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Analysis of Water Resources Vulnerability Assessment Tools

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(b) 2019年第2期9卷 69-86页

作者： Kanga IdéSoumaila Albachir Seydou Niandou Mustapha Naimi Chikhaoui Mohamed keith Schimmel Soil and Water Management Laboratory Department of Natural Resources and EnvironmentHassan II Institute of Agronomy&Veterinary MedicineRabat 10101Morocco Applied Science and Technology North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411USA

Water resources face many pressures and stresses around the *** the vulnerability of water resources is,therefore,increasingly an essential practice in water resources *** studies of water resources vulnerability have been carried out around the world during the last three ***,the main objective of this study was to analyze water resources vulnerability assessment tools and identify the methodological trend of water resources vulnerability assessment at the local level in existing *** achieve this objective,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)method has been applied to include or exclude *** on water vulnerability numbering 374 were preselected in the ScienceDirect and the Google Scholar *** 32 out of the 374 articles met the inclusion criteria defined for the *** results show that China(21.9%),U.S.A.(9.4%)and Canada(6.3%)are the most active countries publishing water resources vulnerability *** 191 vulnerability indicators from the 32 articles were classified into five categories of factors:physical factors(33.5%),socio-economic factors(28.3%),environmental or eco-environmental factors(25.1%),institutions and governance factors(7.3%)and infrastructure factors(5.8%).This study shows that almost half of the studies(47%)considered all five categories of factors,9.4%considered four categories of factors,6.3%considered three categories of factors,28%used two types of factors and 9.4%considered only one *** have used several methods to assess water resources vulnerability:overlay and index methods(59.4%),process-based models(12.5%),statistical methods(9.4%),overlay and index methods plus process-based model(9.4%),overlay and index methods plus statistical methods(6.3%)and statistical methods plus process-based models(3.1%).Geographic information system(GIS)is an important tool in assessing the vulnerability of water resou

关键词： Water vulnerability water resources management water vulnerability assessment tools.

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自恋时代

Therapeutic resistance in cancer: microRNA regulation of EGFR signaling networks

作者： (美)简·M. 腾格(Jean M. Twenge)，(美)W. 基斯·坎贝尔(W. keith Campbell)

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Cancer biology & Medicine 2013年第4期10卷 192-205页

作者： German G.Gomez Jill Wykosky Ciro Zanca Frank b.Furnari Webster K.Cavenee Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research University of California San Diego

Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs)such as the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)regulate cellular homeostatic *** activates downstream signaling cascades that promote tumor cell survival,proliferation and *** of EGFR signaling as a consequence of overexpression,amplification and mutation of the EGFR gene occurs frequently in several types of cancers and many become dependent on EGFR signaling to maintain their malignant ***,concerted efforts have been mounted to develop therapeutic agents and strategies to effectively inhibit ***,limited therapeutic benefits to cancer patients have been derived from EGFR-targeted therapies.A well-documented obstacle to improved patient survival is the presence of EGFR-inhibitor resistant tumor cell variants within heterogeneous tumor cell ***,we summarize the mechanisms by which tumors resist EGFR-targeted therapies and highlight the emerging role of microRNAs(miRs)as downstream effector molecules utilized by EGFR to promote tumor initiation,progression and that play a role in resistance to EGFR *** also examine evidence supporting the utility of miRs as predictors of response to targeted therapies and novel therapeutic agents to circumvent EGFR-inhibitor resistance mechanisms.

关键词： Epidermal growth factor receptor microRNA tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapeutic resistance

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY POTENT,SELECTIVE,AND ORALLY AVAILAbLE NON-AMIDINE FACTOR XA INHIbITORS.

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DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY POTENT,SELECTIVE,AND ORALLY AVAILABLE ...

充血性心力衰竭住院患者中硫胺素缺乏症的患病率

40th IUPAC Congress

作者： Marc Adler Sarah Cheeseman Yuo-Ling Chou David D. Davey keith A. Eagen Richard Fitch brian D. Griedel Janice Heidersbach Rushad Karanjawala Wheeseong Lee Dao Lentz Amy Liang Michael M. Morrissey Gary b. Phillips Joseph Post Karna L. Sacchi Steven T. Sakata Kenneth J. Shaw R. Michael Snider babu Subramanyam Lan Trinh Ron Vergona Janette Walters Kathy A. White Marc Whitlow Shung C. Wu Monica J. Kochanny berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA berlex biosciences 2600 Hilltop DriveRichmondCA 94804USA

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 47-47页

作者： Hanninen S.A Darling P.b Sole M.J. M.E. keith 王亭忠 Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 8 Bond Wing St. Michael’s HospitalMB5 1W8Dr.

ObJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of thiamin deficiency(TD) in a cross section of hospitalized congestive heart failure(CHF) patients and to investigate factors that contribute to its development. bACKGROUND: Thiamin deficiency manifests as symptoms of CHF and, therefore, may worsen existing heart failure. Congestive heart failure patients may be at increased risk for TD as a result of diuretic-induced urine thiamin excretion, disease severity, malnutrition, and advanced age. METHODS: Erythrocyte thiamin pyrophospate concentrations, using high-performance liquid chromatography,were measured in 100 CHF patients and compared to 50 control subjects. Variables including diuretics(type and dose), left ventricle dysfunction, New York Heart Association functional classification, creatinine clearance, thiamin intake(diet and supplements), malnutrition, appetite ratings, and age were related to TD using univariate statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Thiamin deficiency was more prevalent in CHF patients(33% ) compared to control subjects(12% )(p=0.007). Thiamin deficiency was related to urine thiamin loss(p=0.03), non-use of thiamin-containing supplements(p=0.06), and preserved renal function(p=0.05). Increased urinary thiamin loss(μ g/g creatinine)was found to be the only significant positive predictor of thiamin status on multiple logistic regression analysis(p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: One-third of hospitalized CHF patients were TD. In contrast to previous studies, increased urinary losses of thiamin were predictive of improved thiamin status. Thiamin supplementation may be protective against TD in the clinical setting. Future studies are warranted to determine if thiamin supplementation improves thiamin status and disease severity in CHF patients.

关键词：充血性心力衰竭患者住院患者硫胺素患病率缺乏症 Logistic回归分析高效液相色谱法左心室功能不全 CHF患者营养不良

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猪模型研究肥胖栓塞用于抑制胃饥饿素

国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第2期 171-171页

作者： b.E. Paxton C.Y. Kim C.L. Alley J.H. Crow b. balmadrid C.G. keith 赵芳 Department of Radiology Division of Interventional Radiology Piedmont Healthcare1984 Peachtree Rd Suite 505 Atlanta GA 30309

目的在猪模型中前瞻性研究此假说:具有商用校准微球体的肥胖栓塞可以在8周内明显抑制全身胃饥饿素水平并影响体质量增加。材料与方法本研究经实验动物管理委员会批准。对12头健康生长猪(体质量30.3～47.0kg,平均38.4kg)进行研究。选择... 详细信息

目的在猪模型中前瞻性研究此假说:具有商用校准微球体的肥胖栓塞可以在8周内明显抑制全身胃饥饿素水平并影响体质量增加。材料与方法本研究经实验动物管理委员会批准。对12头健康生长猪(体质量30.3～47.0kg,平均38.4kg)进行研究。选择性对供应胃底的胃动脉注入40μm校准微球体行肥胖栓塞。6只猪行肥胖栓塞,另6只猪则行盐水注入作为对照组。在基线及1～8周获得动物体质量、空腹血浆胃饥饿素及葡萄糖水平。分析每个时间点的血浆胃饥饿素水平及体质量差异,Wilcoxon符号秩检验分析组内差异,Wilcoxon秩和检验分析组间差异。结果对照组与实验组的胃饥饿素水平随时间变化的形式有显著差异。测量对照组及实验组胃饥饿素周水平作为以基线为参考的变化值。对照组猪注入盐水后平均胃饥饿素值增加了(328.9±129.0)pg/dL,而实验组则降低了(537.9±209.6)pg/dL(P=0.004)。对照组与实验组的体质量随时间变化的形式有显著差异。实验组栓塞后平均体质量的增加少于对照组[分别为(3.6±3.8)kg∶(9.4±2.8)kg,P=0.025]。结论肥胖栓塞可以显著抑制胃饥饿素并影响体质量增加。在此技术常规应用于人之前,需要进一步的研究。

