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Transfer of electrons on scratched iron surfaces:Photoelectron emission and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies

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Friction 2018年第1期6卷 98-115页

作者： Yoshihiro MOMOSE Daisuke SUZUKI Keika TSURUYA Takao SAKURAI keiji nakayama Department of Materials Science Ibaraki University Ashikaga Institute of Technology Institute of Mesotechnology

We report the activation energy, ΔEa, for the quantum yield in thermally assisted photoelectron emission(TAPE) under 210-nm-wavelength light irradiation, and the associated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) results. Samples were cleaned only in acetone and scratched in air, water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, and cyclohexane. Glow curves, describing the temperature dependence of photoelectron emission(PE) quantum yield(emitted electrons/photon), Y, were obtained. A simple method of determining ΔEa using Y, called YGC, at seven temperatures up to 353 °C, for the same Y glow curve, was proposed. The ΔEa obtained using this method was almost the same as that obtained from Y for seven stationary temperatures(YST). For scratched samples, the TAPE was measured over two cycles of temperature increase and subsequent decrease(Up1, Down1 and Up2, Down2 scans) in the 25–339 °C range, and ΔE_a was obtained from YGC. The Arrhenius plot was approximated by a straight line, although a convex swelling peak appeared in the Up1 scan. ΔE_(aUp1) was in the 0.212–0.035 eV range, depending on the environment in which scratching was performed; ΔE_(aUp1) for water was much higher than that for acetone. This was explained in terms of the mode of the acid–base interaction between the liquid molecules and the hydroxyl group of Fe–OH. The values of ΔE_(aDown1), ΔEa Up2, and ΔE_(aDown2) were in the 0.038–0.012 eV range. The total count of electrons emitted during the Up1 and Up2 scans was found to decrease with increasing ΔE_(aUp1) and ΔE_(aUp2), respectively. ΔE_(aUp2) was found to increase with increasing presence of the FeO component in the analyzed Fe oxides. The convex swelling peak was attributed to the removal of carbon materials from the scratched surface and the effect of the increased electron density of the surface hydroxyl group of FeOH under the light irradiation.

关键词： thermally assisted photoelectron emission XPS real iron scratch-inducing environment Arrhenius activation energy environment molecule-surface hydroxyl group interaction

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Novel technique of abdominal wall nerve block for laparoscopic colostomy: Rectus sheath block with transperitoneal approach

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第8期9卷 182-185页

作者： Jun Nagata Jun Watanabe Yusuke Sawatsubashi Masaki Akiyama Koichi Arase Noritaka Minagawa Takayuki Torigoe Kotaro Hamada Yoshifumi nakayama keiji Hirata Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery Wakamatsu Hospital University of Occupational and Environmental Health Department of Surgery Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital Department of Surgery University of Occupational and Environmental Health Department of Anesthesiology Wakamatsu Hospital University of Occupational and Environmental Health

A 62-year-old man who had acute rectal obstruction due to a large rectal cancer is presented. He underwent emergency laparoscopic colostomy. We used the laparoscopic puncture needle to inject analgesia with the novel transperitoneal approach. In this procedure, both ultrasound and laparoscopic images assisted with the accurate injection of analgesic to the correct layer. The combination of laparoscopic visualization and ultrasound imaging ensured infiltration of analgesic into the correct layer without causing damage to the bowel. Twentyfour hours postoperatively, the patient's pain intensity as assessed by the numeric rating scale was 0-1 during coughing, and a continuous intravenous analgesic was not needed. Colostomy is often necessary in colon obstruction. Epidural anesthesia for postoperative pain cannot be used in patients with a coagulation disorder. We report the use of a novel laparoscopic rectus sheath block for colostomy. There has been no literature described about the nerve block with transperitoneal approach. The laparoscopic rectus sheath block was performed safely and had enough analgesic efficacy for postoperative pain. This technique could be considered as an optional anesthetic regimen in acute situations.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Rectus sheath block Colon obstruction Postoperative pain

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