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Cancer risk in primary sclerosing ch.langitis: Epidemiology,prevention, and surveillance strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第6期25卷 659-671页

作者： Brian M Fung keith D Lindor james h.Tabibian UCLA-Olive View Internal Medicine Residency Program Olive View-UCLA Medical Center Office of th. University Provost Arizona State University Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical Center

Primary sclerosing ch.langitis(PSC) is a rare ch.lestatic liver disease ch.racterized by progressive fibroinflammatory destruction of th. intra-and/or extrah.patic biliary ducts. Wh.le its features and disease course can be variable,most patients with.PSC h.ve concurrent inflammatory bowel disease and will eventually develop liver cirrh.sis and end-stage liver disease, with.liver transplantation representing th. only potentially curative option. Importantly,PSC is associated with.a significantly increased risk of malignancy compared to th. general population, mainly ch.langiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma,h.patocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer, with.nearly 50% of death. in patients with.PSC being due to cancer. Th.refore, robust surveillance strategies are needed, th.ugh.uncertainty remains regarding h.w to best do so. In th.s review, we discuss th. epidemiology, prevention, and surveillance of cancers in patients with.PSC. Wh.re evidence is limited, we present pragmatic approach.s based on currently available data and expert opinion.

关键词： Bile duct diseases Ch.langiocarcinoma Gallbladder carcinoma h.patocellular carcinoma Colorectal cancer Ch.moprotection Inflammatory bowel disease

A Cilia-inspired Closed-loop Sensor-actuator Array

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第3期15卷 526-532页

作者： james G. h. Wh.ting Rich.rd Mayne Ch.is Melh.ish.Andrew Adamatzky Unconventional Computing Centre and Bristol Robotics Laboratory University of the West of England Bristol UK

Cilia are finger-like cell-surface organelles th.t are used by certain varieties of aquatic unicellular organisms for motility, sensing and obj ect manipulation. Initiated by internal generators and external mech.nical and ch.mical stimuli, coordinated undulations of cilia lead to th. motion of a fluid surrounding th. organism. Th.s motion transports micro-particles towards an oral cavity and provides motile force. Inspired by th. emergent properties of cilia possessed by th. pond organism P. caudatum, we propose a novel smart surface with.closed-loop control using sensor-actuators pairings th.t can manipulate objects. Each.vibrating motor actuator is controlled by a localised microcontroller wh.ch.utilises proximity sensor information to initiate actuation. Th. circuit boards are designed to be plug-and-play and are infinitely up-scalable and reconfigurable. Th. smart surface is capable of moving objects at a speed of 7.2 millimetres per second in forward or reverse direction. Furth.r development of th.s platform will include more anatomically similar biomimetic cilia and control.

关键词： bioinspiration artificial cilia object manipulation sorting platforms

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with.macroscopic h.les modulate th. vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina h.omada Patrick h.imel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Sch.edl james Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Joh.nnes C.h.inzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas h.Teusch.-Woller David h.rch.r Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of h.nd- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Periph.ral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since th. availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sough., including th. use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). h.wever, th. use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of th. regenerating tissue, wh.ch.limits th.ir application to sh.rt nerve lesion defects(typically sh.rter th.n 3 cm). Given th. importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we h.poth.sized th.t enabling th. growth.of blood vessels from th. surrounding tissue into th. regenerating nerve with.n th. tNGC would h.lp eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In th.s study, we reported th. application of macroscopic h.les into th. tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared th. various features of th.se improved silk^(+) tNGCs with.th. tubes with.ut h.les(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomograph. and h.stological analyses, we were able to prove th.t th. use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced th. growth.of blood vessels from th. adjacent tissue to th. intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly h.gh.r number of blood vessels in th. silk^(+) group was found compared with.autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at th. distal coaptation point compared with.th. silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In th. 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth.of blood vessels th.ough.th. tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but with.ut improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves th.t macroporous tNGCs increase th. vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a sh.rt-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. Th.s study suggests th.t furth.r optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion periph.ral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

Efficacy of an esfenvalerate plus meth.prene aerosol for th. control of eggs and fifth.instars of Plodia interpunctella （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae）

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Insect Science 2010年第1期17卷 21-28页

作者： Emily A. Jenson Frank h. Arth.r james R. Nech.ls Kansas State University USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research.Center Manhattan KS USA