关键词：胃饥饿素实验组体质量对照组血浆试验组猪模型病理栓塞

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Water Quality Indices

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(b) 2019年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Kanga Idé Soumaila Albachir Seydou Niandou Mustapha Naimi Chikhaoui Mohamed keith Schimmel Stephanie Luster-Teasley Naeem Nizar Sheick Soil and Water Management Laboratory Department of Natural Resources and Environment Hassan II Institute of Agronomy & Veterinary Medicine Rabat Morocco Department of Energy & Environmental Systems North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro NC 27411 USA Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro NC 27411 USA School of Science and Engineering Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane Ifrane Morocco

Water quality indices (WQI) are useful tools for indicating the suitability of water for an expected use. However, they can suffer from some problems. The objective of this paper was to analyze the development of WQI to determine which parameters are used in water quality assessment and to discuss the characteristics of WQI. To screen articles on WQI, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method is applied to include or exclude articles. Four necessary steps are needed to design WQI: parameter selection, standardization, weighting and aggregation. A set of six methods of aggregations of sub-indices are identified: the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, the root square, the logarithmic function, the fuzzy inference and the minimum operator. The problems encountered for the overall index are different according to the form of aggregation. They are eclipsing, ambiguity, rigidity or flexibility, adaptability and compensation. The chemical parameters (70%) are the most used in the development of WQI with the physical parameters used at 24% and the biological parameters at 6%. Dissolved oxygen (DO, 87%), total coliforms (87%), biological oxygen demand (bOD, 73%), pH (73%), temperature (67%), turbidity (60%), ammonia (53%), ammonium (47%) and total dissolved solids (47%) are the most commonly used parameters for water quality assessment.

关键词： Water quality indices water quality parameters water quality assessment review meta-analysis

成人2型糖尿病不同筛查及预防策略成本效益分析

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英国医学杂志中文版 2008年第5期11卷 278-282页

作者： Clare L Gillies Paul C Lambert keith R Abrams Alex J Sutton Nicola J Cooper Ron T Hsu Melanie J Davies Kamlesh Khunti 张晓梅(译) 纪立农(校) Centre for biostatistics and Genetic Epidemiology Department of Health Sciences University of LeicusterLeicester LE1 7RH Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of leicester Division of General Practice and Primary Health Care Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Leicester

目的比较针对2型糖尿病预防及治疗的4种筛查策略及随后予以的干预措施：（a）筛查2型糖尿病患者使其能接受早期检查及治疗，（b）筛查2型糖尿病和糖耐量受损患者，对糖耐量受损的人群予以生活方式干预以延缓或预防糖尿病的发生，（c）... 详细信息

目的比较针对2型糖尿病预防及治疗的4种筛查策略及随后予以的干预措施：（a）筛查2型糖尿病患者使其能接受早期检查及治疗，（b）筛查2型糖尿病和糖耐量受损患者，对糖耐量受损的人群予以生活方式干预以延缓或预防糖尿病的发生，（c）同（b）但予以药物干预措施，（d）不筛查。设计成本效益决策分析建立在对概率的发展和评估基础上，是从筛查到死亡的综合性经济决策分析模型。研究对象一组假设人群，筛查时年龄45岁，高于平均糖尿病风险水平。数据来源电子书目数据库收录的已发表的临床试验和流行病学研究；补充数据分别来自英国和威尔士健康统计署、风险筛查（STAR）研究和ADDITION研究的Leicester部分。方法建立一种决策树／Markov混合模型，以模拟每一种筛查策略的长期效用，包括临床和成本效益终点。该模型假设水平跨度为50年时间，其成本效益折损率为3．5％。采用敏感度分析以验证模型假设及确定哪种模型数据输入对结果的影响最大。结果与不筛查策略比较，筛查2型糖尿病、筛查糖尿病和糖耐量受损并予以生活方式干预、筛查糖尿病和糖耐量受损并予以药物干预治疗3种策略，每获得一个质量调整生命年（QALY）估计所需成本分别为（每年成本效益贴现率为3．5％）14150英镑（17560欧元；27860美元）、6242英镑和7023英镑。在支付意愿阈值为20000英镑时，各主动筛查策略通过干预产生的成本效益概率分别为49％，93％和85％。结论对年龄45岁、高于平均风险水平的人群进行2型糖尿病和糖耐量受损的筛查，并对糖耐量受损人群予以适当的干预似乎具有很好的成本效益。单独筛查糖尿病而不对糖耐量受损人群予以干预的策略具有的成本效益仍不确定，需要进一步研究确定早期检测糖尿病的作用。

关键词：成本效益分析 2型糖尿病预防策略筛查药物干预治疗糖耐量受损生活方式干预质量调整生命年