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Gene flow among wild and cultivated common walnut(Juglans regia)trees in the Qinling Mountains revealed by microsatellite markers

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2189-2201页

作者： Huijuan Zhou Peng Zhao keith woeste Shuoxin Zhang College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069People’s Republic of China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center(HTIRC) Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University715 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Patterns of gene flow and gene introgres sion can be used to assess the risk of genetic pollution of wild forest trees from widespread cultivated trees.A comprehensive understanding of the genetic relationships and levels of gene flow among wild and cultivated common walnut(Juglans regia)has become an urgent *** twelve microsatellite markers,we investigated the genetic diversity and gene flow between cultivated and wild trees of *** in the Qinling Mountains,China.A high level of genetic variation was detected in both cultivated and wild *** mean number of alleles per locus was *** heterozygosity(HO)and expected heterozygosity(HE)were 0.777 and 0.800,*** of mother trees was not by nearest neighbors,and a paternity of 60.7%of offspring evaluated could not be assigned to a local,sampled *** flow from cultivated trees to wild trees was infrequent(5.4%),and selfing rates ranged from zero to 25.0%.Male parents were located from 0 to 1005 m from their female partners,with an average pollination distance of 285.1 *** results are discussed in light of the cultivated species’diversity,outlining the frequent spontaneous genetic contributions from the wild to the cultivated *** addition,the pollen flow parameters provide useful information about the dynamics of pollen movement within *** populations.

关键词： Genetic diversity Juglans regia Mating patterns Microsatellites Pollen flow

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Measuring tree stem diameters and straightness with depth-image computer vision

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第5期34卷 1395-1405页

作者： Hoang Tran keith woeste Bowen Li Akshat Verma Guofan Shao Department of Computer Science Purdue University305 N University StWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center USDA Forest ServiceNorthern Research Station715 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University715 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University610 Purdue MallWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Current techniques of forest inventory rely on manual measurements and are slow and labor *** developments in computer vision and depth sensing can produce accurate measurement data at significantly reduced time and labor *** developed the ForSense system to measure the diameters of trees at various points along the stem as well as stem *** use,mean absolute error(MAE),and root mean squared error(RMSE)metrics were used to compare the system against manual methods,and to compare the system against itself(reproducibility).Depth-derived diameter measurements of the stems at the heights of 0.3,1.4,and 2.7 m achieved RMSE of 1.7,1.5,and 2.7 cm,*** ForSense system produced straightness measurement data that was highly correlated with straightness ratings by trained *** ForSense system was also consistent,achieving sub-centimeter diameter difference with subsequent measures and less than 4%difference in straightness value between *** method of forest inventory,which is based on depth-image computer vision,is time efficient compared to manual methods and less computationally and technologically intensive compared to Structure-from-Motion(SFM)photogrammetry and ground-based LiDAR or terrestrial laser scanning(TLS).

关键词： Forest inventory Depth sensing Computer vision Tree diameter Stem straightness Trunk volume

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Variation in needle and cone traits in natural populations of Pinus yunnanensis

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 41-49页

作者： Yulan Xu keith woeste Nianhui Cai Xiangyang Kang Genqian Li Shi Chen Anan Duan Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China College of ForestrySouthwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China The State Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding College of Biological Science and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center at Purdue University West LafayetteIN 47906 USA

Pinus yunnanensis Franch. is a major component of coniferous forests in southwestern China. Little is known about its intraspecific variation. Morphological variations in needle and cone traits of P. yunnanensis were analyzed to quantify variability among and within natural populations. Seven traits were measured on 10 needles collected from 30 trees in each of the 18 sampled populations of P. yunna- nensis. Four cone traits were measured in 221 individual trees from nine populations. The results showed that there were significant differences （p 〈 0.01） both among popu- lations and within populations in each needle and cone trait. The proportion of phenotypic variation of nearly all needle and cone traits was over 50 % within populations, which showed trees within populations accounted for a majority of the total variation. The needle traits showed higher vari- ability within population than cone traits. Variability in theneedle traits was correlated with geo-climatic parameters （longitude, latitude, altitude, temperature, and precipitation）. Needle length and the ratio of needle length to fascicle sheath length showed clinal variation in response to latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. A hierarchical classification of all populations based on needle traits led to the formation of four major groups. The findings provide important genetic information for the evaluation of variation. Moreover, it will assist in management of genetic diversity of P. yunnanensis.

