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水稻分蘖期干旱锻炼对幼穗分化期高温下穗发育和产量形成的影响

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中国水稻科学 2024年第3期38卷 277-289页

作者：赵艺婷谢可冉高逖崔克辉作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院武汉430070

【目的】明确分蘖期干旱锻炼对幼穗分化期高温下水稻穗发育和产量形成的影响,并探究其生理机理。【方法】以两优培九(热敏感型)和汕优63(耐热型)为材料,在盆栽条件下设置全生育期淹灌和分蘖期干旱锻炼、幼穗分化期适温和高温共四种水分... 详细信息

【目的】明确分蘖期干旱锻炼对幼穗分化期高温下水稻穗发育和产量形成的影响,并探究其生理机理。【方法】以两优培九(热敏感型)和汕优63(耐热型)为材料,在盆栽条件下设置全生育期淹灌和分蘖期干旱锻炼、幼穗分化期适温和高温共四种水分和温度处理组合,研究干旱锻炼对高温胁迫下水稻颖花分化与退化、花粉活力、颖花育性、颖花大小、产量及穗生理特性的影响。【结果】与淹灌相比,在适温下干旱锻炼对两个品种产量无显著影响,但高温下干旱锻炼后两优培九和汕优63的产量分别显著提高了54.0%和20.1%,这主要是因为结实率和千粒重显著提高。与淹灌相比,幼穗分化期高温下,分蘖期干旱锻炼显著增强两优培九颖花过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低了丙二醛含量,其花粉活力和颖花育性分别显著提高了26.0%和39.0%。与适温相比,全生育期淹灌下,高温显著降低了两个品种的颖花大小和总颖花分化数。与淹灌相比,分蘖期干旱锻炼显著提高了幼穗分化期高温下两品种穗非结构性碳水化合物含量和颖花细胞分裂素(反式玉米素+反式玉米素核苷)含量,两个品种颖花长、颖花宽和总颖花分化数平均显著增加了3.2%、4.4%和15.0%。【结论】分蘖期干旱锻炼可通过增加抗氧化酶活性、非结构性碳水化合物和细胞分裂素含量来促进颖花发育和提高颖花育性,进而缓解幼穗分化期高温对水稻产量的不利影响,研究结果可为高温热害频发地区的水稻生产实践提供理论指导。

关键词：干旱锻炼幼穗分化期高温颖花育性颖花发育产量

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高温下钾肥调控水稻产量的研究进展

作物杂志 2024年第1期 8-15页

作者：谢可冉高逖崔克辉作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院湖北武汉430070

全球气候变暖导致的极端高温天气严重影响水稻生产,研究水稻高温伤害机理以及栽培调控措施对阐明水稻高温伤害具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来水稻幼穗分化期、抽穗开花期及灌浆期高温对产量形成的影响及机理,包括花粉发育、颖花育性、... 详细信息

全球气候变暖导致的极端高温天气严重影响水稻生产,研究水稻高温伤害机理以及栽培调控措施对阐明水稻高温伤害具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来水稻幼穗分化期、抽穗开花期及灌浆期高温对产量形成的影响及机理,包括花粉发育、颖花育性、灌浆结实、活性氧产生和清除、糖代谢、激素变化等生理生化过程。钾参与植物多个生理过程的调控,因此本文从“源―流―库”的调节、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长、活性氧和激素的稳态等方面论述了钾肥在缓解水稻高温胁迫中的可能作用,概述了不同栽培措施对高温下水稻产量形成的调控,并结合现有研究对优化钾肥管理、提高水稻的抗热性进行了展望。

关键词：高温胁迫水稻产量形成栽培措施钾肥

Response of spikelet water status to high temperature and its relationship with heat tolerance in rice

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The Crop Journal 2021年第6期9卷 1344-1356页

作者： Wencheng Wang kehui cui Qiuqian Hu Chao Wu Guohui Li Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Hubei Collaborative Innovation for Grain Industry Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023HubeiChina Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization Guangxi Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilin 541006GuangxiChina College of Agronomy Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 221116JiangsuChina

In rice, high-temperature stress(HT) during flowering results in decreased grain yield via a reduction in spikelet fertility;however, the effect of plant water status on spikelet fertility under HT remains unknown. To investigate the relationship between spikelet water status and spikelet fertility under HT, two experiments were performed under temperature-controlled conditions using four genotypes with varying tolerance to HT. Rice plants were exposed to HT for seven consecutive days during the flowering stage under three soil water treatments(soil water potential 0, -20, and -40 kPa), as well as under hydroponic conditions in a separate experiment. HT significantly decreased spikelet fertility, pollen fertility, and anther dehiscence under each of the three water treatments. HT significantly increased the spikelet transpiration rate, and this change was accompanied by a significant decrease in the internal temperature of the spikelets. HT decreased pollen grain diameter in heat-sensitive genotypes. HT had varying effects on the water potential of panicles and anthers but increased anther soluble-sugar concentration. Different aquaporin genes showed different expression profiles under HT, and the expression levels of PIPs for plasma membrane intrinsic proteins and TIPs for tonoplast intrinsic proteins increased in anthers but decreased in *** analyses showed that anther dehiscence and pollen(spikelet) fertility were tightly associated with anther water status, and the expression levels of almost all anther aquaporin genes were significantly correlated with anther dehiscence under HT. In summary, an increased spikelet transpiration rate and decreased internal spikelet temperature were associated with alleviation of the effects of HT in rice genotypes with varying degrees of heat tolerance, and the response of spikelet water status to HT, involving increased total expression of aquaporins and soluble sugar content, thereby improved pollen fertility,ant

