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电催化析氢反应中的氢溢流效应

化学进展 2024年第2期36卷 244-255页

作者：刘研刘雅琦邢立文吴珂纪建军纪永军北京工商大学轻工科学技术学院北京100048 北京工商大学化学与材料工程学院北京100048 广盛原中医药有限公司大同037000

电解水制氢技术碳排放量低、能量利用率高、所得氢气纯度高,在多数制氢技术中具有显著优势,业已成为学术界和工业界的研究热点。其中,电催化析氢反应(HER)处于核心地位,常涉及多步氢转移过程和多个活性位点共同参与的情况。然而,这些活... 详细信息

电解水制氢技术碳排放量低、能量利用率高、所得氢气纯度高,在多数制氢技术中具有显著优势,业已成为学术界和工业界的研究热点。其中,电催化析氢反应(HER)处于核心地位,常涉及多步氢转移过程和多个活性位点共同参与的情况。然而,这些活性位点之间的催化关联和潜在的氢溢流效应常被忽视。本文回顾了过渡金属氧化物、磷化物和硫化物等的电催化体系的析氢性能和反应机制;结合传统热催化理论,将参与氢溢流的活性位点抽象总结为初级和次级活性位点,并明晰了它们的催化关联和功能差异;本文将不仅为高效廉价析氢电催化剂的创制提供一种设计理念,也为进一步研究涉氢电催化反应中的氢转移行为提供参考。

关键词：氢溢流析氢反应初级活性位点次级活性位点

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新辅助免疫治疗开创胃癌治疗新时代

中华胃肠外科杂志 2024年第7期27卷 653-658页

作者：季科周凯高翔宇步召德季加孚北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所胃肠肿瘤中心恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室北京100142 北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所胃肠肿瘤中心消化系肿瘤整合防治全国重点实验室恶性肿瘤转化研究北京市重点实验室北京100142

近年来,随着肿瘤免疫学的发展,免疫治疗成为胃癌新辅助治疗的新方向。多项临床试验已经证实,将免疫治疗与化疗、靶向治疗等相结合,应用于胃癌新辅助治疗中,不仅可以改善患者的治疗反应,还能有效延长患者的生存期。本文旨在评述免疫治疗... 详细信息

近年来,随着肿瘤免疫学的发展,免疫治疗成为胃癌新辅助治疗的新方向。多项临床试验已经证实,将免疫治疗与化疗、靶向治疗等相结合,应用于胃癌新辅助治疗中,不仅可以改善患者的治疗反应,还能有效延长患者的生存期。本文旨在评述免疫治疗在胃癌新辅助治疗中的应用,并探讨其机制、与传统治疗方式的结合策略、安全性及个体化精准治疗等,从而为胃癌治疗领域提供新的思路与方向。

关键词：胃肿瘤新辅助治疗免疫治疗免疫检查点抑制剂

Dominant negative effect as a novel mechanism of SPAST gene mutation in a large family with hereditary spastic paraplegia

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 74-77页

作者： ke Deng Haibo Ruan Feifei Yu Zhenle Pei Congjian Xu Shuo Zhang Shanghai ji Ai Genetics&IVF Institute Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000China Shanghai key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai 200000China The First People’s Hospital of Wenling WenlingZhejiang 317500China Rushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine RushanShandong 264599China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000China.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP)is a group of disorders with genetic heterogeneity,lower-extremity weakness,and spasticity are the most common signs and *** is the most frequently disease-causing *** is a microtubule-severing enzyme encoded by SPAST that cleaves long microtubules into short fragments by interacting with other proteins or *** spastic paraplegia type 4(SPG4),which is autosomal dominant,is the clinical subtype associated with SPAST ***4 accounts for up to one-third of all HSP cases and usually presents with isolated lower extremity spasticity,with or without bladder or sensory dysfunction.1 The main cause of SPG4 is believed to be spastin haploinsufficiency,which results from mutations in the SPAST gene.

关键词： bladder insufficiency clinical

从地方性概念出发:环境传播研究的学理路径转向——基于跨地方主义的理论视角

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编辑之友 2024年第4期 80-87页

作者：纪莉可天浩武汉大学新闻与传播学院湖北武汉430070

环境议题的全球关切性和地方现实性矛盾,导致全球抑或地方的二元分析路径已不再适用。而跨地方主义所具有的勾连、融合和重构特征,有望弥合全球与地方间的理论断裂。基于此,文章以跨地方主义介入环境传播的研究为核心,围绕这一概念的理... 详细信息

环境议题的全球关切性和地方现实性矛盾,导致全球抑或地方的二元分析路径已不再适用。而跨地方主义所具有的勾连、融合和重构特征,有望弥合全球与地方间的理论断裂。基于此,文章以跨地方主义介入环境传播的研究为核心,围绕这一概念的理论溯源、价值勾连和影响作用等展开讨论。研究发现,跨地方主义在关系连接、公共互构和政治内嵌三个方面对环境传播发挥着重要作用,展现出空间性的理解视域变迁,呈现出空间实践、空间表象和表征性空间等价值维度。

关键词：跨地方主义环境传播学理路径

Advances of Pipeline Model Parallelism for Deep Learning Training:An Overview

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第3期39卷 567-584页

作者：关磊李东升梁吉业王文剑葛可适卢锡城 College of Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China CCF IEEE

Deep learning has become the cornerstone of artificial intelligence,playing an increasingly important role in human production and ***,as the complexity of problem-solving increases,deep learning models become increasingly intricate,resulting in a proliferation of large language models with an astonishing number of *** model parallelism(PMP)has emerged as one of the mainstream approaches to addressing the significant challenge of training“big models”.This paper presents a comprehensive review of *** covers the basic concepts and main challenges of *** also comprehensively compares synchronous and asynchronous pipeline schedules for PMP approaches,and discusses the main techniques to achieve load balance for both intra-node and inter-node ***,the main techniques to optimize computation,storage,and communication are presented,with potential research directions being discussed.

