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日本学校撤并的多主体决策参与研究——基于理性选择制度主义视角

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比较教育研究 2024年第2期46卷 74-82,102页

作者：三好大树高益民北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院北京100875

基础教育阶段的学校撤并是许多国家存在的共同现象。学校撤并涉及各方利益,不同主体对相关决策的参与方式和参与程度极大地影响着学校撤并的效果。日本有过强行推动学校撤并引起官民严重冲突的历史,这为研究学校撤并的多主体决策参与问... 详细信息

基础教育阶段的学校撤并是许多国家存在的共同现象。学校撤并涉及各方利益,不同主体对相关决策的参与方式和参与程度极大地影响着学校撤并的效果。日本有过强行推动学校撤并引起官民严重冲突的历史,这为研究学校撤并的多主体决策参与问题提供了重要的样本。基于理性选择制度主义的视角分析日本学校撤并的决策过程,发现各行动者的偏好差异和利益冲突、权力分配的不均衡以及决策监管机制的缺失等导致决策效率较低、家长和社区居民对决策的公平参与缺乏保障、决策的程序化和形式化明显、政策适应存在较多不确定性因素等问题。尽管存在上述问题且经历了不少挫折,但日本的学校撤并决策还是逐渐从政府独断走向了政府主导下的民主协商。

关键词：学校撤并教育政策决策参与理性选择制度主义

Kink-band formation in directionally solidified Mg/Mg_(2)Yb and Mg/Mg_(2)Ca eutectic alloys with Mg/Laves-phase lamellar microstructure

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第2期10卷 530-538页

作者： Koji Hagihara Kosuke miyoshi Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Department of Adaptive Machine Systems Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Department of Physical Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of TechnologyNagoya 466-8555Japan

For the development of high-strength Mg alloys,active use of Laves phases such as C14-type Mg_(2)Yb and Mg_(2)Ca is strongly ***,the brittleness of the Laves phases is the biggest obstacle to *** first found that kink-band formation can be induced in directionally solidified Mg/Mg_(2)Yb and Mg/Mg_(2)Ca eutectic lamellar alloys when a stress is applied parallel to the lamellar interface,leading to a high yield stress accompanied with *** is,microstructural control can induce a new deformation mode that is not activated in the constituent phases,thereby inducing *** was clarified that the geometric relationship between the operative slip plane in the constituent phases and the lamellar interface,and the microstructural features that provide kink-band nucleation sites are important factors for controlling kink-band *** obtained results show a possibility to open the new door for the development of novel high-strength structural material using the kink bands.

关键词： Deformation kink band Lamellar microstructure Laves phase Magnesium alloys Mechanical properties

Rogue gene networks gone awry in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2415-2416页

作者： Emily miyoshi Vivek Swarup Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders(MIND) University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

The human brain consists of billions of cells encompassing hundreds of distinct cell-types,each with unique functions and *** of the molecular architecture of the brain has been revolutionized by nextgeneration sequencing(NGS),as evident by recent transcriptomic and genetic/epigenetic *** paved the way to perform largescale,genome-wide sequencing studies on human postmortem brain tissue,and this offered an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate the genetic bases of polygenic neurological disorders,like Alzheimer’s disease(AD).

关键词： Alzheimer properties. hundreds

Influence of data analysis when exploiting DFN model representation in the application of rock mass classification systems

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第6期10卷 1046-1062页

作者： Takako miyoshi Davide Elmo Steve Rogers NBK Institute of Mining University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Golder Associates Ltd. VancouverCanada

Discrete fracture network(DFN) models have been proved to be effective tools for the characterisation of rock masses by using statistical distributions to generate realistic three-dimensional(3 D) representations of a natural fracture network. The quality of DFN modelling relies on the quality of the field data and their interpretation. In this context, advancements in remote data acquisition have now made it possible to acquire high-quality data potentially not accessible by conventional scanline and window mapping. This paper presents a comparison between aggregate and disaggregate approaches to define fracture sets, and their role with respect to the definition of key input parameters required to generate DFN models. The focal point of the discussion is the characterisation of in situ block size distribution(IBSD) using DFN methods. An application of IBSD is the assessment of rock mass quality through rock mass classification systems such as geological strength index(GSI). As DFN models are becoming an almost integral part of many geotechnical and mining engineering problems, the authors present a method whereby realistic representation of 3 D fracture networks and block size analysis are used to estimate GSI ratings, with emphasis on the limitations that exist in rock engineering design when assigning a unique GSI value to spatially variable rock masses.

关键词： Data collection Discrete fracture network(DFN) Classification system Geological strength index(GSI)

Characteristic of organic aerosol in a remote area of Okinawa Island

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1371-1377页

作者： LUN Xiaoxiu TAKAMI Akinori miyoshi Takao HATAKEYAMA Shiro Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba 305-8506 Japan Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 183-8538 Japan

A continuous investigation of aerosol pollutants in Cape Hedo, Japan was conducted from October 2005 to August 2006 by Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer （AMS）. This article focused on the analysis of long-range transport of organic aerosol from continental origin to the remote island. Based on the transport distance and air mass origin, four main air mass origins were considered, including North China, South China, Japan and Korea. Although the mass concentration and air mass origin were quite different during study period, the mass spectrum and size distribution of organic matter and oxidized organics were similar, which showed uni-modal distribution with modal diameter of around 500 nm. The loss rate of organics was （5.15 ± 0.55） × 10^-6 s^-1 obtained by plotting the concentration against the transport time. Conversion rate of SO2 to sulfate and oxidation rate of organics were （1.07 ± 0.15） × 10^-5 and （1.09 ± 0.52） × 10^-6 s^-1, respectively.