关键词： Genetic diversity Conservation Yunnanpine Cone morphology Needle morphology

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Pan-genome and transcriptome analyses provide insights into genomic variation and differential gene expression profiles related to disease resistance and fatty acid biosynthesis in eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 250-265页

作者： Huijuan Zhou Feng Yan Fan Hao Hang Ye Ming Yue keith woeste Peng Zhao Shuoxin Zhang College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province Xi’anShaanxi 710061China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center(HTIRC) Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University715 West State StreetWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA

Walnut(Juglans)species are used as nut crops *** black walnut(EBW,Juglans nigra),a diploid,horticultural important woody species is native to much of eastern North *** it is highly valued for its wood and nut,there are few resources for understanding EBW ***,we present a high-quality genome assembly of *** based on Illumina,Pacbio,and HiC *** genome size was 540.8 Mb,with a scaffold N50 size of 35.1 Mb,and 99.0%of the assembly was anchored to 16 *** this genome as a reference,the resequencing of 74 accessions revealed the effective population size of *** declined during the glacial maximum.A single whole-genome duplication event was identified in the *** *** syntenic blocks among ***,Juglans regia,and Juglans microcarpa predominated,but inversions of more than 600 kb were *** comparing the EBW genome with those of *** and ***,we detected InDel sizes of 34.9 Mb in *** and 18.3 Mb in ***,*** analysis of differentially expressed genes identified five presumed NBS-LRR(NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITELEUCINE-RICH REPEAT)genes were upregulated during the development of walnut husks and shells compared to developing *** also identified candidate genes with essential roles in seed oil synthesis,including FAD(FATTY ACID DESATURASE)and OLE(OLEOSIN).Our work advances the understanding of fatty acid bioaccumulation and disease resistance in nut crops,and also provides an essential resource for conducting genomics-enabled breeding in walnut.

关键词： crops breeding black

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The de novo genome assembly of Tapiscia sinensis and the transcriptomic and developmental bases of androdioecy

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 219-234页

作者： Peng Zhao Guiliang Xin Feng Yan Huan Wang Xiaolong Ren keith woeste Wenzhe Liu Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center(HTIRC) Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University715 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Tapiscia sinensis(Tapisciaceae)possesses an unusual androdioecious breeding system that has attracted considerable interest from evolutionary *** aspects of *** biology,including its biogeography,genomics,and sexlinked genes,are ***,we report the first de novo assembly of the genome of *** genome size was 410 Mb,with 22,251 predicted *** on whole-genome resequencing of 55 trees from 10 locations,an analysis of population genetic structure indicated that *** has fragmented into five lineages,with low intrapopulation genetic diversity and little gene flow among *** comparing whole-genome scans of male versus hermaphroditic pools,we identified 303 candidate sex-linked genes,79 of which(25.9%)were located on scaffold 25.A 24-kb region was absent in hermaphroditic individuals,and five genes in that region,TsF-box4,TsF-box10,TsF-box13,TsSUT1,and TsSUT4,showed expression differences between mature male and hermaphroditic *** results of this study shed light on the breeding system evolution and conservation genetics of the Tapisciaceae.