关键词： deep learning pipeline schedule load balance multi-GPU system pipeline model parallelism(PMP)

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 1-4页

作者： Shi-Rong Lv Ming-ke Wang Xue-Lu Yu Xin-Yue Li ji-Shun Yang Department of Disease Control and Prevention Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China Medical Care Center Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China

Routine pediatric vaccination is one of the most effective public health inter-ventions for the control of a number of fatal ***,during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,routine pediatric vaccination rates were severely affected by disruptions of health services and vaccine confidence *** and the United Nations have taken measures to re-establish routine pediatric vaccination,while additional efforts are needed to catch up and develop plans to ensure routine vaccination services for the future pandemics.

关键词： Vaccines Childhood immunizations COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Banxia xiexin decoction prevents the development of gastric cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第10期15卷 1293-1308页

作者： Guo-Xiu Zu ke-Yun Sun Xi-jian Liu ji-Qin Tang Hai-Liang Huang Tao Han College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355Shandong ProvinceChina School of Rehabilitation Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND In China banxia xiexin decoction(BXD)has been used in treating gastric cancer(GC)for thousands of years and BXD has a good role in reversing GC histopathology,but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still *** To investigate the mechanism of action of BXD against GC based on transcriptomics,network pharmacology,in vivo and in vitro *** The transplanted tumor model was prepared,and the nude mouse were pathologically examined after administration,and hematoxylin-eosin staining was *** active ingredients of BXD were quality controlled and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS),and traditional Chinese medicines systems pharmacology platform,drug bank and the Swiss target prediction platform to predict the relevant targets,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of GC were screened by RNA-seq sequencing,and the overlapping targets were analyzed to obtain the key targets and *** Counting Kit-8,apoptosis assay,cell migration and Realtime fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used for in vitro *** All dosing groups inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors in laboratory-bred strain nude,with the capecitabine group and the BXD medium-dose group being the best.A total of 29 compounds and 859 potential targets in BXD were identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS and network pharmacology,RNA-seq sequencing found 4767 GC DEGs,which were combined with network pharmacology and analyzed 246 potential therapeutic targets were obtained and pathway results showed that BXD may against GC through the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKt)signaling *** vitro cellular experiments confirmed that BXDcontaining serum and LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells,promote apoptosis,and inhibit the migration of GC cells by decreasing the expression of EGFR,PIK

关键词： Banxia xiexin decoction Gastric cancer Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole elec-trostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry Network pharmacology Whole transcriptomic sequencing Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway

定量转换函数在人类世湖泊水环境变化研究中的应用

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地球科学进展 2024年第5期39卷 504-518页

作者：孙信尧张科林琪沈吉南京大学地理与海洋科学学院江苏南京210023 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室江苏南京210008

近现代(1950年)以来,全球湖泊系统普遍面临水生态环境挑战,利用转换函数可定量重建湖泊水环境自然基线和演化历史,评估人类活动的影响程度并为生态修复提供合理目标。从转换函数构建及应用的基本流程入手,围绕pH值、总磷、溶氧量、透明... 详细信息

近现代(1950年)以来,全球湖泊系统普遍面临水生态环境挑战,利用转换函数可定量重建湖泊水环境自然基线和演化历史,评估人类活动的影响程度并为生态修复提供合理目标。从转换函数构建及应用的基本流程入手,围绕pH值、总磷、溶氧量、透明度、水位、盐度和温度这几种水环境参数,综合梳理了生物—湖泊水环境定量转换函数在人类世湖泊流域中的典型应用案例,从不同角度考察了湖泊自然水生态环境受人类扰动而发生改变的速率、幅度以及演化过程与机制。最后,讨论了定量转换函数方法目前存在的不足,并从新载体开发和多指标体系构建、大样本训练集和机器学习、加强生物指标的现代生态学研究以及转换函数与生态系统模型的结合4个方面,针对性地提出几点展望,以进一步提升转换函数性能,并扩大其应用范围,为后续研究提供参考。

关键词：湖泊水环境湖泊沉积转换函数定量重建环境演化人类世

家畜环境卫生学PBL案例教学的研究——以牧场规划选址为例

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家畜生态学报 2024年第9期45卷 91-96页

作者：吴学壮季珂安徽科技学院动物科学学院安徽滁州233100

PBL案例教学法是以问题为导向,通过引入案例激发学生思考和讨论,培养学生创造性思维和问题解决能力的一种教学方法。本文以牧场规划的教学内容为例,其在家畜环境卫生学课程中的应用。介绍了牧场规划案例库的构建、案例教学设计,包括问... 详细信息

PBL案例教学法是以问题为导向,通过引入案例激发学生思考和讨论,培养学生创造性思维和问题解决能力的一种教学方法。本文以牧场规划的教学内容为例,其在家畜环境卫生学课程中的应用。介绍了牧场规划案例库的构建、案例教学设计,包括问题引入、案例引入、分组讨论、辩论与演示、课后作业和总结反思。同时,分析了案例教学的效果。

关键词：家畜环境卫生学案例教学牧场规划教学设计问题为导向