关键词： Aquaporins Heat stress Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Spikelet fertility Spikelet water status

Enclosed stigma contributes to higher spikelet fertility for rice(Oryza sativa L.) subjected to heat stress

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The Crop Journal 2019年第3期7卷 335-349页

作者： Chao Wu kehui cui Qiuqian Hu Wencheng Wang Lixiao Nie Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina College of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production ManagementMinistry of AgricultureJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Hubei Collaborative Innovation for Grain Industry Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023HubeiChina

With global warming, rice plants may be subjected to heat stress more regularly during the heatsensitive flowering stage, causing spikelet sterility and grain yield *** exsertion is considered to increase pollen reception and promote female reproductive *** aim of this study was to investigate the role of stigma exsertion on spikelet fertility at high *** rice cultivars(Liangyoupeijiu, Shanyou 63, Huanghuazhan, Nagina 22, and IR64) with differing degrees of stigma exsertion were cultivated and exposed to high temperature at ***-tolerant cultivars did not always show a high percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas, and vice *** of the presence of more pollen grains on exserted stigmas, spikelets with exserted stigmas did not show greater spikelet fertility than spikelets with fewer exserted stigmas or hidden stigmas under heat ***3 application augmented the percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas;however, it did not increase spikelet fertility under heat *** fertility of whole panicles was negatively correlated with the percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas, but positively with that with hidden *** of the hidden stigmas was less reduced than that of exserted stigmas under heat stress, suggesting that hidden stigmas have an advantage in maintaining *** stress delayed anther dehiscence and reduced the viabilities of both exserted stigmas and pollens, thereby causing low spikelet ***, these results suggest that high spikelet fertility does not depend on stigma exsertion and that enclosed stigma generally contributes to higher spikelet fertility and heat tolerance under high-temperature conditions during flowering in rice.

关键词： Heat stress Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Spikelet fertility Stigma exsertion Stigma and pollen viability

呼出气一氧化氮检测与稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者小气道改变及预后的相关性

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中国医科大学学报 2023年第1期52卷 12-17页

作者：崔可慧苏新明中国医科大学附属第四医院第一呼吸与危重症医学科沈阳110034 中国医科大学附属第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科沈阳110001

目的分析呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)检测与稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者小气道改变及预后的相关性。方法收集156例稳定期COPD患者的临床资料,分析患者FeNO与第1秒用力肺活量占预计值的百分比(FEV1%pred)、FEV1与用力肺活量(FVC)的比值(F... 详细信息

目的分析呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)检测与稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者小气道改变及预后的相关性。方法收集156例稳定期COPD患者的临床资料,分析患者FeNO与第1秒用力肺活量占预计值的百分比(FEV1%pred)、FEV1与用力肺活量(FVC)的比值(FEV1/FVC)及小气道改变[25%肺活量时的最大呼气流速占预计值百分比(MEF25%pred)、50%肺活量时的最大呼气流速占预计值百分比(MEF50%pred)、75%肺活量时的最大呼气流速占预计值百分比(MEF75%pred)]的相关性。根据受试者操作特征曲线评估FeNO诊断稳定期重度COPD的截断值,将156例COPD患者分为高FeNO组与低FeNO组,比较随访12个月内急性加重次数和未急性加重生存时间的差异。结果Pearson相关分析显示,稳定期COPD患者中FeNO与FEV1%pred FEV1/FVC、MEF25%pred、MEF50%pred、MEF75%pred均呈明显负相关(P<0.001)。随访12个月内,高FeNO组急性加重次数明显高于低FeNO组(P<0.001),其未急性加重生存时间明显低于低FeNO组(P<0.001)。结论FeNO与稳定期COPD小气道改变密切相关,能辅助判断患者急性加重情况。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼出气一氧化氮小气道急性加重

Contributions of Rice Stem Large and Small Vascular Bundles on Translocation of Non-structural Carbohydrates

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Contributions of Rice Stem Large and Small Vascular Bundles ...

