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ATP binding cassette proteins ABCG37 and ABCG33 function as potassium-independent cesium uptake carriers in Arabidopsis roots

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Molecular Plant 2021年第4期14卷 664-678页

作者： Mohammad Arif Ashraf Takashi Akihiro keita ito Sayaka Kumagai Ryohei Sugita keitaro Tanoi Abidur Rahman United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate UniversityMoriokaIwate 020-8550Japan Faculty of Lite and Environmental Science Shimane UniversityMatsueShimane 690-8504Japan Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Bio SciencesIwate UniversityMoriokaIwate 0208550Japan Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences.The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8654.Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)4-1-8 HonchoKawaguchiSaitama 332-0012Japan Agr-Innovation Iwate UniversityMoriokaIwate 020-8550Japan These authors contributed equally Present address:Biology Department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA USA

Radiocesium accumulated in the soil by nuclear accidents is a major environmental *** transport process of cesium(Cs^(+))is tightly linked to the indispensable plant nutrient potassium(K^(+))as they both belong to the group I alkali metals with similar chemical *** of the transporters that had been characterized to date as Cs*transporters are directly or indirectly linked to K^(+).Using a combinatorial approach of physiology,genetics,cell biology,and root uptake assay,here we identified two ATP-binding cassette(ABC)proteins,ABCG37 and ABCG33,as facilitators of Cs^(+)influx.A gain-of-function mutant of ABCG37(abcg37-1)showed increased sensitivity to Cs^(+)-induced root growth inhibition,while the double knockout mutant of ABCG33 and ABCG37(abcg33-1abcg37-2)showed resistance,whereas the single loss-of-function mutants of ABCG33 and ABCG37 did not show any alteration in Cs^(+)*** planta short-term radioactive Cs^(+)-uptake assay along with growth and uptake assays in a heterologous system confirmed ABCG33 and ABCG37 as Cs^(+)-uptake *** response and content were unaffected in the double-mutant background and yeast cells lacking potassium-uptake carriers transformed with ABCG33 and ABCG37 failed to grow in the absence of K^(+),confirming that Cs^(+)uptake by ABCG33 and ABCG37 is independent of K^(+).Collectively,this work identified two ABC proteins as new Cs^(+)-influx carriers that act redundantly and independent of the K^(+)-uptake pathway.

关键词： cesium transport ABC proteins uptake Arabidopsis root biology

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A New Model to Study Healing of a Complex Femur Fracture with Concurrent Soft Tissue Injury in Sheep

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第2期3卷 62-68页

作者： Martin E. Wullschleger Roland Steck Romano Matthys John D. Webster Maria A. Woodruff Devakar R. Epari keita ito Michael A. Schuetz AO Research Institute Davos Switzerland Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia Trauma Service Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia

High energy bone fractures resulting from impact trauma are often accompanied by subcutaneous soft tissue injuries, even if the skin remains intact. There is evidence that such closed soft tissue injuries affect the healing of bone fractures, and vice versa. Despite this knowledge, most impact trauma studies in animals have focussed on bone fractures or soft tissue trauma in isolation. However, given the simultaneous impact on both tissues a better understanding of the interaction between these two injuries is necessary to optimise clinical treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a new experimental model and characterise, for the first time, the healing of a complex fracture with concurrent closed soft tissue trauma in sheep. A pendulum impact device was designed to deliver a defined and standardised impact to the distal thigh of sheep, causing a reproducible contusion injury to the subcutaneous soft tissues. In a subsequent procedure, a reproducible femoral butterfly fracture (AO C3-type) was created at the sheep’s femur, which was initially stabilised for 5 days by an external fixator construct to allow for soft tissue swelling to recede, and ultimately in a bridging construct using locking plates. The combined injuries were applied to twelve sheep and the healing observed for four or eight weeks (six animals per group) until sacrifice. The pendulum impact led to a moderate to severe circumferential soft tissue injury with significant bruising, haematomas and partial muscle disruptions. Posttraumatic measurements showed elevated intra-compartmental pressure and circulatory tissue breakdown markers, with recovery to normal, pre-injury values within four days. Clinically, no neurovascular deficiencies were observed. Bi-weekly radiological analysis of the healing fractures showed progressive callus healing over time, with the average number of callus bridges increasing from 0.4 at two weeks to 4.2 at eight weeks. Biomechanical testing after sacrific

关键词： Fracture Ovine Large Animal Model Bone Soft Tissue Injury

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Polyamine-Polymeric Micelle Hybrid Hydrogel: Microscopic Properties of Crosslinkers Affecting Macroscopic Rheological Properties of Hydrogel

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 36-44页

作者： Chikara Yoshida Tomoki ito Ryosuke Anzai Kengo Fukuda keita Kinoshita Seiichi Sonotaki Taku Takami Yoshihiko Murakami Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan

We have developed a hybrid hydrogel that is formed from a crosslinkable polymeric micelle and a polyamine. Under optimal conditions, the hydrogel rapidly formed in one second after a crosslinkable polymeric micelle solution was mixed with a polyamine solution. We could change the hydrogel’s gelation properties, such as the storage modulus and gelation time by tuning the molecular weights of block copolymers and by tuning the pH of the dissolving-solvent of the hydrogel’s constituent components. Furthermore, we have clarified here that the structural difference among the micelles acting as crosslinkers can affect the gelation properties of the hydrogel. According to our findings, the hydrogel that was formed from the polymeric micelles possessing a highly packed (i.e., well-entangled or crosslinked) inner core exhibited a higher storage modulus than the hydrogel that was formed from the polymeric micelles possessing a lowly packed structure. Our results demonstrate that a microscopic structural difference among crosslinkers can induce a macroscopic change in the properties of the resulting hydrogels. For medical applications, the hydrogel proposed in the present paper can encapsulate the hydrophobic compounds in crosslinkers (polymeric micelles) so that the hydrogel can be available as the biomaterial for their sustained release.

关键词： Hydrogel Polymeric Micelle Self-Assembly Crosslinker Block Copolymer

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