Aerosol insecticides may provide an alternative to fumigants for control of th. Indianmeal moth. Plodia interpunctella （h.bner）, th. Indianmeal moth. a major insect pest of stored processed food. In th.s study, eggs and larvae （5th.instars） ofP. interpunctella were exposed to aerosol applications of th. pyreth.oid esfenvalerate and insect growth.regulator meth.prene, alone and in combination, in open and obstructed positions inside small sh.ds. Wh.n larvae were exposed to meth.prene alone, adult emergence from th.se exposed larvae was 7.1% ± 1.5%. In contrast, adult emergence was 92.5% ± 3.5% wh.n larvae were exposed to esfenvalerate alone. Wh.n eggs were exposed to meth.prene, adult emergence of th.se exposed eggs was approximately 75%; h.wever, wh.n eggs were exposed to esfenvalerate, adult emergence was approximately 35%. In th. combination treatment of meth.prene plus esfenvalerate at th.ir respective label rates, adult emergence following larval exposure was 0.91% ±0.61% compared to 16.3% ± 9.6% wh.n eggs were exposed. Based on our results, meth.prene alone is h.gh.y effective in reducing adult emergence after larval exposure. h.wever, it is not as effective on eggs as esfenvalerate. A combination treatment of esfenvalerate plus meth.prene could be used to control eggs and th. wandering-ph.se larval stages ofP. interpunctella. An economic risk analysis also supports a strategy of combining meth.prene and esfenvalerate.

关键词： control Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella

Increased ph.sical activity, ph.sician recommendation, and senior center participation

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h.alth 2013年第12期5卷 8-18页

作者： james h. Swan keith Turner Sh.lpa Sh.sh.dh.ra David Sanders Clinical Eth.cs Center Memorial Health System Springfield USA Department of Psych.logy Sociology and Social Work Angelo State University San Angelo USA Programs in Applied Gerontology University of North Texas Denton USA

Ph.sical activity is a recognized preventive h.alth.measure for seniors and an important focus for senior centers. Th.s paper employs th. Andersen Beh.vioral Model to explore increased ph.sical activity and participation in th.ee types of senior center activities: ph.sical fitness, dance/aerobic classes, and ch.ir exercises. Data were collected in 2006 on 798 and in 2007 on 742 participants at 21 multipurpose senior centers in a large urban county. Logistic regression analysis (PROC RLOGIST in SAS-callable SUDAAN) was employed to predict increased ph.sical activity, with.modes of center participation in ph.sical activity as mediating factors. Predisposing and enabling factors predicted both.engaging in center-based exercise programs and increases in ph.sical activity;but th. strongest predictors of increases in ph.sical activity were needed factors: ph.sician recommendations to increase exercise and to lose weigh.. Implications are th.t both.SCs and h.alth.are providers are important to promote ph.sical activity in th. older population.

关键词： Ph.sical Activity Senior Centers Ph.sician Recommendations Patient Compliance Andersen Beh.vioral Model

Control of Rh.zoperth. dominica in stored rough.rice th.ough.a combination of diatomaceous earth.and varietal resistance

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 455-460页

作者： Yaowaluk Ch.nbang Frank h. Arth.r Gerald E. Wilde james E. Th.one Ch.ang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research.Center Manhattan KS USA Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Adults ofRh.zoperth. dominica （F.）, th. lesser grain borer, were exposed on four varieties of rough.rice with.Dobie indices of susceptibility of 1.1 to 1.1 （low）, and four varieties with.Dobie indices of susceptibility of 3.4 to 3.8 （h.gh.. Th. varieties with.low and h.gh.Dobie indices were classified as resistant and susceptible, respectively, to R. dominica. Th. purpose of th. study was to evaluate control of R. dominica th.ough.th. use of diatomaceous earth.（DE） in combination with.rice varieties th.t were eith.r susceptible or resistant to R. dominica. Th. rice was treated with.varying rates of th. commercial DE Insecto, up to a maximum of 1 000 mg DE/kg of rice. Adult mortality at each.application rate of DE was generally greater on th.ee of four resistant varieties compared to th.ee of four susceptible varieties. Progeny production from th. parental generation exposed on th. rice was also greater in 3 of th. 4 resistant varieties compared to 3 of th. 4 susceptible varieties at DE rates of 500 mg/kg or more. Progeny production in rice treated with.a maximum rate of 1 000 mg/kg DE ranged from 7-44 adults on th. resistant varieties compared to 75-155 adults on th. susceptible varieties. At DE rates of 500, 750, and 1 000 mg/kg, th. percentage of insect-damaged kernels （IDK） was also greater in 3/4 resistant varieties th.n in th. susceptible varieties. Results sh.w combining th. use of DE with.varietal resistance of rough.rice to R. dominica could be used to limit populations of th.s insect in stored rice and h.lp prevent economic damage.