关键词： breeding flowers bases

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Germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata ***

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第2期27卷 283-294页

作者： Yulan Xu Nianhui Cai Bin He Ruili Zhang Wei Zhao Jianfeng Mao Anan Duan Yue Li keith woeste Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Usein the Southwest Mountains of China College of ForestrySouthwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China The State Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding Collegeof Biological Science and BiotechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100093China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center at Purdue University West LafayetteIN 47906USA

We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata. Seeds were col- lected from 20 open-pollinated trees within each of eight autochthonous populations representing the natural distri- bution of P. densata in China to assess variation in ger- mination traits and early seedling growth, and to examine the relationships among these traits. Results showed that seeds from all populations germinated and seedlings established successfully. There were significant differences among populations in 13 of 14 traits evaluated. Seed germination and early seedling growth were strongly related to seed size and seed weight. Bigger seeds germi- nated earlier and faster than small seeds, and seedling size was positively correlated with seed size. Some germination traits were strongly and significantly correlated with cli- matic variables associated with the provenance of the studied populations. Based on these observations, we conclude there were large, significant, and biologically important differences among P. densata populations in seed germination and seedling growth traits. The observed variability probably reflects a high degree of adaptive dif- ferentiation among populations that is likely to be relevant for future afforestation.

关键词： Afforestation Conifer Gaoshan pine Provenance Seed germination Seed size Seedling vigor

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DNA markers identify hybrids between butternut(Juglans cinerea L.),an endangered North American forest tree,and Japanese walnut(Juglans ailantifolia Carr.),for gene conservation

DNA markers identify hybrids between butternut(Juglans ciner...

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后植物志时代的系统与进化植物学——2011年全国系统与进化植物学暨第十届青年学术研讨会

作者： keith woeste USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center(HTIRC) Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA

Butternut(Juglans cinerea L.)is a temperate deciduous hardwood native to the eastern United States and southern Canada that was formerly valued for its wood and ***’s survival is threatened by butternut canker,a disease caused by the exotic fungus Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Nair,Kostichka& Kuntz) Broders and Boland,***..Field observations indicate that trees commonly called buartnut[a hybrid of butternut and its close congener Japanese walnut(Juglans ailantifolia×***)]may be more resistant to butternut canker than is either parental *** are difficult to distinguish morphologically from butternuts,and scientists have expressed concern over the possibility of range-wide genetic invasion by Japanese walnut via hybridization with butternut We used pair-wise combinations of forty random primers to screen bulked DNA pools of butternut,Japanese walnut and buartnuts to identify genomic regions unique to Japanese walnut About 530 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) panels were *** cloned and sequenced 20 markers putatively uniquely associated with the Japanese walnut genome,and ultimately identified one ITS(Internal transcribed spacer) region marker,onechloroplast(TrnT(UAA)-trnF(GAA)region) marker,one mitochondrial marker(3-9),and six nuclear markers(16R-2,22-5,14R-1,39-5,and 40-1).The utility of the markers for identifying hybrids was tested and verified using more than 190 *** markers will be used to identify buartnut hybrids based on the presence of introgressed genomic fragments inherited from Japanese walnut Many of the hybrids we analyzed were not.J×bixbyi(F) but probably backcrosses or F,confirming field observations that hybrids have a complex genetic history and present features of the parental species in all possible *** results will assist in the identification and testing of (non-hybrid) butternut for breeding and reintroduction of the species to its former *** mar

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Effects of gibberellin A_(4/7), 6-benzylaminopurine and chlormequat chloride on the number of male and female strobili and immature cones in Chinese Pine (Pinus tabuliformis) with foliar sprays

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 353-359页

作者： ZHAO Peng keith E. woeste ZHANG Shuo-xin YANG Peihua FAN Jun-feng HUANG Zhong-lian MA Zhen-hua College of Forestry Northwest A＆F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Re-generation Center Department of Forestry and Natural Resources PurdueUniversity 715 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA. QinlingNational Forest Ecosystem Research Station Ningshan Shaanxi 711600 P. R. China Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St. Louis MO 63132 USA Northwest Forestry Exploring Institute of China State Forestry Administra-tion Xi＇an Shaanxi 710048 P. R. China