关键词： long-range transport Okinawa organics loss rate

Sustained release of methyl viologen from a novel nanoparticle delivery system with double shells of silica and PLGA

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生物物理学报 2009年第S1期25卷 297-298页

作者： Hirokazu miyoshi Radioisotope Research Center The University of Tokushima Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15 Tokushima 770-8503 Japan

The use of nanotechnology in drug delivery is a rapidly expanding field. Biodegradable or nontoxic nanomaterials have the most promising application potentials in nanomedicine.

关键词： Sustained release of methyl viologen from a novel nanoparticle delivery system with double shells of silica and PLGA SiO

Fluorescent spectrum study of fluorescein binding to the interior of silica nanocapsules in various solvents

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生物物理学报 2009年第S1期25卷 299-300页

作者： Hirokazu miyoshi Radioisotope Research Center The University of Tokushima Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15 Tokushima 770-8503 Japan

Porous silica nanocapsules with 20% 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS)-bound 6-carboxy-fluorescein (APS-fluorescein) and 80% APS molecules adsorbed on the surface

关键词： Fluorescent spectrum study of fluorescein binding to the interior of silica nanocapsules in various solvents XL

Antifibrotic effects of ambrisentan,an endothelin-A receptor antagonist,in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第22期8卷 933-941页

作者： Toshiaki Okamoto Masahiko Koda Kennichi miyoshi Takumi Onoyama Manabu Kishina Tomomitsu Matono Takaaki Sugihara keiko Hosho Junichi Okano Hajime Isomoto Yoshikazu Murawaki Division of Medicine and Clinical Science Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine Tottori Univer-sity Second Department of Internal Medicine Tottori University

AIM: To examine the effects of the endothelin type A receptor antagonist ambrisentan on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in a steatohepatitis mouse ***: Fatty liver shionogi(FLS) FLS-ob/ob mice(male, 12 wk old) received ambrisentan(2.5 mg/kg orally per day; n = 8) or water as a control(n = 5) for 4 wk. Factors were compared between the two groups, including steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelin-related gene expression in the ***: In the ambrisentan group, hepatic hydroxyproline content was significantly lower than in the control group(18.0 μg/g ± 6.1 μg/g vs 33.9 μg/g ± 13.5 μg/g liver, respectively, P = 0.014). Hepatic fibrosis estimated by Sirius red staining and areas positive for α-smooth muscle actin, indicative of activated hepatic stellate cells, were also significantly lower in the ambrisentan group(0.46% ± 0.18% vs 1.11% ± 0.28%, respectively, P = 0.0003; and 0.12% ± 0.08% vs 0.25% ± 0.11%, respectively, P = 0.047). Moreover, hepatic RNA expression levels of procollagen-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) were significantly lower by 60% and 45%, respectively, in the ambrisentan group. Inflammation, steatosis, and endothelin-related m RNA expression in the liver were not significantly different between the ***: Ambrisentan attenuated the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and reducing procollagen-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression. Ambrisentan did not affect inflammation or steatosis.

关键词： Endothelin Ambrisentan Steatohepatitis Hepatic stellate cell Hepatic fibrosis Oxidative stress Hepatic hydroxyproline

Structural effect of fluorophore on phenylboronic acid fluorophore/cyclodextrin complex for selective glucose recognition

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 53-60页

作者： Takeshi Hashimoto Mio Kumai Mariko Maeda Koji miyoshi Yuji Tsuchido Shoji Fujiwara Takashi Hayashita Department of Materials and Life Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia UniversityTokyo102-8554Japan Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience Graduate School of Advanced Science and EngineeringWaseda University(TWIns)Tokyo162-8480Japan Department of Current Legal Studies Faculty of LawMeiji Gakuin UniversityKanagawa244-8539Japan

Based on the design of the fluorescent site of a fluorescent probe,we have created a unique system that changes its twisting response to *** probes were synthesized,in which phenylboronic acid and two kinds of aromatic fluorescent site(pyrene or anthracene)were conjugated by an amide *** the fluorescence measurement of pyrene-type probe 1,dimer fluorescence was observed at high *** induced circular dichroism(ICD)experiments,a response was observed only in the presence of glucose and γ-cyclodextrin,and no response was seen with *** the other hand,in the fluorescence measurement of anthracene-type probe 2,dimer fluorescence was observed in the presence of both glucose and galactose,and the fluorescence was different from the case of *** the ICD spectra of these inclusion complexes were measured,an inversion of the Cotton effect,which indicates a change in the twisted structure,was observed in galactose and *** differences in response to monosaccharides may originate in the interaction between the fluorescent site and the cyclodextrin cavity.

关键词： sugar recognition phenylboronic acid cyclodextrin fluorescence response induced circular dichroism