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新型能源体系发展思考与建议

中国工程科学 2024年第4期26卷 1-8页

作者：谢克昌中国工程院北京100088

加快规划和建设新型能源体系,构建能源体系发展新格局,对保障国家能源安全、实现绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。本文在回顾10年来我国能源体系发展历程,把握当前国际能源领域形势和我国能源发展新目标的基础上,明晰了由安全高效、清洁低碳... 详细信息

加快规划和建设新型能源体系,构建能源体系发展新格局,对保障国家能源安全、实现绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。本文在回顾10年来我国能源体系发展历程,把握当前国际能源领域形势和我国能源发展新目标的基础上,明晰了由安全高效、清洁低碳、多元协同、智能普惠构成的新型能源体系的内涵,深化了对包括能源消费总量与结构演变、煤炭安全兜底、油气增储上产、非化石能源降本增效在内的新型能源体系的认识。进一步,提出了坚持系统思维、坚持创新引领、坚持深化改革的新型能源体系发展思路,凝练了面向2035年、2050年的新型能源体系建设目标,梳理出稳妥有序推进能源绿色低碳转型、推动城乡能源体系协同发展、构建多轮驱动能源供给体系、加强关键核心技术攻关、构建新型能源评估体系等新型能源体系建设的重点举措。相关内容提供了建设新型能源体系所需的理论引导与实践支持,可为新时期新型能源体系发展研究提供参考。

关键词：新型能源体系安全高效清洁低碳多元协同智能普惠

炼焦煤成焦机理再认识:“衍构成焦机理”的提出

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煤炭学报 2024年第6期49卷 2826-2839页

作者：崔贝贝王美君常丽萍谢克昌太原理工大学省部共建煤基能源清洁高效利用国家重点实验室山西太原030024 太原理工大学煤科学与技术教育部重点实验室山西太原030024

深度认识煤质特性、探究炼焦煤成焦机理是开发精细化配煤炼焦技术的关键。传统成焦机理仅宏观地解释了炼焦煤炭化过程中的塑性和黏结现象,缺乏对煤转变为焦炭所涉及的化学反应的深层次认识。基于此,从分子水平阐述了炼焦煤成焦特性的演... 详细信息

深度认识煤质特性、探究炼焦煤成焦机理是开发精细化配煤炼焦技术的关键。传统成焦机理仅宏观地解释了炼焦煤炭化过程中的塑性和黏结现象,缺乏对煤转变为焦炭所涉及的化学反应的深层次认识。基于此,从分子水平阐述了炼焦煤成焦特性的演化机制并提出了“衍构成焦机理”,其核心观点是:煤的焦化本质是煤分子在温度作用下发生的一系列化学反应;成焦过程中的一切宏观特性都取决于煤基体的瞬态空间结构,即“结构决定性质”;炼焦过程中传热传质条件的动态变化将影响煤的热转化行为进而影响成焦特性和焦炭质量,即“环境影响行为”。基于煤分子结构特性及热解过程中共价键的断裂和重建规律,重点分析了炼焦煤的流动性、膨胀性及其演化机制,探究了煤分子空间结构重排与焦炭强度的内在联系。流动性源于煤中弱共价键的断裂,终于芳香碎片的交联缩聚。在流动过程中,煤热解碎片以分子链段的形式向孔穴相继跃迁并封闭孔隙,形成了包含塑性层和部分煤层及半焦层的低透气带,限制了挥发分的释放从而产生了膨胀压力;同时,碳基质结构发生重排,取向性增加,sp^(2)杂化和sp^(3)杂化形式的碳原子的空间排布方式决定了焦炭的强度。加热速率的合理调控将明显改善焦炭强度并实现焦化过程节能降耗。“衍构成焦机理”是对传统煤成焦机理的补充和延伸,以期为现代煤焦化工业精细化发展提供理论指导和技术支撑。

关键词：成焦机理分子结构转变成焦特性传热传质条件焦炭质量

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中国现代能源体系建设进程评估

工程科学与技术 2024年第1期56卷 206-217页

作者：朱广岩张小妹严晓辉高丹呼和涛力程婉静田亚峻谢克昌中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所泛能源大数据与战略研究中心山东青岛266101 山东能源研究院山东青岛266101 青岛新能源山东省实验室山东青岛266101 中国科学院大学化学工程学院北京100049 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司科技部北京100013 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院北京102206 常州大学城乡矿山研究院江苏常州213164 中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所北京100732 中国工程院北京100088

