. The Traes CS5 D01 G044600 sequence of the susceptibility allele in Taichung 29(TC29) was identical to that in Chinese Spring, whereas the sequence of the resistance allele in CH1357 was identical to Pm2a previously cloned from the germplasm Ulka/*8Cc. The susceptibility allele in TC29 contained a 7 bp deletion in exon 1, resulting in loss of 856 of the 1277 amino acids in the predicted nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing Pm2a *** CH1357/Pm2a sequence was also isolated from the Chinese wheat landraces and cultivars that were previously reported to possess the resistance gene Pm2b, Pm2c,PmLX66, or PmND399. The Pm CH1357/Pm2a resistance allele was present in 10 of 495 accessions in core germplasm and contemporary cultivars from China and the USA. A newly developed diagnostic marker for the 7 bp In Del in the resistance gene can be used to eliminate the susceptibility allele in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Map-based cloning Natural variation Bgt isolate E09 Triticum aestivum Molecular breeding

Next-generation mapping of the salicylic acid signaling hub and transcriptional cascade

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Molecular Plant 2024年第10期17卷 1558-1572页

作者： Jordan powers Xing Zhang Andres VReyes Raul Zavaliev Roni Ochakovski Shou-Ling Xu Xinnian Dong Howard Hughes Medical Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA University Program in Genetics and Genomics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Carnegie Institute for Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

For over 60 years,salicylic acid(SA)has been known as a plant immune signal required for basal and systemic acquired *** activates these immune responses by reprogramming∼20%of the transcriptome through ***,components in the NPR1 signaling hub,which appears as nuclear condensates,and the NPR1 signaling cascade have remained elusive due to difficulties in studying this transcriptional cofactor,whose chromatin association is indirect and likely *** overcome this challenge,we applied TurboID to divulge the NPR1 proxiome,which detected almost all known NPR1 interactors as well as new components of transcription-related *** of new components showed that chromatin remodeling and histone demethylation contribute to SA-induced ***,the NPR1 proxiome has a striking similarity to the proxiome of GBPL3 that is involved in SA synthesis,except for associated transcription factors(TFs),suggesting that common regulatory modules are recruited to reprogram specific transcriptomes by transcriptional cofactors,like NPR1,through binding to unique *** green fluorescent protein-tagged factor cleavage under target and release using nuclease(greenCUT&RUN)analyses showed that,upon SA induction,NPR1 initiates the transcriptional cascade primarily through association with TGACG-binding TFs to induce expression of secondary TFs,predominantly ***,WRKY54 and WRKY70 were identified to play a major role in inducing immune-output genes without interacting with NPR1 at the ***,loss of condensate formation function of NPR1 decreases its chromatin association and transcriptional activity,indicating the importance of condensates in organizing the NPR1 signaling hub and initiating the transcriptional ***,this study demonstrates how combinatorial applications of TurboID and stepwise greenCUT&RUN transcend traditional genetic methods to globally map signaling hubs and transcriptional cascades for in

关键词： salicylic acid-induced transcription NPR1 TGA WRKY TFs greenCUT&RUN TurbolD

Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yangsiding Wang Da Yang German Vargas G. Guangyou Hao Jennifer S.powers Yan Ke Qin Wang Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Biological Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insight into divergence in ecophysiological strategies among plant functional groups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen woody species contributes to physiological trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investigated 11 photosynthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits of 24 species including 8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 evergreen species. Deciduous species were grouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with high values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while evergreen species were grouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with high photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turgor loss point and water potential causing 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. Semideciduous species generally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiological characteristics when compared to deciduous and evergreen species. The physiological trait tradeoffs showed a close linkage to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our findings clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strategies among diverse savanna plants, suggesting a syndrome in multiple ecophysiology strategies across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat Gas exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley savanna

The mechanisms of color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of New World vultures

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： Nicholas M.Justyn Matthew J.powers Geoffrey E.Hill Kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez Scott A.Rush Department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA Department of Wildlife Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A determination of how the color of animal integument is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of *** mechanisms that give rise to the color of bare skin of New World vultures are largely ***,we investigate the source of color production in the bare skin of Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy,we found evidence that hemoglobin is the primary pigment responsible for the red coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Turkey Vultures,and that eumelanin is responsible for the black coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Black *** microscopy of incisional skin samples further supported these mechanisms of color production by revealing the presence of numerous blood vessels near the surface of the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of melanosomes in the skin of Black *** high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of both species with significantly higher total concentrations of carotenoids in the skin of Turkey Vultures compared to the skin of Black *** carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accumulated in integument and were present in low *** hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of the skin,but rather help to compensate for the lack of melanosomes found in Turkey Vulture *** presence of additional carotenoids may act as an antioxidant to minimize UV damage when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time when soaring and scavenging for food.

关键词： Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus Hemoglobin High performance liquid chromatography Melanosomes Skin biopsies

The 12th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第7期35卷 753-756页

作者： Matthew A.LAZZARA Jordan G.powers Carol A.COSTANZA David H.BROMWICH Scott CARPENTIER Steve R.COLWELL Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and Sciences Madison Area Technical College Madison WI 53704 USA Antarctic Meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80300 USA polar Meteorology Group Byrd Polar & Climate Research Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Bureau of Meteorology Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB3 0ET United Kingdom

*** The 12th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate（WAMC）,formerly known as the Antarctic Meteorological Observation,Modeling,and Forecasting（AMOMF）Workshop（AMOMFW）,was held at the National Center for Atmospheric Research（NCAR）in Boulder,Colorado,USA on 26–28 June *** annual workshop dates from 2006,and recent meetings have been the 10th AMOMF Workshop held in 2015 in Cambridge,

关键词： AWS The 12th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate SH

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Space Junk

英语沙龙（高中） 2014年第9期 52-53,60-61页

作者： Tony Helies Tom powers