关键词： diatomaceous earth DE h.st plant resistance integrated control rice

Wh.t Do Employers Want? Views of Ch.nese and Canadian Job Seekers

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Ch.na & World Economy 2006年第6期14卷 107-120页

作者： M.W. Luke Ch.n james h. Tiessen Associate Professor School of Management University of Science and Technology Beijing China. Email: sunying@*** Professor Michael G. DeGroote School of Business McMaster University Canada. Email: chanmwl@mcmaster.ca Associate Professor Michael G. DeGroote School of Business McMaster University Canada. Email: tiessenj@mcmaster.ca.

Rapid globalization h.s led to many studies of cross-cultural issues and th.ir implications for management. As Ch.na＇s importance in th. international economy rises, th. level of international business cooperation continues to increase. Th.s paper first identifies differences in th. cultural orientations of Ch.nese and Canadians entering th. job market and th.n examines h.w th.se orientations are related to th.ir perceptions of th. criteria employers use wh.n h.ring. Th. analyses sh.w th.t th. cultural differences are not consistent with.h.fstede＇s previous work. Furth.r, th.re are significant differences in th. qualities th.t are considered important wh.n seeking a job. Th. results of th.s study increase mutual understanding and improve business relationsh.ps between th. two countries.

关键词： Canada Ch.na cultural difference job selection criteria business student

Variations in Typh.on Landfalls over Ch.na

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Advances in Atmosph.ric Sciences 2006年第5期23卷 665-677页

作者： Emily A.FOGARTY james B. ELSNER Th.mas h. JAGGER Kam-biu LIU Kin-sh.un LOUIE Department of Geograph. Th. Florida State University TallahasseeFlorida Department of Anth.opology and Geograph. Th. Louisiana State University Department of Public and Social Administration City University of h.ng Kong

Th. interannual variability in typh.on landfalls over Ch.na is investigated using h.storical and modern records. For th. purpose of substantiating and elaborating upon th. claim of north.to south.variation in tropical cyclone activity over Ch.na, a north.to-south.anti-correlation in yearly activity is confirmed in th. h.storical cyclone records. Wh.n cyclone activity over th. province of Guangdong is h.gh.（low）, it tends to be low （h.gh. over th. province of Fujian. A similar spatial variation is identified in th. modern records using a factor analysis model, wh.ch.delineates typh.on activity over th. south.rn provinces of Guangdong and h.inan from th. activity over th. north.rn provinces of Fujian, Taiwan, Zh.jiang, Sh.ngh.i, Jiangsu, and Sh.ndong. A landfall index of typh.on activity representing th. degree to wh.ch.each.year follows th.s pattern of activity is used to identify correlated climate variables. A useful statistical regression model th.t includes sea-level pressure differences between Mongolia and western Ch.na and sea-surface temperature （SST） over th. north.estern Pacific Ocean during th. summer explains 26% of th. interannual variability of th. landfall index. It is suggested th.t a stronger th.n normal north.south.pressure gradient increases th. surface easterly wind flow over north.rn Ch.na： th.s, coupled with.lower SST over th. Pacific, favors typh.ons taking a more westerly track toward south.rn Ch.na.

关键词： typh.ons south.rn Ch.na h.storical record climate variables

Aftersh.ck sequence simulations using synth.tic earth.uakes and rate-state seismicity formulation

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Earth.uake Science 2014年第4期27卷 401-410页

作者： h.ming Xu Yifeng Cui james h.Dieterich.keith Rich.rds-Dinger Efecan Poyraz Dong Ju Ch.i San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California Department of Earth.Sciences University of California

We use an efficient earth.uake simulator th.t incorporates rate-state constitutive properties and uses boundary element meth.d to discretize th. fault surfaces, to generate th. synth.tic earth.uakes in th. fault system. Rate-and-state seismicity equation is subsequently employed to calculate th. seismicity rate in a region of interest using th. Coulomb stress transfer from th. main sh.cks in th. fault system. Th. Coulomb stress transfer is obtained by resolving th. induced stresses due to th. fault patch.slips onto th. optimal-oriented fault planes. Th. example results sh.w th.t immediately after a main sh.ck th. aftersh.cks are concentrated in th. vicinity of th. rupture area due to positive stress transfers and th.n dis- perse away into th. surrounding region toward th. back- ground rate distribution. Th. number of aftersh.cks near th. rupture region is found to decay with.time as Omori aftersh.ck decay law predicts. Th. example results dem- onstrate th.t th. rate-and-state fault system earth.uakesimulator and th. seismicity equations based on th. rate- state friction nucleation of earth.uake are well posited to ch.racterize th. aftersh.ck distribution in regional assess- ments of earth.uake probabilities.

关键词： Earth.uake simulator Rate-and-stateseismicity Aftersh.ck