能源是国家经济社会发展的基石,构建现代能源体系对保障国家能源安全,如期实现“双碳”目标,推动经济社会高质量发展具有重要意义。本文基于清洁、低碳、安全、高效4个维度构建了现代能源指标体系,运用序关系分析法定量评价中国现代能... 详细信息

能源是国家经济社会发展的基石,构建现代能源体系对保障国家能源安全,如期实现“双碳”目标,推动经济社会高质量发展具有重要意义。本文基于清洁、低碳、安全、高效4个维度构建了现代能源指标体系,运用序关系分析法定量评价中国现代能源体系的历史进程,并进行国内外横向对比。结果表明:过去11年(2010—2020年),中国推动能源革命进程成效显著,2020年达到了世界平均水平,在全球76个主要经济体中排名第38位,落后于欧盟、美国、日本等发达经济体,领先于俄罗斯、印度等发展中经济体。中国高效指数排名明显落后于发达经济体,表明中国能效提升方面空间巨大,也说明更要重视科技投入;中国的安全指数排名比较靠前,证明了中国煤炭在能源安全中的“压舱石”地位,但是同样的原因导致中国的低碳指数相对落后;过去10年,中国能源清洁利用成效显著,但是排名整体靠后,说明中国能源的清洁开发利用依然任重道远。其中,中国能源结构指标、碳排放系列指标、能源强度指标是影响中国综合指数水平的关键性指标,尤其是能源强度指标。因此,首先,未来要加快构建以可再生能源为主、以化石能源为辅的现代能源体系;其次,新能源与低碳技术达到体量尚需时日,长期以来,煤炭支撑中国经济和社会较快发展,是中国能源安全保障的压舱石和稳定器,煤炭清洁高效利用仍需加强,而实现了清洁高效利用的煤炭就是能源清洁;最后,能源转型的关键是优化能源结构,要多能互补,集成热、电、气、冷,提升火电机组灵活性,而在终端消费方面提高能源效率,降低能源强度,实施电能替代,形成以电为中心的能源消费格局。

关键词：现代能源体系指数清洁低碳安全高效

Reviews of clean coal conversion technology in China:Situations & challenges

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第7期34卷 62-69页

作者： kechang xie State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology(Taiyuan University of Technology)Ministry of EducationTaiyuan 030024China

It is important to develop the advanced coal to chemicals industry(ACCI)against a backdrop of coal-based energy structures,excessive imported oil and natural gas,and strict environmental constraints in *** this study,the technology and industry of China’s ACCI are reviewed to explain the effect of using coal to replace oil and natural gas,and the corresponding resource and environmental burdens that this will *** trends in technology and industry are also proposed to explore future *** review shows that although excellent progress has been made on an industrial scale,demonstrative level,and in terms of technology and equipment,the lack of strategic understanding,severe external constraints,partly underdeveloped technologies,and weak foundations must be immediately ***,it is necessary to clarify the importance that the ACCI has on the energy revolution and energy *** on technological innovation,a variety of external factors should be considered as a whole with emphasis on filling the knowledge gap of theoretical foundations and industry standards to support high-quality development for ACCI.

关键词： Advanced coal to chemicals industry Strategic understanding Clean energy

Comparison of reduction behavior of Fe_2O_3, ZnO and ZnFe_2O_4 by TPR technique

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2009年第1期18卷 110-113页

作者： Meisheng Liang Wenkai Kang kechang xie College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory for Coal Science and Technology of Shanxi Province and Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi China The Second Design Institute of Chemical Industry Taiyuan 030002 Shanxi China

Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） power generation systems require the development of high-temperature, regenerable, desulfurization sorbents capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gasifier gas to very low levels. As a sort of effective desufurizer, such as Fe2O3, ZnO and ZnFe2O4, it will endure strong reducing atmosphere in desulfurization process. The reduced degree of desufurizer can have an effect on its desulfurization reactivity. In this paper, Fe2O3, ZnO and ZnFe2O4 were synthesized by precipitation or co-precipitation at constant pH. After aging, washing and drying, the solids were calcined at 800℃. The reduction behaviors of sample were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）. It is found that there are two reduction peaks for Fe2O3 in TPR, and whereas no reduction peaks for ZnO are found. The reduction process of ZnFe2O4 prepared by co-precipitation is different from that of Fe2O3. ZnFe2O4 is easier to be reduced than Fe2O3. The activation energy of reduction process for Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 is obtained at different reduction periods.