A large root and stele diameter have positive effects on rice(Oryza sativa L.) root N uptake measured by 15N-labeled method and non-invasive micro-test technology(NMT)

第十九届中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Guo Zhang kehui cui National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University

The non-structural carbohydrates(NSC) are a significant source of assimilates for grain yield formation in rice(Oryza sativa L.). Starch to sucrose conversion and phloem loading after heading, play important roles in rice stem(culm and leaf sheath) NSC remobilization. In the present study, four recombinant inbred lines of rice, R032, R191, R046, and R146 have been tested for stem large(LVB) and small vascular bundles(SVB) identifying NSC translocation under two nitrogen treatments in the field. From heading date(HD) to 28 d after heading, starch density in parenchyma cells surrounding SVB decreased significantly higher than those surrounding LVB. After HD, relative expression of α-amylase and sucrose synthase proteins increased NSC remobilization in parenchyma cells(PCs) surrounding SVB. Higher plasmodesmata densities at the interfaces of sieve element(SE) and companion cell(CC), and CC with its surrounding PCs, and between PCs in phloem of SVB, as well as higher relative expression of sucrose transporter in phloem of SVB enhanced phloem loading from stem to grain. The number and cross sectional area of SVB showed significantly positive correlations with apparent transferred mass of NSC from stems. The results indicate that SVB take a higher contribution to stem NSC translocation than LVB.

关键词： large and small vascular bundles non-structural carbohydrates plasmodesma rice(Oryza sativa L.) sucrose transporter

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A large root and stele diameter have positive effects on ric...

水稻茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物积累与转运研究进展

第十九届中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Lei Liu Xiaoli Qi kehui cui National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Huazhong Agricultural University

In order to understand the relationship of root anatomical characteristics and nitrogen absorption,two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different nitrogen uptake efficiency,YD6 and NK57,were chosen,and plants were grown in hydroponic nutrient solution containing different nitrogen concentrations (high nitrogen treatment,HN,40 ppm N in the form of (NH)SO;low nitrogen treatment,LN,5μmol L N) for 20 days,and then (NH)SOwas replaced by N-labeled(NH)SO for three days to measure the total amount of *** the same time,a single newly formed adventitious root with length 8-10 cm was selected to measure the net NHinflux rate by non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT),and then the chosen root was cut off immediately after every measurement for anatomical *** results showed that YD6 had a higher root and shoot biomass,shoot N concentration,total N accumulation under HN and LN when compared with those of *** N uptake per unit root dry weight and root length of YD6 were significantly higher than those of NK57 under the two N treatments;the net NHinflux were 143.4 and 52.2 pmol cm s on the root surface of YD6 under HN and LN,and 95.9 and 25.6 pmol cm s on the root surface of NK57;the data suggest that the NHuptake ability of YD6 was stronger than that of *** root diameter,stele diameter,number of metaxylem vessels and protoxylem vessels,cortical cell file numbers of YD6 were larger than those of NK57,the root diameter and stele diameter were significantly positively correlated with N uptake and net NHinflux of *** conclusion,our study suggests that large root and stele diameters were conductive to root N uptake under different N treatments.

关键词： rice root N uptake 15N-labeled method NMT root anatomical characteristics

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植物生理学报 2020年第6期56卷 1127-1136页

作者：张国崔克辉华中农业大学植物科学技术学院作物遗传改良国家重点实验室农业部长江中游作物生理生态与栽培重点实验室武汉430070

水稻(Oryza sativa)花前茎秆和叶鞘贮藏的非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates,NSC)可向籽粒分配再转运,是籽粒灌浆的同化物来源之一。茎鞘NSC的积累与转运对水稻增产稳产具有重要意义。本文重点综述了茎鞘NSC积累与转运... 详细信息

水稻(Oryza sativa)花前茎秆和叶鞘贮藏的非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates,NSC)可向籽粒分配再转运,是籽粒灌浆的同化物来源之一。茎鞘NSC的积累与转运对水稻增产稳产具有重要意义。本文重点综述了茎鞘NSC积累与转运的生理过程及其调控措施,同化物装载、长距离运输和卸载的机制,并讨论了同化物输导组织与同化物转运、产量形成的关系。

关键词：水稻非结构性碳水化合物积累转运同化物装载和卸载产量形成

水稻根系特征与氮吸收利用效率关系的研究进展

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作物杂志 2022年第1期 11-19页

作者：刘磊宋娜娜齐晓丽崔克辉作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院湖北武汉430070

植物根系是活跃的物质代谢和吸收器官,对植株生物量积累、养分和水分高效吸收利用具有重要作用。本文主要综述了水稻根系形态、解剖、生理特征与氮吸收利用效率的关系以及不同氮效率品种根系特征的差异,并综述了促进根系生长和提高氮吸... 详细信息

植物根系是活跃的物质代谢和吸收器官,对植株生物量积累、养分和水分高效吸收利用具有重要作用。本文主要综述了水稻根系形态、解剖、生理特征与氮吸收利用效率的关系以及不同氮效率品种根系特征的差异,并综述了促进根系生长和提高氮吸收利用效率的栽培调控措施,展望了未来水稻根系的研究方向,为水稻氮肥减施、氮高效栽培管理技术优化和氮高效品种选育提供理论依据。

关键词：水稻根系特征氮吸收利用效率品种选育栽培调控