Three kinds of plant growth regulators, gibberellinA 4/7 （GA 4/7 ）, 6-benzylaminopurine （BA）, and chlormequat chloride （CCC）, were evaluated for their ability to promote strobilus and cone production in a Chinese pine （Pinus tabuliformis Carr.） clonal seed orchard. Treatments （0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg L -1 ） were applied during three periods （June- July, July-August and August-September） in 2005. Of the three plant growth regulators, GA 4/7 was the best for promoting flower and cone production. Trees sprayed with GA 4/7 （500 mg L -1 ） from June to September had significantly more female strobili and immature cones than controls and other treatments （p≤0.0001）. The best time to apply GA 4/7 was in June. BA at 500 mg L -1 significantly increased female flower and immature cone production, compared to other treatments and controls （p≤0.0001）, while promotion of male strobili was unchanged. Chlormequat chloride at 1000 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of male strobili, compared to the other treatments （p≤0.0001）. Spraying CCC at500 mg L -1 significantly increased the number of female strobili, compared to controls （p0.05）, but it had no effect on immature cone production （p0.05）. These results are important for improving seed production and seed orchard management of Chinese pine.

关键词： flower promotion conifer seed production breeding Pinus tabuliformis Carr.

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JnCML-like, an EF-hand motif-containing gene seasonally upregulated in the transition zone of black walnut (Juglans nigraL.)

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2011年第3期1卷 140-155页

作者： Zhonglian Huang Priyanka Surana Daisuke Kihara Richard Meilan keith woeste 不详

The economic value of a black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) tree is strongly determined by the quality and quantity of darkly colored heartwood in its stem. To understand the regulation of heartwood formation, we analyzed the region of heartwood formation in walnut stems (i.e., the transition zone, TZ) for the expression of 80 ESTs. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR was performed to detect expression changes of candidate genes in the TZ and sapwood of trees harvested in summer and fall. Results revealed that the transcript of a clone containing two presumed EF-hand motifs was expressed at higher levels in the TZ than in other xylem tissues. Analysis of the full-length coding sequence revealed that the black walnut gene JnCML-like is similar to grancalcin-like calcium-binding EF hand proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana (At3g10300) and Zea mays (NM 001153810). A model of the predicted structure of JnCML-like showed it is similar to grancalcin and m-calpain, penta-EF-hand family proteins associated with cell proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death. JnCML-like transcript was detected in tissue from the region of the pith meristem, and in roots, embryogenic callus, vascular cambium, female flowers, male flowers, green leaves, and partially and fully senescent leaves of black walnut, although transcript abundance varied considerably among these tissues.

关键词： Transition Zone M-Calpain Juglans Nigra Grancalcin

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Propagating Figured Wood in Black Walnut

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第5期5卷 518-525页

作者： James R. McKenna Wayne A. Geyer keith E. woeste Daniel L. Cassens USDA-Forest Service Northern Research Station West Lafayette USA Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Figured black walnut lumber is a specialty wood product that commands a high price for manufacturing fine furniture and interior paneling. Two common figured grain patterns occur in walnut;they are known as “fiddle-back” or “curly” grain, depending on the number of horizontal lines visible in the grain of the finished wood. The occurrence of figured walnut in nature is rare and unpredictable. Trees that have consistent figured patterns throughout the log are of exceptional value. Conversely, trees with partial or spotty figured patterns are considered defective and are reduced in value. Conventional breeding of seedlings, or cloning figured trees by grafting, are possible methods to propagate figured wood in walnut. The value of such material, however, will depend on figure being expressed predictably. For breeding to succeed, the trait of interest must be genetic and heritable. For clonal propagation to be effective, the trait must be reproduced true-to-type. In this study, we evaluate the grain pattern of both grafted and seedling walnut from several highly figured wild selections. Logs from grafted trees of three clones propagated in the 1970s in Kansas were evaluated. Only one log from one clone showed some figure in its lumber. Ten-year-old seedlings from the figured walnut clone “Lamb” were grown and cut in Indiana and evaluated for figured grain, and none showed any sign of figured grain developing. Our conclusion is that figured grain in black walnut does not propagate true-to-type through grafting or by growing open-pollinated seed. Although evidence of some genetic control of figure was found, environmental and other factors appear to play a greater role.

关键词： Juglans nigra Figured Wood Forestry Breeding True-to-Type Grafting Clonal Forestry

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