关键词： Fe2O3 ZnFe2O4 ZnO reduction behavior TPR

Bench-Scale Testing of Zinc Ferrite Sorbent for Hot Gas Clean-up

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2007年第2期16卷 204-209页

作者： Meisheng Liang Hongyan Xu kechang xie College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030025 Shanxi China Key Laboratory for Coal Science and Technology of Shanxi Province and Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi China

Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） power generation systems require the development of high-temperature, regenerable desulfurization sorbents, which are capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gasifier gas to very low levels. In this paper, zinc ferrites prepared by co-precipitation were identified as a novel coal gas desulfurization sorbent at high temperature. Preparation of zinc ferrite and effects of binders on pore volume, strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite desulfurizer were studied. Moreover, the behavior of zinc ferrite sorbent during desulfurization and regeneration under the temperature range of 350-400 ℃ are investigated. Effects of binders on the pore volume, mechanical strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite sorbents indicated that the addition of kaolinite to zinc ferrite desulfurizer seems to be superior to other binders under the experimental conditions.

关键词： zinc ferrite sorbent binder hot gas clean-up sulfidation regeneration

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2006年第3期15卷 223-229页

作者： Bo Guo Liping Chang kechang xie Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China

The adsorption of CO2 on a raw activated carbon A and three modified activated carbon samples B, C, and D at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K and the thermodynamics of adsorption have been investigated using a vacuum adsorption apparatus in order to obtain more information about the effect of CO2 on removal of organic sulfur-containing compounds in industrial gases. The active ingredients impregnated in the carbon samples show significant influence on the adsorption for CO2 and its volumes adsorbed on modified carbon samples B, C, and D are all larger than that on the raw carbon sample A. On the other hand, the physical parameters such as surface area, pore volume, and micropore volume of carbon samples show no influence on the adsorbed amount of CO2. The Dubinin-Radushkevich （D-R） equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on carbon samples A and B, while the Freundlich equation was the best fit for the adsorption on carbon samples C and D. The isosteric heats of adsorption on carbon samples A, B, C, and D derived from the adsorption isotherms using the Clapeyron equation decreased slightly increasing surface loading. The heat of adsorption lay between 10.5 and 28.4 kJ/mol, with the carbon sample D having the highest value at all surface coverages that were studied. The observed entropy change associated with the adsorption for the carbon samples A, B, and C （above the surface coverage of 7 ml/g） was lower than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption. However, it was higher than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption but lower than the theoretical value for localized adsorption for carbon sample D.

关键词： carbon dioxide adsorption heat of adsorption activated carbon

Studies on the structure and catalytic performance of Cu-Zn-Al catalyst prepared by liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmosphere

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010年第6期19卷 611-616页

作者： Zhihua Gao Wei Huang Lihua Yin kechang xie Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi China

Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment *** catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,and N2 *** application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also *** results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu0/Cu＋ ratio on the catalyst ***,the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and less on the type of heat treatment *** prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures,and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol *** catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere.

关键词： liquid-phase preparation technology slurry reactor dimethyl ether syngas heat treatment atmosphere

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面向2035年我国能源发展的思考与建议

中国工程科学 2022年第6期24卷 1-7页

作者：谢克昌中国工程院北京100088

2035年前是我国基本实现社会主义现代化的关键时期,能源高质量发展是支撑经济社会可持续发展的先决条件,应立足基本国情和所处发展阶段,在保障能源安全供应的前提下推进能源清洁低碳转型。本文从能源总量、能源结构、综合能效、能源科... 详细信息

2035年前是我国基本实现社会主义现代化的关键时期,能源高质量发展是支撑经济社会可持续发展的先决条件,应立足基本国情和所处发展阶段,在保障能源安全供应的前提下推进能源清洁低碳转型。本文从能源总量、能源结构、综合能效、能源科技、体制机制、能源安全六方面阐述了我国能源发展现状,重点分析了未来一段时期内能源发展的关键问题,涵盖煤炭兜底保障作用、能源消费增量的可再生能源替代、油气供给安全、核电发展立足自主、氢能和储能全产业链规模化发展等。着眼2035年能源领域高质量发展,提出了能源革命,碳达峰、碳中和4个阶段的战略目标。研究建议,各环节全面落实节能优先方针,继续实施煤炭清洁高效低碳利用,站位全局谋划和推动可再生能源成为未来能源供应增量的主体,加快低碳转型并统筹构建多能互补能源系统。

关键词：能源革命能源安全低碳转型碳达峰、碳中和煤炭清洁高效利用